3. Definition:
Treatment machine that uses
high-frequency electromagnetic
waves to accelerate charged
particles such as electrons to high
energies via a linear tube
6. Second Generations (1962-1982):
• 360 degree rotational
• Allow treatment to a patent
from any gantry angle
• Improvement in accuracy and
dose delivery
7. Third generation accelerators:
• Improved accelerator guide
• Magnet systems
• Beam-modifying systems to provide wide ranges of
beam energy, dose rate, field size
• Operating modes with improved beam
characteristics
• Highly reliable
• Compact design
• May include: dual photon energies, multileaf
collimation, several electron energies & electronic
portal verification systems
9. Modulator Cabinet
Contains components that distribute and monitor primary
electrical power and high-voltage pulses to the magnetron or
klystron
Located in the treatment room
Three major components
The fan control: automatically turns the fans off and
on as the need arises for cooling the power
distribution
Auxiliary power-distribution system: contains the
emergency off button that shuts off the power to
the treatment unit.
Primary power-distribution system
20. Klystron
A linear beam microwave amplifier requiring
an external oscillator or radiofrequency (RF)
source driver
Microwave frequencies needed for linear
accelerator operation are about three
billion cycles per second
A form of radiowave amplifier, multiplies
the amount of introduced radiowaves
greatly.
21. Magnetron
Device that provides high-frequency
microwave power that is used to accelerate
the electrons in the accelerating waveguide.
Electrons are emitted from the cathode and
spiral in the perpendicular magnetic field. The
interaction of the spiraling electrons with the
cavities in the anode creates the high-
frequency EM waves.
28. Treatment head
Following are the components of
treatment head
Bending magnet
X-ray target
Primary collimator
Beam flattening filter
Ion chamber
Secondary collimators
Field light
32. bends the electron beam through a right
angle, so it ends up pointed at the patient
90 degree magnets (chromatic) have
the property that any energy spread
results in spatial dispersion of the
beam.
Electrons are bent in proportion with
their energy, the lower energy
electrons are bent more, the higher
energy electrons less
Results in a beam that is spread from
side to side according to energy
44. Mounted on a rotational axis
around the isocenter
Move mechanically in a
horizontal and lengthwise
direction- must be smooth and
accurate allowing for precise
and exact positioning of the
isocenter during treatment
positioning
Range in width from 45-50 cm