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53 sep-oct2006
- 3. 3 =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ=∂~°æO ! ÃãÃÑìO|~ü – JHÀì|~ü 2006
ÃãÃÑìO|~ü – JHÀì|~ü 2006
ã¨OѨ٘ 6 ã¨OzHõ 1–5 ã¨OYº 20
D ã¨OzHõÖ’......
K«O^•Å∞, ~°K«#Å∞ ѨOѨ=Åã≤# z~°∞<å=∂ :
a.*’ºu
Z_ç@~ü, =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ=∂~°æO
3–6–779/6, gkä <≥O.14, Ç≤Ï=∂Ü«∞`ü#QÆ~ü
ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~åÉÏ^£ – 29
á¶È<£ – 040 27625245
^≥·fi=∂ã≤Hõ Ѩ„uHõ
Hõ=~ü _ç*ˇ·<£, =Ú„^Œ} : K«i`« WO„ÃÑ+¨<£û
=∞Ç≤ÏàÏ=∂~°æO
q_çHÍÑ‘ – ~°∞.10/–
ã¨O=`«û~° K«O^• – ~°∞.50/–
rq`« K«O^• – ~°∞.300/–
ã¨Oáê^ŒHõ=~°æO
a.*’ºu (Z_ç@~ü)
a.J#∂~å^èŒ
_®.Ñ≤.q[Ü«∞ÅH˜∆‡
Ñ≤.[Ü«∞
Ñ≤.J#Å
ã¨ÅǨ=∞O_»e
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HÍ`åºÜ«∞x q^Œ‡¿ÇÏ
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HÍ`åºÜ«∞x
â◊tHõà◊
mahilamargam@rediffmail.com
"¨ã¨Oáê^ŒH©Ü«∞O : „ѨuѶ¨∞@<Õ W"åeì Hõ~°Î=ºO 3
" ã¨O㨇~°} : ^Œ$_è» ã¨OHõÖÏÊxH˜ =∞~À¿Ñ~°∞ ~°l`« – ~å^èŒ 5
" K«i„`«Ö’=∞Ç≤Ïà◊ : Pk"åã‘, Ô~·`åOQÆ L^Œº=∂ÅÖ’ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å áê„`« – q. QÍiæ 8
" Hõ^äŒ : Ѩ^ŒÌ=∞‡ ZO`« ÃÑ^ŒÌOQÆ∞O@^À! – _®.Ñ≤.q[Ü«∞ÅH˜∆‡ 14
"¢ã‘ÎÅ∞ – ~å[ºÇ≤ÏO㨠: Ѩk¿ÇÏ_»∞ <≥ÅÖ’¡ 46 =∞Ok =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å#∞ ǨÏ`«=∂iÛ#
"≥·Zãπ „ѨÉèí∞`«fiO – a.J#∂~å^èŒ 16
" "åºã¨O : „Ѩ`ÕºHõ `≥ÅOQÍ} L^Œº=∂xfl =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞ ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ |ÅѨ~°Kåe – ÉÏQÍ=∞u 19
" g∞_çÜ«∂Ö’¢ã‘Î : '=∂`«$„¿Ñ=∞ ÔQÅ∞Ѩٗ HÍ^Œ∞–Ñ≤`«$™êfi=∞º ÉèÏ=*ÏÅO... – ã≤ÃÇÏKü ~ÀÇ≤Ï}˜ 23
" "åºã¨O : 'ã¨ÖÏfiA_»∞O— HÍ^Œ∞ ã¨~å¯s AÅ∞O – a.ã¨∞jÅ 25
"iáÈ~°∞ì : Öˇ·OyHõ "ÕkèOѨÙʼnõΩ QÆ∞~“`«∞#fl L^Àºy#∞ʼnõΩ..... – a.*’ºu 28
" Hõq`« : [~° Éèí„^ŒO a_®¤! – N^Õq 30
"iáÈ~°∞ì : JdÅÉèÏ~°`« Ããq∞<å~ü 31
"ã¨ÊO^Œ# : WOHÍ... 'PÜ«∞# ÃÑàÏ¡O PÜ«∞x+¨ìO— ~ÀAÖË<å? – _®.Ñ≤.q[Ü«∞ÅH˜∆‡ 34
"áÈ~å@„ã¨=OuÖ’.... : 35
" "åºã¨O : „¿Ñ=∞, áêu„=`«ºO, "Õâߺ=$uÎ – ÃÑiÜ«∂~ü 48
" "åºYº : H˘O_»<åÅ∞Hõ‰õΩ =∞O^Õ¿ãÎ... – ã≤ÃÇÏKü ~ÀÇ≤Ï}˜ 51
"áê~î°‰õΩÅ"ÕkHõ : „Ѩ`åº=∂flÜ«∞ ã¨O㨯$ux xi‡^•ÌO – J=∞$`« 53
"ÖËY : – =∞}˜ 56
- 4. 4 =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ=∂~°æO ! ÃãÃÑìO|~ü – JHÀì|~ü 2006
QÆ∞iÎOѨ٠=∂~°∞ʉõΩ ^•ifÜ«∂Å<Õ PHÍOHõ∆`À
=∞#ã¨=∂[O ¢ã‘ÎÅ#∞XHõ~°HõOQÍ#∂ѨÙ~°∞+¨µÅ#∞=∞~À~°HõOQÍ#∂x~°fizOzOk.¢ã‘ÎxѨÙ~°∞+¨µ_çH˜ÉÏxã¨QÍ
=∂ˆ~Û„Hõ=∞OÖ’<ÕDx~°fiK«<åÅ∞=KåÛ~Ú.|ÅOQÍ"Õà◊¥§#∞‰õΩ<åfl~Ú.D~ÀAJqZO`«QÍ=∞#rq`«OÖ’'ã¨Ç¨Ï[O—
J~ÚáÈÜ«∂Ü«∞O>Ë Jã¨Å∞ =∞#O `Õ_® =ÙO^Œx QÆ∞iÎOK«ÖË#O`«QÍ. '¢ã‘ΠѨÙ~°∞+¨µe^ŒÌ~°∞ =∞#∞+¨µÖË Hõ^•– "åà◊§ =∞^茺
D `Õ_® ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ =ÙOk— J<Õ PÖ’K«# ‰õÄ_® ~å#O`«QÍ Jq =∞#‰õΩ JÅ"å@~ÚáÈÜ«∂~Ú. =∞i D Ѩiã≤÷u
=∂~åÛÅO>Ë–XHõq+¨Ü«∂xflQÆ∞iοãÎ`«~åfi`«^•xfl=∂ˆ~Û,=∂~°∞Û‰õΩ<ՄѨܫ∞`«flOKÕÜ«∞QÆÅO.
'QÆ∞iÎOK«_»O—J<Õ"≥Ú^Œ˜J_»∞QÆ∞"ÕÜ«∞_®xH˜ 'q=Hõ∆— ji¬Hõ#∞„áê~°OaèOKåO.Wkáê~î°‰õΩÅji¬Hõ.
