Abuse me and you’ll see - Group 1 - St. Charles

Abuse Me and You’ll See!!

A presentation by Group # 1 of III- St.
Charles
Aaron Bernardo LOADING

Albert Alegre
Ivan Atinaja LOADING
Aaron Alsol COMPLETE

Jeyo Artuz

A Friendly Reminder

 Humans were given stewardship over the world and we
are doing a horrible job on it.
 We aim for progress yet we do the exact opposite by
biting the hand that feeds us and cutting off our food
supply.
 Everything can be achieved by discipline and the change
has to start with people like you.

Friendly Reminder

 The past generation has done their part
and fought their battles.

This is our turn.

Choose your Element

Al N S Fl Ne

Ra Pb Mn As Hg

Aluminium

 Characteristics
Classification: Aluminum is an ‘other metal’
Color: silvery
Atomic weight: 26.98154 g/mol
State: solid
Melting point: 660.32 oC, 933.57 K
Boiling point: 2466.85 oC, 2740.00 K
Shells: 2,8,3
Electron configuration: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1
Density @ 20oC: 2.702 g/cm3
Atomic volume: 9.98 cm3/mol
Structure: fcc: face-centered cubic
Hardness: 2.8 mohs

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Aluminium

 Characteristics
 Aluminum is a silvery-white metal. It does not stick to
magnets (it is paramagnetic and so its magnetism under
normal conditions is very, very weak). It is an excellent
electrical conductor. It is of low density and high
ductility. It is too reactive to be commonly found as the
metal although, very rarely, the native metal can be
found. (8)

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Aluminium

• Usefulness
• At Home
Used for window frames, door knobs and to make utensils in the
kitchen. It is used in making golf clubs, indoor and outdoor
furniture, tennis bats, refrigerators, toasters, saucepans, kettles.

• Transportation
Used in parts of aircraft carriers boats, ship construction and
automobile parts.

• Packaging
Used in drink cans, bottle caps, foils, trays, etc. are all made out of
it. Other uses for packaging are storage boxes, utensil lids,
thermos, etc.

• Construction
Widely used for construction.

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Aluminium

 Harmful Effects to the Environment
 May accumulate in plants and cause health problems for
animals that consume these plants.

 In acidified lakes the number of fish and amphibians is
declining due to reactions of Aluminium ions with
proteins in the gills of fish and the embryo's of frogs.

 High Aluminium concentrations do not only cause effects
upon fish, but also upon birds and other animals that
consume contaminated fish and insects and upon
animals that breathe in Aluminium through air.

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Aluminium

 Harmful Effects to Humans
 Harmful effects to human body and animals
Long lasting uptakes of significant concentrations of
Aluminium can lead to serious health effects, such as:
- Damage to the central nervous system
- Dementia
- Loss of memory
- Listlessness
- Severe trembling

 Can cause problems for kidney patients when it enters the
body during kidney dialyses.

 Inhalation of finely divided aluminium and aluminium oxide
powder has been reported as a cause of lung damage.

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Aluminium

 How is it Abused

 Industries use Aluminium to make their products. The
global production of Aluminium was 32 million tons. High
levels of Aluminium could cause serious health
problems.
 In addition, people with diminished kidney function and
older people, who were exposed to high levels of
Aluminium from the air or have stored high levels of
Aluminium in their bodies, are more likely to develop
Aluminium toxicity.

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Aluminium

 How to Avoid Abusing It

 Aluminium content in must be restrained by managing
the packaging methods.

 Workers in the industries that use Aluminium in making
their products must avoid being exposed to Aluminium
too much. They should limit their selves in being
exposed to high levels of Aluminium

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Nitrogen
 Characteristics

Classification: Nitrogen is a gas and a nonmetal
Color: colorless
Atomic weight: 14.0067
State: gas
Melting point: -210.1 oC, 63.05 K
Boiling point: -195.8 oC, 77.4 K
Shells: 2,5
Electron configuration: 1s2 2s2 2p3
Density @ 20oC: 0.0012506 g/cm3
Structure: hcp: hexagonal close-packed

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Nitrogen

 Nitrogen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, diatomic and
generally inert gas at standard temperature and
pressure.

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Nitrogen

 Usefulness
 It is used in food preservation, fertilizers, explosives, in
many electrical parts such as transistors, in high voltage
equipment, to manufacture stainless steel, military fuel,
Liquid nitrogen
 Used to preserve blood, sperm and egg and other
biological samples.

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Nitrogen


 Largely contributes in climate change, and biodiversity
loss.
 Contributes in the process of acid rain in the form of
nitrogen oxides because nitrogen reacts with water.
 Nitrogen oxides pollutes in wet depositions, it turns the
atmospheric water vapor to acid and dry by affecting
those which are close to the source.

