Electricity laws and regulations

E LECTRICITY L AWS ANDR EGULATIONS

O VERVIEW 20261000000000 KwH (20,261 TwH), was the total annual electricity generation in world in 2008 India consumes 4% of global power to lighten up lives of 17% of the global population (1.2 billion approx)

L AWS IN I NDIA  Indian Electricity Act, 1910  Electricity(supply) Act, 1948  Electricity Regulatory Commissions Act, 1998  Electricity Act, 2003 (Amendments in 2003 and 2007)  The Atomic Energy Act, 1962 Atomic Energy (Arbitration Procedure) Rules, 1983  Atomic Energy (Working of mines, minerals and handling of prescribed substances) Rules, 1984  Atomic Energy (Safe Disposal of Radioactive Wastes) Rules, 1987  Atomic Energy (Factories) Rules, 1996  Radiation Protection Rules, 2004  The Civil liability for Nuclear Damage Act, 2010Power Ministry handles all the affairs in the Power sector

Generation Transmission Distribution

G ENERATION

G ENERATION 182344000000 W (182.344 GW) is the total installed capacity in India (2011) The estimated demand for 2021 is 1915 TWh and peak demand of 298 GW Majority of which is still thermal – which is primarily coal

S ETTING U P N EW P LANTS The Electricity Act, 2003 in India has made it possible for any company to establish, operate, and maintain a generating station without obtaining a license if it complies with the technical standards relating to connectivity with the grid Some companies in this sector are Moserbaer, Lanco Infratech

S ETTING U P N EW P LANTS

S OLAR E NERGY Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission aims to capture 20 GW of solar power by year 2022 Aims at ramping up the on grid installation of solar power Promotes the off-grid installation of the various measures capture energy Trying to achieve the above said numbers mainly by Solar Thermal Collectors Link

W IND P OWER Current installation of Wind Power is around 15000 MW India ranks 5th in the Global Wind capture Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Rajasthan are the major states Central Government gives Rs 0.5/kWh incentive to state governments, including other tax holidays, and loan facilities

N UCLEAR E NERGY India’s progress into civil nuclear space has not been considerable since last 34 years India was not allowed to trade nuclear plants or materials on the global stage After NPT-2009, India decided not to promote further development of the nuclear weapon field Since then, civil nuclear energy space is developing very fast

N UCLEAR E NERGY India expects to have 20 GW nuclear capacity by 2020 and 63 GW capacity by 2032 and aims to supply 25% of electricity from nuclear power by 2050 Current total Nuclear Power Plant installed capacity is 4780 MW Atomic Energy Commission looks after the implementation of rules and regulation in this sector

T RANSMISSION

T RANSMISSION Edison’s DC vs Tesla’s AC In 1891, at International Electro-Technical Exhibition, Tesla’s AC won On November 16, 1896, electrical power was transmitted to Buffalo from the AC hydroelectric generators at Niagara Falls, built by Westinghouse Electric Corporation

T RANSMISSION IN I NDIA The electricity transmission in India is controlled by a number of organizations The main Act that controls these organizations is the Electricity Act, 2003 Power Ministry looks after the implementation of the policies Power Grid Corporation of India, is the public sector company which has installed the India wide electricity grid

D ESPATCH C ENTERS National Load Despatch Centers Regional Load Despatch Centers State Load Despatch Centers

N ATIONAL L OAD D ESPATCH C ENTER  Established by Central Government  Looks for optimum scheduling and despatch of electricity among Regional Load Despatch Centers  It should not engage in the business of electricity, and must do only the transmission  It should be operated by a government company or private company as notified by the government

R EGIONAL D ESPATCH CENTER Responsible for optimum scheduling and despatch of electricity within the region Enters into the contract with the various generating companies in the region Monitor grid operations Keeps account of the electricity transmitted through the grid Exercise supervision and control over the inter-state transmission In India there are four regional despatch centers, which are North, East, West, South

H IERARCHY National Load Despatch CentreNorthern Region North Eastern South Region East Region Load West Region Load Load Despatch Load Despatch Load Despatch Despatch Centre Despatch Centre Centre Centre Centre West Bengal Chattisgarh State Kerela State LoadPunjab State Load State Load … Load Despatch … Despatch Centre … Despatch Centre Despatch Centre Centre (SLDC)

V ILLAGE ELECTRIFICATION 56% of Indian population still remains without power Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY) is the programme of Government of India which began in April 2005 It aims to accelerate the pace of village electrification programme in the country Ministry of Power is the nodal agency in implementing this scheme Rural Electrification Corporation objective is to finance and promote rural electrification projects all over the country.

V ILLAGE ELECTRIFICATION As per the latest definition, even if 10% of the homes in a village have access to electricity then that village is declared electrified This leads to a great confusion, as the government is speedily electrifying villages But, still many people continue to remain in dark

D ISTRIBUTION

P OWER D ISTRIBUTION This deals with the end level consumer, who is the real consumer of electricity The Electricity Act, 2003 governs the distribution licences, electricity consumption etc.

N ET M ETERING It refers to a system in which a consumer can feed electricity back into the grid and get paid for it There are two pricing models  Government pays you for any amount of electricity you generate by harnessing renewable sources of energy  Government buys the surplus renewable power from the consumer It has been seen that people become more conscious to the use of electricity, after Net Metering Promotes the capture of renewable source of energy Implemented in United States, Australia, Canada, Germany etc.

C APTIVE P OWER Refers to the generation from a unit set up by industry for its exclusive consumption It is estimated that over 30% of the total energy requirement of the Indian Industry is met by captive power Many of the big industries use in-house power generation system mainly due to the following reasons  Non availability of adequate grid supply  Poor quality and reliability of grid supply  High tariff as a result of heavy cross loading The state governments are concerned about the increasing adoption of captive power, because industrial customers are a major source of revenues Even the industry, as they are not able to focus fully on running their industries

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Electricity laws and regulations

by Akshat Goel

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