'L"≥∞<£ =~°Öò¤— Jx ¿Ñ~°∞ ÃÑ@∞ì‰õΩ#fl ëêѨÙÅ∞ Jhfl =O˜O˜ ™ê=∂#∞Å<Õ J=∞‡_»O ^ŒQÆæ~° #∞Oz, á¶êºHõìsÖ’¡
=∞Ç≤ÏàÏ HÍi‡‰õΩʼnõΩ `«‰õΩ¯= "Õ`«<åÅ∞ ~Ú=fi_»O ^•HÍ „Ѩux`«ºO ¢ã‘ÎÅ∞ Z^Œ∞~˘¯<Õ q=Hõ∆ QÆ∞iÎOz `«=∞ J#∞Éèí"åÅ
#∞O_ç, ѨijÅ# #∞O_ç áê~î°‰õΩÅ∞ ~åã≤ ѨOáêÅx HÀ~°∞`«∞<åflO. =∞#Ö’ =∞#ˆH `≥b‰õΩO_® ¿Ñ~°∞‰õΩáÈ~Ú#
áê`«|∂A#∞=keOK«∞HÀ=_®xH˜‰õÄ_®Dji¬HõLѨÜ≥∂QÆѨ_®Å<Õ^ÕPHÍOHõ∆.
'ã¨ÊO^Œ#— ^•K«∞HÀ_®xH˜ HÍ^Œ∞ ѨOK«∞HÀ_®xH˜!
x`«ºrq`«OÖ’ '¢ã‘ÎÅ∞—QÍ =∞#O Z<Àfl J#∞Éèí"åÅ#∞ Z^Œ∞~˘¯O@∞<åflO. =∞# K«∞@∂ì Z<Àfl
ã¨OѶ¨∞@#Ö’¡ ¢ã‘ÎÅ∞ ÉÏ^èŒÅ‰õΩ QÆ∞~°=Ù`«∞<åfl~°∞. H˘xfl™ê~°∞¡ ¢ã‘ÎÅ∞ "å˜x Z^Œ∞~˘¯O@∂ =ÙOÏ~°∞. XHÀ¯™êi
q[Ü«∞=O`«=∞=Ù`å~°∞. XHÀ¯™êi qѶ¨Å"≥∞ÿ<å qÅ∞"≥·# QÆ∞}áê~îåÅ#∞ <Õ~°∞ÛH˘x =ÚO^Œ∞‰õΩ "≥à◊¥Î
=ÙOÏ~°∞. W=hfl =∞#H© [~°Q˘K«∞Û ‰õÄ_®. WÖÏO˜ ã¨O^Œ~åƒùÖ’¡ =∞#O^ŒiÖ’ U^À XHõ Hõ∆}OÖ’<Õ
HÍ=K«∞Û– nxfl JO^ŒiH© K≥áêÊe, JO^Œi`À ѨOK«∞HÀ"åe, nxfl ~åã≤ JO^Œi`À K«kqOKåe J<Õ
ÉèÏ=O HõÅ∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. =∞#O QÆ=∞xOz# XHõ q+¨Ü«∂xfl, =∞#O <Õ~°∞Û‰õΩ#fl XHõ q+¨Ü«∂xfl, ÖË^•
=∞#O K«eOzáÈ~Ú# ã¨OѶ¨∞@#x QÍh =∞#Ö’<Õ ^•K«∞HÀ"åÅxÑ≤OK«^Œ∞, ѨOK«∞HÀ"åÅxÑ≤ã¨∞ÎOk.
JO^Œ∞HÀã¨"Õ∞ D 'ã¨ÊO^Œ#— ji¬Hõ.
W<åflà◊√§QÍ "≥eH˜f¿ã "ÕkHõ ÖËHõ g∞Ö’ ^•y =Ù#fl J<ÕHõ ÉèÏ"åʼnõÄ, PÖ’K«#ʼnõÄ, ã¨ÊO^Œ#‰õÄ
JHõ∆~°~°∂áêxfl=fiO_ç. g∞~°∞ ~åÜ«∂Å#∞‰õΩ#fl ã¨OѶ¨∞@#Åx ã¨ÊO^Œ# ji¬HõH˜ ѨOѨO_ç. <åÅ∞QÆ∞QÀ_»Å
=∞^茺 =∞#efl |OkèOz, =∞#efl XHõi`À XHõix HõÅ=‰õΩO_® =∞# PÖ’K«#efl ѨOK«∞HÀx=fi‰õΩO_®
KÕã¨∞Î#fl ã¨=∂[ Hõ@∞ìÉÏ@¡#∞ KèÕk^•ÌO. =∞# ã¨ÊO^Œ#efl ѨOK«∞H˘O^•O! D ji¬Hõ g∞k.
- 5. 5 =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ=∂~°æO ! ÃãÃÑìO|~ü – JHÀì|~ü 2006
„ѨuѶ¨∞@<Õ W"åeì Hõ~°Î=ºO
ã¨Oáê^ŒH©Ü«∞O
Jk ‰õΩ@∞O|O ֒ѨŠѨÙ~°∞+¨™êfi=∞º Ç≤ÏO㨠HÍ=K«∞Û, ã¨=∂[OÖ’ JO`«~åÅ
=º=ã¨÷#∞ HÍáê_ÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ J„QÆ=~°‚ JǨÏOHÍ~°OQÍ<À, Ç≤ÏO^Œ∂ =∞`À<å‡^ŒOQÍ<À ¢ã‘ÎÅg∞^Œ
J=∞ÅÜÕ∞º Ç≤ÏO㨠HÍ=K«∞Û, `«=∞ ã¨=∞㨺ŠѨiëê¯~°O HÀã¨O áÈ~å_»∞`«∞#fl
L^Œº=∞HÍ~°∞Å g∞^Œ, JO^Œ∞Ö’#∂ „Ѩ`ÕºHõOQÍ ¢ã‘ÎÅg∞^Œ ™êQÆ∞`«∞#fl Ç≤ÏO㨠HÍ=K«∞Û –
W"åà◊ ZHõ¯_» K«∂¿ãÎ JHõ¯_», Z@∞ K«∂¿ãÎ J@∞ ¢ã‘ÎÅg∞^Œ "ÕkèOѨÙ, Ç≤ÏOã¨, ^Ò~°˚#ºO,
J`åºKå~åÅ∞, Ñ‘_»# Hõ#|_»∞`«∞<åfl~Ú. Wq PÖ’K«<åѨ~°∞ÅO^ŒiÖ’#∂ PO^Àà◊#
ˆ~ÔHuÎã¨∞Î<åfl~Ú. J~Ú`Õ ã¨=∂[OÖ’ D ~°HõOQÍ ÃÑiyáÈ`«∞#fl Ç≤ÏO㨠QÆ∞iOz, „Ѩ`ÕºH˜Oz
¢ã‘ÎÅ g∞^Œ Ç≤ÏO㨠QÆ∞iOz PO^Àà◊# K≥O^Õ"åà◊¡O^Œ~°∂ QÆ∞iÎOK«=Åã≤# JOâßÅ∞ H˘xfl
L<åfl~Ú. D Ç≤ÏOã¨Ö’ Z‰õΩ¯=ÉèÏQÆO ¢ã‘ÎÅ#∞ J}z=ÙOK«_®xH˜, `«~°`«~åÅ∞QÍ
J#∞Éèíqã¨∞Î#fl ^Œ∞ã≤÷uÖ’<Õ LOK«_®xH˜ [~°∞QÆ∞`ÀOk. D J}z"Õ`« ÅHõ∆ºO – ¢ã‘ÎÅ
ã¨$[<å`«‡Hõ`«#∞ J_»¤yOK«_»O. ¢ã‘ÎÅ∞ `«=∞O`«@ `å=Ú ã¨OѶ¨∞˜`«O H͉õΩO_® K«∂_»_»O.