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Nitrogen


 Nitrous oxide displaces oxygen which will result to
suffocations, and as it was said that nitrogen contributes
in acid rain by reacting to water it makes it very
dangerous to every human health.

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Nitrogen

 How it is Abused

 Like in most things we can abuse it by overusing it. By
overusing it in many fertilizers which would lead to
nitrogen pollution in land and pollute those plants which
is planted on the place where it is polluted.

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Nitrogen

 How to Avoid Abusing it

 Human should be careful in handling nitrogen because
when handling large amount of nitrogen and inhaling it
they would lack the oxygen they need.
 Using oxygen tanks may be required.

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Sulfur

 Characteristics
Classification: Sulfur is a chalcogen and a nonmetal
Color: yellow
State: solid
Shells: 2,8,6
Electron configuration: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4
Structure: S8 rings
Hardness: 2 mohs

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Sulfur

 Characteristics

 Sulfur is a soft, pale yellow, odorless, brittle solid. It is
insoluble in water, but soluble in carbon disulfide. It
burns with a blue flame, oxidizing to sulfur dioxide.

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Sulfur

 Usefulness

 Used in black gunpowder, matches, and fireworks, in the
vulcanization of rubber, as a fungicide, insecticide, and
fumigant; in the manufacture of fertilizers; and in the
treatment of certain skin diseases.

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Sulfur


 Largely contributes on forming acid rain, which will
acidified soils, lakes and streams, it also accelerates
corrosions of buildings and reduced visibility

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Sulfur


 If there is a high concentration of sulfur dioxide, it can
result to the breathing problems of asthmatic children
and adults. Exposure would lead to chest tightness,
shortness of breath and wheezing.
 With a longer exposure it would result to respiratory
illness, weakening of lung’s defence and worsening of a
cardio vascular disease.

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Sulfur


 Manufacturers allow sulfur to escape into the
atmosphere allowing it to oxidize and contribute to acid
rain.

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Sulfur


 Since it is dangerous to get sulfur escape in its
manufacturing, it should always be taken with
precautions because sulfur is dangerous if one inhales it
or if one is exposed to it.

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Fluorine
 Characteristics

Classification: Fluorine is a halogen and a nonmetal
Color: pale yellow
State: gas
Shells: 2,7
Structure: cubic crystals in solid phase

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Fluorine

 Characteristics
 Fluorine is the most reactive and the most
electronegative of all the elements.
 Fluorine is a pale yellow, diatomic, highly
corrosive, flammable gas, with a pungent odor. It is the
lightest halogen.
 It reacts violently with water to produce oxygen and the
extremely corrosive hydrofluoric acid.

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Fluorine

 Usefulness

 Used in rocket fuels, in production of polymers and
plastics, and a common ingredient in toothpastes.
 Fluoride is used to prevent tooth decay and thus added
to toothpastes and mouth washes.
 Used in the purification of public water supplies. This has
shown to reduce the incidence of dental carries and
other dental problems greatly.

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Fluorine


 Too much fluoride, whether taken in form the soil by
roots, or absorbed from the atmosphere by the leaves,
retards the growth of plants and reduces crop yields.
Those more affected are corns and apricots.
 In the environment fluorine cannot be destroyed; it can
only change form.
 Animals that are exposed to high concentrations of
fluorine suffer from dental decay and bone degradation.

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Fluorine

 Humans are exposed to fluorine through food and
drinking water and by breathing air.
 Fluorine is essential for the maintenance of solidity of
our bones. Fluorine can also protect us from dental
decay, if it is applied through toothpaste twice a day.
 If fluorine is absorbed too frequently, it can cause teeth
decay, osteoporosis and harm to kidneys, bones, nerves
and muscles.
 Fluorine gas is released in the industries. This gas is
very dangerous, as it can cause death at very high
concentrations.

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Fluorine

 How the it is Abused

 Fluorine is a pale yellow, diatomic, highly
corrosive, flammable gas, with a pungent odor.
 It is the lightest halogen. It reacts violently with water
to produce oxygen and the extremely corrosive
hydrofluoric acid.
 Manufacturers release fluorine accidentally to the
environment in some instances.

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Fluorine


 People must be careful in using it because Fluorine is
highly toxic and corrosive. When Fluorine gas contacts
other chemicals, it results in flames and fluorine gas is
so reactive that when it flows onto a brick, the brick
ignites.

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Neon
 Characteristics

Classification: Neon is a noble gas and a nonmetal
Color: colorless
State: gas
Shells: 2,8

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Neon

 Characteristics

 Neon is a light, very inert gas.
 Colorless under normal conditions, it glows a reddish-
orange in a vacuum discharge tube.
 Neon forms no known stable compounds.