¢ã‘ÎÅ∞ „ѨtflOKÕ`«`åfixfl, áÈ~å@ K≥·`«<åºxfl JÅ=~°∞K«∞HÀ‰õΩO_® K«∂_»_»O. áÈ~åÏÖ’¡H˜
ÃÑ^ŒÌã¨OYºÖ’ =ã¨∞Î#fl ¢ã‘ÎÅ∞ <åÜ«∞Hõ`«fi™ê÷<åÖ’¡H˜ ~å‰õΩO_® "≥ÚQÆæÖ’<Õ `«∞Oz"ÕÜ«∞_»O.
¢ã‘ÎÅg∞^Œ W@∞=O˜ „Ѩ`ÕºHõ"≥∞ÿ# J}z"Õ`«‰õΩ XHõ „Ѩ`ÕºHõ ã¨O^Œ~°ƒùO LOk.
„ѨѨOpHõ~°} `«~åfi`« Ç≤ÏO^Œ∂ =∞`À<å‡^Œ á¶êã≤[O ÃÑiyáÈ`«∞#fl `«~°∞}OÖ’ „Ѩ[Å
x`«ºrq`« ã¨=∞㨺Å#∞ Ѩi+¨¯iOK«ÖËx áêÅHõ=~åæʼnõΩ J}z"Õ`« `«Ñ¨Ê =∞~À =∂~°æO
ÖË^Œ∞. „Ѩ[Å#∞Oz "≥Å∞=_Õ U „Ѩâ◊flÔH·<å áêʼnõΩÅ ^ŒQÆæ~° L#flk XHõ>Ë ["å|∞ – Jk
ÖÏsî, `«∂Ï, *ˇ·Å∞, 'Z<£H“O@~ü— ǨÏ`«º. ¢ã‘ÎÅ q+¨Ü«∂xH˜ =KÕÛã¨iH˜ H˘#™êQÆ∞`«∞#fl
Ñ≤`«$™êfiq∞Hõ qÅ∞=ʼn=Å¡, D J}z"Õ`« ~°∂áêʼnõΩ `À_»∞ Öˇ·OyHõÇ≤ÏO㨠‰õÄ_®
`À_»=Ù`«∞Ok. PO„^茄Ѩ^ÕâòÖ’ qK«ÛÅq_çQÍ 'Z<£H“O@~°¡—Ö’ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å#∞ K«OѨÙ`«∞<åfl~°<åfl,
Kè«fÎãπѶ¨∞_£Ö’ ™êÖÏfiA_»∞O ¿Ñi@ Pk"åã‘ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊ÅÃÑ· ™ê=¸Ç≤ÏHõ J`åºKå~åʼnõΩ
áêÅÊ_»∞`«∞<åfl~°<åfl, Dâß#º ~å¢ëêìÅÖ’ ^Õâ◊"åºÑ¨ÎOQÍ Jxfl r=#~°OQÍÅÖ’x =∞Ç≤Ïà◊ÅÃÑ·
Ç≤ÏOã¨, J}z"Õ`« ™êQÆ∞`«∞<åflÜ«∞<åfl Jq D "åã¨Î=ã≤÷uH˜ ^Œ~°Ê}ÏÖË.
J~Ú`Õ D J}z"Õ`« ^Œ$âߺxH˜ =∞~˘Hõ áê~°≈fiO ‰õÄ_® LOk. J}z"Õ`« L#flKÀ@
„ѨuѶ¨∞@# `«Ñ¨Ê‰õΩO_® LO@∞Ok. J}z"Õ`« ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞`«∞#fl^ŒO>Ë P J}z"Õ`«‰õΩ
QÆ∞~°=Ù`«∞#fl =~åæÅ #∞Oz „ѨuѶ¨∞@# ‰õÄ_® Jx"å~°ºOQÍ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. ZѨC_»~Ú<å
áêÅHõ=~åæÅ∞ Ñ≤K≥ÛH˜¯#@∞ìQÍ „Ѩ=iÎã¨∂Î, qK«Hõ∆}Ï~°Ç≤Ï`«OQÍ Ç≤ÏOã¨#∞ „ѨÜ≥∂yã¨∞Î<åfl
Ü«∞O>Ë, P Ç≤ÏO™êHÍO_»#∞ „Ѩ[Å∞ J^Õ ™ê÷~ÚÖ’ „ѨuѶ¨∞˜ã¨∞Î<åfl~°x J~°÷O.
- 6. 6 =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ=∂~°æO ! ÃãÃÑìO|~ü – JHÀì|~ü 2006
„ѨѨOK« K«i„`« "≥Ú`«ÎOÖ’#∂ D q+¨Ü«∞O J<ÕHõ™ê~°∞¡
~°∞A=Ù J~ÚOk.
P „ѨuѶ¨∞@##∞ qã¨Î$`«O KÕÜ«∞_»O, P
„ѨuѶ¨∞@#‰õΩ q™êÎ~° „ѨKå~åxfl HõeÊOK«_»O, P
„ѨuѶ¨∞@##∞ ã¨=∞i÷OK«=Åã≤# J=ã¨~åxfl JO^Œi
^Œ$+≤ìH© `Õ=_»O W"åà◊ „Ѩ*Ï™êfiq∞Hõ"å^Œ∞Å =ÚO^Œ∞,
„Ѩ*Ï L^Œº=∂Å#∞ Q“~°qOKÕ"åi =ÚO^Œ∂ L#fl
Hõ~°Î=ºO. áêÅHõ=~åæÅ∞, PkèѨ`«ºâ◊‰õΩÎÅ∞ XHõ x~°O`«~°
J}z"Õ`« HÍ~°º„Hõ=∂xfl KÕѨ˜ì#ѨÙ_»∞, Jk ¿Ñ„>Ëy
áÈ`«∞#flѨÙ_»∞ P J}z"Õ`«#∞ Z^Œ∞~À¯=_®xH˜ WOHÍ
WOHÍ qâßÅ „Ѩ*Ï~åâ◊√Å#∞ ã≤^ŒúO KÕÜ«∞_»"Õ∞ UÔH·Hõ
=∂~°æO.
Jk J<ÕHõ™ê÷~ÚÅÖ’ LO_»=K«∞Û. J}z"Õ`«#∞
PѨ_®xH˜ K≥~Úº J_»¤O ÃÑ@ì_»O ÖÏO˜ Ju
=∂=¸Å∞ ~°∂áêÅ #∞Op, Jã¨Å∞ J}z"Õ`«Å
=º=ã¨÷#∞ ~°∂ѨÙ=∂¿Ñ |$ǨÏ`«Î~° áÈ~å@O ^•HÍ
Z<≥fl<Àfl ~°∂áêÅÖ’ „ѨuѶ¨∞@# =ºHõÎO KÕÜ«∞=K«∞Û.