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Neon

 Usefulness

 It is used in glow lamps, electron tubes, neon light
signs, fluorescent tubes, gas lasers, television tubes,
vacuum tubes

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Neon


 No threat to the environment
 It is chemically not reactive and doesn’t form
compounds

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Neon

 Through inhalation humans may experience suffocation,
dizziness, vomiting, nausea, unconsciousness, death

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Neon

 How It is Abused

 Too much use of neon lights lead to pollution and the
use of electricity increases which has negative effects in
the long run.

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Neon

 The use of neon lights must be reduced and it should be
used with other elements.

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Radium
 Characteristics

Classification: Radium is an alkali earth metal
Color: silvery white
Atomic weight: (226), no stable isotopes
State: solid
Melting point: 700 oC, 973 K
Boiling point: 1500 oC, 1773 K
Shells: 2,8,18,32,18,8,2
Electron configuration: [Rn] 7s2
Structure: bcc: body-centered cubic

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Radium

 Characteristics

 Radium is a silvery-white metal. It is highly radioactive
and its decay product, radon gas, is also radioactive.
One result of radium’s intense radioactivity is that the
metal and its compounds glow in the dark.

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Raduim

 Usefulness

 It is used in self-luminous paints, aircraft switches,
clocks, nuclear panels, instrument dials, source of
radiation to treat cancer and the production of radon gas

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Raduim


 It causes a higher risk of deforestation

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Raduim

 With longer exposure, it can result to anemia, leukemia,
cataracts, fractured teeth, replacement of calcium in
bones, death, higher risk of cancer to all tissues and
organs

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Raduim


 Humans allow too much exposure of the element in the
environment causing an increase in radiation.

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Raduim


 Safety precaution must always be used and exposure to
radiation must be minimized.

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Lead

 Characteristics
Classification: Lead is an ‘other metal’
Color: bluish gray
State: solid
Shells: 2,8,18,32,18,4
Electron configuration: [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2
Hardness: 1.5 mohs

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Lead

 Characteristics

 Lead is a bluish-gray, soft, dense metal that has a bright
luster when freshly cut.
 It tarnishes slowly in moist air to form a dull gray
coating.
 The metal is highly ductile and malleable.
 Lead is extremely resistant to corrosion and is a poor
conductor of electricity.

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Lead

 Usefulness

 Lead is used in lead-acid batteries, bullets and shots,
weights, as part of solders, pewters, fusible alloys, and as a
radiation shield.

 Lead is added to brass to reduce machine tool wear. In the
form of strips, or tape, lead is used for the customization of
tennis rackets. Tennis rackets of the past sometimes had
lead added to them by the manufacturer to increase weight.

 Lead has many uses in the construction industry.

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Lead

 Deteriorating lead-based paint in older houses, and
mining and smelting communities leave high
concentrations of lead in air, water and soil.
 Lead has only harmful effects on our health, and each
time we are exposed to lead some of it is stored in our
bodies for the rest of our lives.
 Even small amounts of lead in our environment can be
harmful if we are continually exposed.

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Lead
 Lead is a highly poisonous metalaffecting almost every
organ and system in the body. The main target for lead
toxicity is the nervous system, both in adults and
children.
 Long-term exposure of adults can result in decreased
performance in some tests that measure functions of the
nervous system.
 It is rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream and is
believed to have adverse effects on the central nervous
system, the cardiovascular system, kidneys, and the
immune system.

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Lead


 It is abused when used as paint on children’s toys and
when handled irresponsibly allowing it to be released in
the environment.

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Lead


 It should be handled with care and avoid skin contact.
 Don't try to inhale it.
 The use of it should be lessened in order to lessen lead
poisoning.

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Manganese

 Characteristics
 Manganese is a transition metal
 Color: gray-white
 Atomic weight: 54.9380
 State: solid
 Melting point: 1250 oC, 1523 K
 Boiling point: 2060 oC, 2333 K
 Shells: 2,8,13,2
 Electron configuration: [Ar] 3d5 4s2
 Density @ 20oC: 7.43 g/cm3
 Atomic volume: 7.4 cm3/mol
 Structure: complex (cubic)
 Hardness: 6.0 mohs

Manganese

 Characteristics

 Manganese is a gray-white, hard, brittle, metal that can
take a high polish. It is not magnetic. The metal
tarnishes on exposure to air and, when heated, oxidizes
to manganese(II, III) oxide (Mn3O4).

Manganese

 Usefulness

 Manganese is essential to iron and steel production. The
second large application for manganese is as alloying
agent for aluminium.
 A compound of manganese is used as an additive in
unleaded gasoline to boost octane rating and reduce
engine knocking.

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Manganese


 There are higher levels of manganese in natural bodies
of water and it is known to cause cognitive impairment
ad reduced intellectual capacity. The same may be to
animals.