=∞iO`«=∞Ok „Ѩ[Å#∞ „ѨuѶ¨∞@#‰õΩ ã≤^ŒúO
KÕÜ«∞=K«∞Û. q_çq_ç „Ñ¨uѶ¨∞@#Å#∞ XHõ qâßÅ
áÈ~å@OÖ’ ã¨"≥∞ÿHõºO KÕÜ«∞=K«∞Û. "≥Ú`«ÎO g∞^Œ
W"åeì Kåi„`«Hõ ã¨O^Œ~°ƒùO Jxfl Ñ‘_ç`« „Ѩ*Ï~åâ◊√Å
#∞Oz „ѨuѶ¨∞@##∞ HÀ~°∞`«∞#flk. #
áê~î°‰õΩʼnõΩ q[˝Ñ≤Î
Jx"å~°º HÍ~°}ÏÅ =Å# Ѩ„uHõ#∞ 14
<≥ÅÅáê@∞ J#QÍ U_»∞ ã¨OzHõÅ∞ fã¨∞‰õΩ
~åÖËHõáÈÜ«∂O. =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ=∂~°æO Ѩ„uHõ „Ѩ^è•#OQÍ
K≥·`«#º =∞Ç≤ÏàÏã¨=∂Yº HÍ~°ºHõÖÏáêÅÖ’ ÉèÏQÆOQÍ
"≥Å∞=_»∞`«∞#flk. ã¨OѶ¨∞O Z^Œ∞~˘¯<Õ P@∞áÈ@¡‰õΩ
Ѩ„uHõ ‰õÄ_® QÆ∞~°=fi_»O Jx"å~°º=∞ø`ÀOk. QÆ`«
Ô~O_»∞ ã¨O=`«û~åÅ∞QÍ "≥·Zãπ „ѨÉèí∞`«fiO
„Ѩ*Ïã¨OѶ¨∂ÅÃÑ·, L^Œº=∂ÅÃÑ· J=∞Å∞ [~°∞ѨÙ`«∞#fl
f„=x~°ƒO^èŒO QÆ∞iOz áê~î°‰õΩʼnõΩ `≥eÜ«∞Ok HÍ^Œ∞.
P x~°ƒO^è•xH˜ `å*Ï ã¨OzHõ XHõ ã¨r= ™êHõ∆ºO.
áê~î°‰õΩÅ∞ ã¨Ç¨Ï$^ŒÜ«∞O`À J~°÷O KÕã¨∞‰õΩOÏ~°x
ZѨʘÖψQ P^Œi™êÎ~°x Ptã¨∞Î<åflO. QÆ`« Ô~O_Õà◊√¡QÍ
=∂‰õΩ JOk# ~°K«#ÅÖ’ H˘xflO˜x =∂„`«"Õ∞
„ѨK«∞iOK«QÆÅ∞QÆ∞`«∞<åflO. „ѨK«∞iOz# "å˜Ö’ KåÖÏ
ã¨OѶ¨∞@#Å∞ áê`«|_ç#ѨʘH˜ "嘉õΩ#fl
q+¨Ü«∞„áê^è•#º`« =Å¡, PÜ«∂ ~°K«~Ú`«Å∞ "å˜x
qâı¡+≤Oz# Ѩ^Œúu =Å¡ „ѨK«∞iã¨∞Î<åflO.ZOÑ≤ÔH·#
=∞iH˘xfl ~°K«#Å∞ ~åÉ’ÜÕ∞ ã¨OzHõÅÖ’ „ѨK«∞i™êÎO.
–ã¨Oáê^ŒHõ=~°æO
^Œo`« =∞Ç≤Ïà◊
^Œo`«∞Å#∞ D ã¨=∂[O 'JO@~åx"åà◊√§—QÍ Dã¨_çã¨∞ÎOk. J==∂xã¨∞ÎOk. z#flK«∂Ѩ٠K«∂ã¨∞ÎOk. JÉèí„^Œ`«‰õΩ
Ö’#∞KÕã¨∞ÎOk. Ç≤ÏOã≤ã¨∞ÎOk. z=iH˜ „áê}ÏÅ∂ fã¨∞ÎOk. ^Œo`«∞Å∞QÍ Ñ¨Ù˜ì#O^Œ∞‰õΩ ^Œo`«∞Öˇ·# „Ѩu XHõ¯i rq`«OÖ’#∂
Z<Àfl~°HÍÖˇ·# J==∂<åÅ∞ Z^Œ∞~˘¯#fl ã¨OѶ¨∞@#Å∞ LO_Õ=ÙOÏ~Ú. "åi "åi =~åæxfl |˜ì "å~°∞ Z^Œ∞~˘¯#fl J==∂<åÅ
™ê÷~ÚÖ’ H˘xfl ÉèË^•Å∞O_»=K«∞Û. HÍh J==∂#O á⁄O^Œx ^Œo`«∞Å∞ LO_»~°O>Ë Juâ◊Ü≥∂H˜Î HÍ^Œ∞. ã¨=∂[OÖ’ D<å˜H©
=~°æ J}z"Õ`«`À áê@∞ ‰õΩÅ J}z"Õ`« ‰õÄ_® LOk. J}z"Õ`«‰õΩ QÆ∞~°=Ù`«∞#fl ^Œo`«∞ÅÖ’ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞ J^Œ#OQÍ Ñ≤`«$™êfi=∞ºO
=Å¡ ‰õÄ_® J}z"Õ`«‰õΩ QÆ∞~°=Ù`«∞<åfl~°∞. ^Œo`«∞Å∞QÍ QÍx, ^Œo`« =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞QÍ QÍx Z^Œ∞~˘¯#fl q=Hõ∆#∂ J}z"Õ`«#∂
"å˜x „ѨuѶ¨∞˜Oz# ã¨OѶ¨∞@#Å#∂ '=∞Ç≤ÏàÏ=∂~°æO—`À ѨOK«∞‰õΩO^•O! =∞# ÉÏ^èŒÅ#∞ ѨOK«∞HÀ=_»O =Å¡ =∞#ÖψQ ÉÏ^èŒÅ#∞
J#∞ÉèíqOz# =∞Ô~O^Œi<À D ji¬Hõ ^ŒQÆæ~°KÕã¨∞ÎOk. =∞#O XO@i"åà◊¡O HÍ^Œ#fl |ÖÏxflã¨∞ÎOk. =∞#O ã¨OѶ¨∞˜`«Ñ¨_»_®xH˜
^ÀǨÏ^ŒO KÕã¨∞ÎOk. =∞# P"Õ^Œ#H© „ѨuѶ¨∞@#H© '=∞Ç≤ÏàÏ=∂~°æO— "ÕkHõ HõeÊã¨∞ÎOk. "≥O@<Õ g∞ J#∞Éèí"åxfl ~åã≤ѨOѨO_ç.
- 7. 7 =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ=∂~°æO ! ÃãÃÑìO|~ü – JHÀì|~ü 2006
~°l`« áêÅ=¸~°∞ lÖÏ¡ áêÖˇO „QÍ=∞OÖ’ 1974 Ö’
Ѩ٘ìOk. ~°l`« „ѨÉèÏ=`«=∞‡, Hõ$+¨‚Ü«∞ºÅ‰õΩ W^ŒÌ~°∞ H˘_»∞‰õΩÅ
`«~åfi`« =¸_»= ã¨O`å#O. Hõ~°∞=ÙlÖÏ¡Ö’ ¿Ñ^Œ‰õΩ@∞O|O
JO^Œ∞Ö’#∂ L=∞‡_ç‰õΩ@∞O|OÖ’ Ѩ٘ì# P_»Ñ≤Å¡. ^•O`À
Z<Àfl Hõ@∞ìÉÏ@¡`À, ZO`À J}∞‰õΩ=QÍ ÃÑiy# J=∂‡~Ú.
z#flѨʘ#∞OKÕ ÉÏ^茺`«QÍ =ÙO_Õk, PÖ’zOKÕk. `≥·^ŒJO|e,
*Á#fl~˘>ˇì<Õ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ =ÙO_Õk. J#flO u#_»O Ѩ~°=∂#flO`À
ã¨=∂#OQÍ =ÙO_Õk. u#_®xH˜ uO_ç ÖËHõáÈ~Ú<å, HÍà◊§‰õΩ
K≥ѨCÅ∞ ÖËHõáÈ~Ú<å, ziy# |@ìÅ∞ =Ù#fl, K«^Œ=ÙHÀ_®xH˜
ѨÙã¨ÎHÍÅ∞ ÖËHõáÈ~Ú<å Ô~QÆ∞ºÅ~üQÍ ã¨∂¯Å∞ÔHàı§k. =∞m§ JO`Õ
ÉÏ^茺`«QÍ WO˜H˜ =zÛ# "≥O@<Õ WO˜Ñ¨xÖ’ J=∞‡‰õΩ
ã¨Ç¨Ü«∞O KÕ¿ãk. WO˜QÆ∞iOz ÉÏ^茺`«QÍ PÖ’zOKÕk 8=
`«~°QÆuÖ’<Õ z#fl H˜~å}Ï _»ÉσÃјì #_çÑ≤OzOk. ^•x`À
=KÕÛ ã¨Oáê^Œ#`À WO˜ÉÏ^茺`«#∞ fã¨∞‰õΩOk. JѨC_»Ñ¨C_»∂
_»Éσ֒ =KÕÛ =_»∞¡ ^ŒOK«_»OÖ’ J=∞‡‰õΩ ã¨Ç¨Ü«∞O KÕ¿ãk
"å˜`À J#flO =O_Õ"å~°∞. WO˜ Pi÷Hõ Ѩiã≤÷u QÆ∞iOz
=∂„`«"Õ∞ H͉õΩO_® z#fl"åà◊§~Ú# K≥Öˇ¡Å∞, `«=Ú‡_»∞ ÉÏ^茺`«
‰õÄ_® `«<Õ Ñ¨˜ìOK«∞‰õΩ<Õk "åà◊§K«^Œ∞=ÙÅ QÆ∞iOz,
"åà◊§ÉÏQÀQÆ∞Å QÆ∞iOz J=∞‡ÖÏQÍ Ñ¨˜ìOK«∞‰õΩ<Õk. JÖÏ 10=
`«~°QÆu =~°‰õΩ T~À¡<Õ K«kqOk.
Ñ≤Å¡Å∞ ÃÑ^ŒÌQÆ=Ù`«∞O_»_»O`À ÃÑo§Å∞¡ KÕÜ«∂Å#∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞.
HÍx T~À¡ u#_®xˆH uO_çÖËx Ѩiã≤÷`«∞Ö’¡ ÃÑO_ç¡Å∞¡
KÕÜ«∞ÖË=∞x |`«∞‰õΩ `≥~°∞=ÙHõx ѨÏflxH˜ =Å㨠=KåÛ~°∞. "Õã¨q
ÃãÅ=ÙÖ’¡ H˘"˘fi`«∞ÎÅ HõOÃÑhÖ’ KÕi ѨxKÕã¨∂Î >ˇÿѨ٠<Õ~°∞Û‰õΩ#flk.
ÃãÅ=ÙÅ∞ J~ÚáÈ~Ú# "≥O@<Õ QÆ=~°fl"≥∞O@∞ HÍÖËlÖ’
WO@~üÖ’ KÕiOk. JѨC_»∞ ‰õÄ_® á⁄^Œ∞Ì<Õfl ÖËz WO˜Ñ¨#∞Åhfl
KÕã≤ HÍÖËrH˜ "≥àı§k. =zÛ# `«~åfi`« WO’¡ Ѩ#∞Å∞ KÕã≤
H˜~å}ÏH˘@∞ìÖ’ J=∞‡‰õΩ ã¨Ç¨Ü«∞OQÍ =ÙO_Õk. =∞m§ Ѷ¨ã≤ìÜ«∞~ü
ÃãÅ=ÙÖ’¡ =∞ÅH±¿Ñ@Ö’ =Ù#fl ‰õΩ@∞ìq∞+¨<£ ÃãO@~ü‰õΩ
ã¨~°∂~ü#QÆ~ü #∞Oz #_çz"≥o§ <Õ~°∞ÛH˘<Õk. Lz`«OQÍ
ëê~üìǨºO_£ <ÕiÊã¨∞Î<åfl~°O>Ë JHõ¯_çH© "≥àı§k.
á⁄^Œ∞Ì#fl 4 QÆO@ʼnõΩ ÖËz K«k"Õk. J=∂‡~ÚʼnõΩ
K«^Œ∞"≥O^Œ∞Hõx ~ÀE <å#fl #㨠=ÙO_Õk. J=hfl Ѩ˜ìOK«∞‰õΩ<Õk
HÍ^Œ∞. WÖÏ ÃãHõO_çÜ«∞~ü ‰õÄ_® ѨÓiÎ KÕã≤Ok. P `«~åfi`«
ÃãÅ=ÙÖ’¡ HõOѨӺ@~ü, ™ÈÊÔH<£ WOw¡+¨µ Lz`«OQÍ <ÕiÊ™êÎ~°O>Ë
JHõ¯_çÔHo§ <Õ~°∞Û‰õΩ#flk. J=∂‡~ÚÅHÀã¨O _»|∞ƒÃјì
K«kqOK«ÖËx Ѩiã≤÷`«∞Ö’¡ WÖÏ QÆ=~°fl"≥∞O@∞ ã¨∂¯Å∞, HÍÖËrÖ’¡
K«^Œ∞=ÙÅ#∞ ZHõ¯_» Lz`«OQÍ Uk <ÕiÊã¨Î~°<åfl Jk
<Õ~°∞ÛHÀ_®xH˜ "≥àı§k, Ѩ@∞ì^ŒÅ`À Hõ$+≤KÕ¿ãk, K«^Œ∞=ÙHÀã¨O
Ü«Ú^ŒúO KÕã≤Ok.
=∞~ÀѨHõ¯ z#flѨʘflOz Öˇ·OyHõ "ÕkèOѨÙÅ#∞
Z^Œ∞~°∞¯#flk. T~À¡ L=∞‡_ç ‰õΩ@∞O|OÖ’ =Ù#flѨC_»∞ ÉÏ=
#∞Oz HÍ=K«∞Û, WO˜ Z^Œ∞~°∞QÍ =Ù#fl `«#HõO>ˇ <åÅ∞QÆ∞
ã¨O=`«û~åÅ z#fl "å_»~Ú# JÉσ~Ú HÍ=K«∞Û, Ѩ@flOÖ’
ѨH˜¯O˜"å_»∞, HÍÖËrÔHà◊√ÎO>Ë |ã¨∞ûÖ’¡ |ã¨∞û™êìѨÙÖ’¡ =Ù#fl
áÈH˜sÅ #∞Oz HÍ=K«∞Û. JxflO˜H© q∞Oz WO’¡<Õ ÃÑ^ŒÌ#flÜ«∞º
#∞Oz ‰õÄ_® D Öˇ·OyHõ "ÕkèOѨÙÅ#∞ Z^Œ∞~˘¯#flk.