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Manganese

Manganese overexposure is most frequently associated
with manganism, a rare neurological disorder associated
with excessive manganese ingestion or inhalation.
Manganism is a biphasic disorder.
 Symptoms include weakness, monotone and slowed
speech, an expressionless face, tremor, forward-leaning
gait, inability to walk backwards without falling, rigidity,
and general problems with dexterity, gait and balance.
 It becomes more severe over time even if the source of
exposure is removed and brain manganese levels return
to normal.

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Manganese


 Chronic manganese toxicity would harm us if we abuse
the use of manganese. Manganese compounds are less
toxic than those of other widespread metals, such as
nickel and copper. Manganese poisoning has been linked
to impaired motor skills and cognitive disorders.

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Manganese


 For the workers who work with manganese, Avoid being
over exposed so not to have manganism. it should be
used as little amounts only so not to absorb all its
harmful effects.

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Arsenic

 Characteristics
Classification: Arsenic is a metalloid
Color: gray
State: solid
Melting point: 817 oC, 1090 K
Shells: 2,8,18,5
Electron configuration: [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p3
Structure: rhombohedral; layers of 6-member rings
Hardness: 3.5 mohs

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Arsenic
 Characteristics

 Arsenic occurs in three distinct solid forms.
 Gray arsenic is the most common. It has a metallic
sheen and conducts electricity.
 Yellow arsenic is metastable, is a poor electrical
conductor and does not have a metallic sheen. It is
prepared by cooling gray arsenic vapor in liquid air. It
reverts to gray arsenic at room temperature.
 Black arsenic can be prepared by cooling arsenic vapor
at 100oC – 200 oC. It is glassy, brittle and a poor
electrical conductor.

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Arsenic

 Usefulness

 It is used in combination with other materials in
pigments, poison gases and insecticides (such as Paris
Green, calcium arsenate and lead arsenate) and is well
known from former use as a rat poison.
 Used in ammunition manufacturing because it helps to
create harder and rounder bullets.

 Used in small quantities in semi-conductor
manufacturing.

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Arsenic
 Arsenic is a naturally occurring element that is normally
present throughout our environment in water, soil, dust, air,
and food.
 Emissions from metal-refining smelters have contaminated
soil with arsenic.
 The arsenic from farming and smelting tends to bind
strongly to soil and is expected to remain near the surface
of the land for hundreds of years as a long-term source of
exposure.
 Some underground aquifers are located in rock or soil that
has naturally high arsenic content. Well water pumped from
these aquifers can have arsenic levels that exceed public
health safety standards.

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Arsenic

 Swallowing relatively large amounts of arsenic (even just
one time) can cause mild symptoms, serious illness, or
death. Milder effects may include swelling of the
face, nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, or diarrhea.
 Serious effects may include coma, internal bleeding, or
nerve damage causing weakness or loss of sensation in
the hands, arms, feet, or legs.

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Arsenic

 Arsenic was before released into the environment
without care and precautions in the form of pesticides
and now some farmlands are contaminated and will be
contaminated for a very very long time.

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Arsenic

 The use of astatine in the open environment should be
avoided if not exterminated completely. It has a lot of
harmful effects and should be phased out.

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Mercury
 Characteristics

Classification: Mercury is a transition metal
Color: silvery-white
State: liquid
Shells: 2,8,18,32,18,2
Electron configuration: [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2
Structure: solid is rhombohedral

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Mercury

 Characteristics

 Mercury is a dense, silvery-white, poisonous metal with
a mirror-like appearance.
 It is the only common metal that is liquid at room
temperature. Mercury evaporates slowly at room
temperature.

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Mercury

 Usefulness
 Used in thermometers and teeth fillings for its unique
properties.

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Mercury

 Organic mercury tends to increase up the food chain,
particularly in lakes. Worms and insects in the mud
extract and concentrate the organic mercury.
 Small fish that eat these critters further concentrate the
mercury in their bodies. This concentration process,
known as "bioaccumulation", continues as larger fish eat
smaller fish until the top predator fish.

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Mercury

 It still used in household and commercial products, as
well as industrial processes. Coal-fired power plants,
incinerators, some manufacturing plants, hospitals,
dental offices, schools and even homes have all been
found to release mercury.
 In the home, mercury can be found in fluorescent lights,
thermostats, thermometers, and even some children's
toys.
 At school, mercury may be in science and chemistry
classrooms, the nurse's office and electrical systems.

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Mercury


 Common symptoms of mercury poisoning
include peripheral neuropathy (itching, burning or pain),
skin discoloration (pink cheeks, fingertips and toes),
swelling, and desquamation (shedding of skin).

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Mercury


 When in use, mercury must not come in contact with the
skin or be ingested in anyway. Professionals must be
called to handle mercury spills.

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Abuse me and you’ll see - Group 1 - St. Charles

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