`«#ÔHO^Œ∞H˜ÖÏ J=Ù`«∞O^À J~°÷O HÍx Ѩiã≤÷u. JxflO˜H© ^Õ=Ù_Õ
kHõ¯x `«# J#fl =∂~åÅx, `«# ‰õΩ@∞O|O ÉÏQÆ∞Ѩ_®Åx,
`«# Ѩiã≤÷u ÉÏQÆ∞Ѩ_®Åx Jxfl ^Õ=Ùà◊§‰õΩ x+¨ì`À ѨÓ[Å∞
KÕ¿ãk. â◊√„Hõ"å~°O ã¨O`À+≤=∂`« ѨÓ[, â◊x"å~°O ~å=Ú_ç
ѨÓ[, ™È=∞"å~°O t=Ùx ѨÓ[, =∞OQÆà◊"å~°O â◊x „QÆǨÅѨÓ[,
ÉËã¨Î"å~°O ™ê~ÚÉÏÉÏ WÖÏ Jxfl ~ÀAÅ∞ á⁄^Œ∞Ì#fl 4 QÆO@ʼnõΩ
ÖËz `«Å™êfl#O KÕã≤ QÆ∞_çH˜ "≥o§=KÕÛk. J~Ú<å ã¨=∞㨺Å∞
ZHõ¯_»"Õã≤# Q˘OQÆo JHõ¯_Õ J#fl@∞ìQÍ =ÙO@∂ WOHÍ
ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞`«∞<åflÜÕ∞HÍx `«QÆæ_»O ÖË^Œ∞.
WO`«Ö’ <åOѨe¡ WOk~å „Ñ≤Ü«∞^Œi≈x HÍÖËrÖ’ _ç„wÖ’
*Ï~Ú<£ J=_»O JHõ¯_» =∞Ç≤ÏàÏKÕ`«# ѨiK«Ü«∞O HÍ=_»O
~°l`« rq`åxfl XHõ =∞Å∞Ѩ٠uÑ≤ÊOk. `«#‰õΩ#fl ã¨=∞㨺Å∞
`å<˘Hõ¯^•xˆH ÖË=x D ã¨=∂[OÖ’ „Ѩu=∞Ç≤Ïà◊ U^ÀXHõ
~°∂ѨOÖ’ ã¨=∞㨺#∞ Z^Œ∞~˘¯O@∞#fl^Œh, g˜H˜
HÍ~°}=∞=Ù`«∞#fl ™ê„=∂[º"å^Œ Jj¡Å ã¨O㨯$ux, ™êÇ≤Ï`åºxfl
„ѨÉèí∞`«fi"Õ∞ ÃÑOz áÈ+≤ã¨∞ÎO^Œx J~°÷O KÕã¨∞‰õΩOk. g˜H˜
=ºuˆ~HõOQÍ áÈ~å@"Õ∞ `«#ÖÏO˜"åà◊§ ã¨=∞㨺ʼnõΩ
Ѩiëê¯~°=∞x J~°÷O KÕã¨∞‰õΩOk. HÍx `«# ã¨=∞㨺#∞
`å`å¯eHõOQÍ<≥·<å Ѩiëê¯~°O KÕã¨∞HÀ"åÅO>Ë J=∂‡~ÚÅ∞
Hõ~å>Ë <Õ~°∞ÛHÀ"åÅx, P`«‡Q“~°=O`À WÖÏO˜ ã¨=∞㨺Å#∞
Ѩi+¨¯iOK«∞HÀ"åÅx =∞Ç≤ÏàÏKÕ`«# WzÛ# ^è≥·~°ºO`À |ÅOQÍ
^Œ$_è»ã¨OHõÖÏÊxH˜ =∞~À¿Ñ~°∞ ~°l`«
–~å^èŒ
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- 8. 8 =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ=∂~°æO ! ÃãÃÑìO|~ü – JHÀì|~ü 2006
#q∞‡Ok. ^•O`À Hõ~å>Ë <Õ~°∞ÛHÀ=_»O "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ ÃјìOk. `«#
J#fl #∞Oz Z^Œ∞~˘¯O@∞#fl ã¨=∞㨺 Ѩiëê¯~°=∞~ÚOk. HÍx
=∞ixfl ã¨=∞㨺Å∞ =ÚO^Œ∞‰õΩ =KåÛ~Ú. ÃÑm§_»∞H˘zÛ#
J=∂‡~Ú Hõ~å>Ë <Õ~°∞ÛHÀ=_»"Õ∞q∞˜? Hõ~å>Ë <Õ~°∞Û‰õΩO>Ë
ÃÑo§HÍ^Œ∞ J<Õ ^•O`À Hõ~å>Ë <Õ~°∞ÛHÀ=^ŒÌx WO’¡ XuÎ_ç
"≥Ú^ŒÅ~ÚºOk. W^Õ H͉õΩO_® Hõ~å>Ë W<£„ã¨ìHõì~üû ‰õÄ_®
J=∂‡~ÚÅ#∞ Öˇ·OyHõOQÍ "ÕkèOK«_»O`À J=∂‡~ÚÅ∞
=∞^茺֒<Õ =∂<ÕÜ«∞_»O K«∂ã≤ ÉèíiOK«ÖËHõ áÈ~ÚOk. nO`À
J=∂‡~ÚÖË Hõ~å>Ë HÀKüÅ∞QÍ =ÙO_®Åh, JѨC_Õ J=∂‡~ÚÅ∞
=∞iO`« ¿ãfiK«ÛùQÍ <Õ~°∞ÛHÀQÆÅ~°x P "≥·Ñ¨Ù Hõ$+≤KÕã≤Ok. `«<Õ
HÀKüQÍ =ÙO@∂ ã¨∂¯ÖòûÖ’, HÍÖËrÖ’¡, |ã‘ÎÅÖ’¡ J=∂‡~ÚʼnõΩ
„Ѷ‘QÍ Hõ~å>Ë <ÕiÊOKÕk. Hõhã¨O 10 =∞Ok J=∂‡~ÚÅ#~Ú<å
HÀKüÅ∞QÍ `«Ü«∂~°∞ KÕÜ«∂Å<Õ ÅHõ∆ºO`À ѨxKÕ¿ãk nxHÀã¨O
J=∂‡~ÚÅ#∞ áÈQÆ∞ KÕÜ«∞_»O HÀã¨O Ãã·H˜Öò "Õã¨∞‰õΩx
Z<Àfl|ã‘ÎÅ∞ uiyOk. `«#∞ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ Ãã·H˜ÖòÃÑ· uiˆQk. x*ÏxH˜
`«#∞ KåÖÏ |ÅÇ‘Ï#OQÍ =ÙO_Õk. ѨÙ@∞ìHõ`À gH±QÍ =Ù<åfl
`«#∞ âßs~°Hõ |ÅÇ‘Ï#`« Hõ~å>ËH˜ J_»¤OH˜ H͉õÄ_»^Œx âßs~°Hõ
P~ÀQƺO HÀã¨O ‰õÄ_® KåÖÏ Hõ$+≤ KÕ¿ãk. =∂O™êǨ~°O
JÅ"å@∞ÖËx ‰õΩ@∞O|O #∞Oz =zÛ<å ã¨OѶ¨∞O ѨiK«Ü«∞O`À
PǨ~°Ñ¨Ù JÅ"å@∞¡ ‰õÄ_® =∂~°∞Û‰õΩx P~ÀQͺxfl
"≥∞~°∞QÆ∞Ѩ~°K«∞HÀ=_®xH˜ Hõ$+≤KÕã≤Ok. L^ŒÜ«∂<Õfl áêÅÖ’
ѨzÛQÆ∞_»∞¤ "Õã¨∞H˘x `åQÆ_»O, P‰õΩ ‰õÄ~°Å∞ Ô~QÆ∞ºÅ~üQÍ u#_»O,
"≥ÚÅÔHuÎ# yO[Å∞, ÉˇÅ¡O HõeÑ≤ u#_»O KÕ¿ãk. =∂O™êǨ~°O
|ÖÏxfl Wã¨Îk. HÍh ~ÀE =∂Oã¨O `≥K«∞ÛH˘<Õ ™ÈÎ=∞`«
ÖËHõáÈ=_»O`À cѶπ ÉÁHõ¯Å∞ z#flqQÍ H˘˜ìOK«∞H˘x Kå~°∞
KÕã¨∞‰õΩ `åˆQk. WÖÏ KÕã¨∂Î KåÖÏ Lëê~°∞QÍ K«∞~°∞‰õΩQÍ
=ÙO_Õk. U<å_»∞ J<å~ÀQƺO`À =ÙO_»ÖË^Œ∞. P~ÀQƺOQÍ =ÙO>Ë
Z‰õΩ¯= Ѩx KÕÜ«∞QÆÅO Jx #"Õ∞‡k.
WO’¡ ÃÑO_ç¡ã¨O|O^è•Å∞ `Õ=_»O, Hõ~å>Ë =∂<ÕÜ«∞=∞x
Q˘_»=ÃÑ@∞ìHÀ=_»O nO`À ~ÀE Ѷ¨∞~°¬} [iˆQk. ã¨OѶ¨∞OÖ’
ѨxKÕã¨∂Î ã¨OѶ¨∞K≥·`«#ºO`À ÃÑO_»¡O>Ë W^ŒÌi =∞#ã¨∞Å HõÅ~ÚHõ,
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KÕã¨∞‰õΩOÏ#x, `«e¡^ŒO„_»∞Å∞ K«∂¿ã ÃÑo§x `å#∞ KÕã¨∞HÀ#x
`≥ˆQã≤ K≥Ñ≤ÊOk. ÃÑO_ç¡ K«∂ѨÙʼnõΩ ‰õÄ~ÀÛ=_®xH˜ x~åHõiOKÕk.
nO`À WO’¡ u@ì_»O`À áê@∞ H˘@ì_»O ‰õÄ_®
"≥Ú^ŒÅ~ÚºOk. JѨʘˆH ~°l`« „ÃÑ·"Õò #iûOQ∑ǨϟOÖ’
iÃãѨ¬xã¨∞ìQÍ L^ÀºQÆO KÕã¨∞ÎOk. WO’¡ Ѷ¨∞~°¬} ÃÑiy, `å#∞
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`«# K≥e¡ #_çzOk. nO`À WO’¡ "åà◊√§ |Ü«∞˜H˜
"≥à◊§_»=∞O>Ë Ñ¨~°∞=Ù áÈ=_»"Õ∞ Jx, D ^è≥·~°ºO g∞‰õΩ ã¨OѶ¨∞"Õ∞
WzÛO^ŒO@∂ ã¨OѶ¨∞ ã¨Éèí∞ºÅ#∞ ѨzÛ |∂`«∞Å∞ u_»∞`«∂,
áÈbã¨∞ŠѨ~ÀHõ∆ ã¨Ç¨ÏHÍ~°O`À ã¨OѶ¨∞O PѶ‘ã¨∞ J^•ÌÅ∞
ѨQÆ∞ÅQ˘˜ì ^•_çH˜ kQÍ~°∞. `å=Ú "Õ∞[~°¡=∞h, ã¨fi`«O„`«OQÍ
|uˆH JkèHÍ~°O `«=∞‰õΩO^Œx |Ç≤Ï~°OQÆѨ~°∞ã¨∂Î, z=~°‰õΩ
Ѩ„uHÍ=ÚYOQÍ `≥eÜ«∞Ѩ~°Kåeû=zÛOk.. P_»Ñ≤Å¡Å∞
P`«‡Q“~°=O`À |`«Hõ_»O <Õ~°=∂? JO@∂ =∞Ç≤ÏàÏKÕ`«#
|Ç≤Ï~°OQÆ ã¨Éèí x~°fiÇ≤ÏOzOk. WHõ ã¨OѶ¨∞O‰õΩ Ñ¨iK«Ü«∞"≥∞ÿ#
JuH˘kÌHÍÖÏxˆH ~°l`« =∞Ç≤ÏàÏKÕ`«# „H˜Ü«∂jÅHõ HÍ~°ºHõ~°ÎQÍ,
*Ï~ÚOò Ãã„Hõ@sQÍ ZkyOk. 1995 #∞Oz 2003 =~°‰õΩ
[iy# =∞Ç≤ÏàÏKÕ`«# „Ѩu HÍ~°º„Hõ=∞OÖ’, áÈ~å@OÖ’ ~°l`«
áêÖÁæ#flk. <åÜ«∞Hõ`«fiO =Ç≤ÏOzOk. q∞e>ˇhûx
„Ѩ^Œi≈OzOk. â◊„`«∞=Ù#∞ =ÚѨÊuѨÊÅ∞ ÃјìOk.
Jk ã¨OˆH∆=∞ Ѩ^äŒHÍÅ J=∞Å∞HÀã¨O [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞#fl
áÈ~åÏÅÖ’ JÔ~ã¨∞ìÅѨC_»∞ K«∂_˘K«∞Û. ɡOQÆà◊¥~°∞Ö’ JO^•Å
áȩʼnõΩ =ºuˆ~HõOQÍ ZÑ≤ã≤ZOZãπ Ñ≤Å∞ѨÙxzÛ#ѨÙ_»∞
JO^Œ∞Ö’ áêÖÁæx ~å™êÎ~ÀHÀÅ∞ KÕã¨∂Î JÔ~ã¨∞ì J~Ú#ѨÙ_»∞
áÈbã¨∞Å#∞ Z^Œ∞~˘¯#fl f~°∞ K«∂ã≤ "åà◊√§ 'g∞~°∞ P_»"åà◊√§
HÍ^Œ∞, ZÖò˜˜W "åà◊§`À tHõ∆} á⁄Ok#"åà◊§ÖÏ L<åfl~°—O@∂
A@∞ìѨ@∞ìH˘x ~°HÍÎÅ∞ H͈~ÖÏ H˘Ïì~°∞. J~Ú<å `å<Õq∞
ÉÏ^èŒÑ¨_Õk HÍ^Œ∞, ÃÑ·QÍ ~å[ºOÃÑ· =∞iO`« Hõã≤ ÃÑOK«∞‰õΩ<Õk.
P~ÀA <åA>Ëì ÖËHõáÈ`Õ <Õ#∞ áÈb™ÈxH˜ ^˘~°HõHõ áÈÜÕ∞^•xfl
Hõ^•.....Jx `å<≥O`À W+¨ìѨ_Õ á⁄_»Q͘ A@∞ì#∞ `«~åfi`Ϋ~åfi`«
„HÍѶπ KÕ~ÚOK«∞‰õΩOk.
ã¨∂¯Öò ae¤OQ∑ÅHÀã¨O ã¨∂¯Öò q^•º~°∞÷Å#∞ HõÖˇHõì~ü
PѶ‘ã¨∞‰õΩ ^èŒ~åfl‰õΩ fã≤ÔHo§, g∞ Ñ≤Å¡Å~Ú`Õ WÖÏO˜ ã¨∂¯Ö’¡
K«kq™êÎ~å? XHõ™êi ã¨∂¯Å∞H˘zÛK«∂_»O_ç ae¤OQ∑ ZÖÏ
=ÙO^À – JO@∂ HõÖˇHõì~üx xÅnÜ«∞_»O`À "≥O@<Õ ã¨O|Okè`«
JkèHÍ~°∞Å#∞ ã¨ÃãÊO_£ KÕ™ê_»∞. K«O„^ŒÉÏ|∞
=∞Ç≤ÏàÏ[#‡Éèí∂q∞Ö’ |∂@Hõ`åfixfl ZO_»QÆì_»OÖ’ HÍ=K«∞Û
|ã‘Î =∞Ozh˜ Hõh㨠™œHõ~åºÅHÀã¨O KÕ¿ã áÈ~åÏÖ’¡ HÍ=K«∞Û
„Ѩu HÍ~°º„Hõ=∞OÖ’ =ÚO^Œ∞O_Õk.
2000 ã¨O=`«û~°OÖ’ ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~åÉÏ^Œ∞#∞ =~°^ŒÅ∞
=ÚOK≥`«Î_»O`À Z<Àfl|ã‘ÎÅ∞ h@=Úxy "ÕÖÏk „Ѩ[Å∞
x~å„â◊Ü«ÚÅÜ«∂º~°∞. ^•O`À [O@#QÆ~åÅ =~°^ŒÉÏkè`«∞Å
Hõq∞©H˜ Hõhfi#~°∞QÍ ^•x`«~°Ñ¨Ù# |@ìÅ∞ aÜ«∞º=Ú, _»|∞ƒÅ∞
¿ãHõiOz ÉÏkè`«∞ʼnõΩ Ñ¨OK«_»OÖ’ áêÖÁæ#flk. ÉÏkè`«∞ʼnõΩ
ã¨Ç¨Ü«∂xfl JOk™êÎ=∞x ¢Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO ¢Ñ¨Hõ@#e™ÈÎOk. J~Ú`Õ
Ѷ¨`Õ#QÆ~üÖ’x t"åÅÜ«∞O QÆ∞_ç ^ŒQÆæ~°Ö’x QÆ∞_çÃã"åã¨∞ʼnõΩ
ˆHÏ~ÚOz# ibѶπ Ѷ¨O_»∞#∞ u#fl ZO.P~ü.F „Ѩ[ʼnõΩ
ã¨=∂^è•#O K≥ѨCHÀÖËHõ, „Ѩ[Å=ÚO^Œ∞‰õΩ ~å‰õΩO_® áÈbã¨∞Å#∞
- 9. 9 =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ=∂~°æO ! ÃãÃÑìO|~ü – JHÀì|~ü 2006
ѨOÑ≤OKå_»∞. áÈbã¨∞Å∞ ¢Ñ¨tflOz#O^Œ∞‰õΩ ~°l`«`À áê@∞ =∞~À
P~°∞QÆ∞~°∞ „Ѩ*Ïã¨OѶ¨∞HÍ~°ºHõ~°ÎÅx, QÆ∞_çÃã"åã¨∞Å#∞ JÔ~ã¨∞ì
KÕ™ê~°∞.
áÈbã¨∞¿ãì+¨<£Ö’ Ô~O_»∞~ÀAÅ∞, *ˇ·Ö’¡ <åÅ∞QÆ∞ ~ÀAÅ∞
=ÙOKå~°∞. áÈbã¨∞¿ãì+¨<£Ö’ =Ù#fl Ô~O_»∞~ÀAÅ∞ JÔ~ã¨∞ì
JÜ«∂º=∞x ÉÏ^èŒÑ¨_»‰õΩO_® Mˇ·nʼnõΩ HÍ=Åã≤# ™œHõ~åºÅ
HÀã¨O xÅnã≤ J_çy `≥Ñ≤ÊOKÕk. "åà◊√§ á¶È’Å∞ f™êÎ=∞O>Ë
"Õ∞=Ú ^˘OQÆÅO HÍ^Œ∞ g∞Ô~Ï¡ á¶È’Å∞ f™êÎ~°x
Q˘_»=ÃÑ@∞ìHÀ=_»O`À áÈbã¨∞Å∞ P¿Ñ™ê~°∞. HÀ~°∞ì‰õΩ
fã¨∞HõáÈ~Ú# „Ѩf™ês XHõ¯ x=Ú+¨O PѨ‰õΩO_® x<å^•Å∞
WKÕÛk. =∞#O <åºÜ«∞O HÀã¨O J_çy`Õ J„Hõ=∞OQÍ JÔ~ã¨∞ì
KÕ™ê~°x „Ѩ[ʼnõΩ `≥ÖÏfiÅO>Ë =∞# Q˘O`«∞Å∞ J=HÍâ◊O=Ù#fl
KÀ@ÖÏ¡ qáêÊÅ<Õk. ¿ãì+¨<À¡ =Ù#flÔ~O_»∞ ~ÀAÅ∞ áê@Å∞
áê_»∞`«∂, J„Hõ=∞OQÍ JÔ~ã¨∞ì ZÖÏ KÕ™ê~°<Õ <å˜Hõ#∞ „áêH©ìã¨∞
KÕã¨∂Î (~åHõáÈ~Ú<å), L`åûǨÏOQÍ LO@∂ JO^Œsfl
L`åûǨÏѨ~°∞ã¨∂Î =Ù#flk. ZO`«=∞Okx JÔ~ã¨∞ì KÕã≤<å
g∞ÖÏO˜ "åix WO`«=~°‰õΩ K«∂_»ÖË^Œ∞. JÔ~ã¨∞ì JÜ«∂º=∞<Õ
Hõh㨠ÉÏ^èŒÖˉõΩO_® WO`« ã¨O`À+¨OQÍ ZÖÏ LO_»QÆÅ∞æ`«∞<åfl~°∞
Jx Pâ◊Û~°ºáÈ`«∂ H˘O^Œ~°∞ ÖË_ô HÍx¿ãì|∞à◊√§ `«=∞ ÉÏ^èŒÅ∞
‰õÄ_® ~°l`«‰õΩ K≥ѨC‰õΩ<åfl~°∞.
*ˇ·Ö’¡ ‰õÄ_® JO`Õ. JHõ¯_»=Ù#fl <åÅ∞æ~ÀAÅ∞ *ˇ·Å∞
Ѩiã≤÷ux J~°÷O KÕã¨∞HÀ_®xH˜ „Ѩܫ∞uflOzOk. JHõ¯_»∞#fl „Ѩu
=∞Ç≤Ïà◊^ŒQÆæ~°ÔHo§ "åà◊§ ã¨=∞㨺 UO’, ZO^Œ∞H˘KåÛ~À
Hõ#∞H˘¯<Õk. JHõ¯_»=Ù#flѨC_»∞ JHÀì|~ü 2# QÍOnè[Ü«∞Ou
ã¨O^Œ~°ƒùOQÍ *ˇ·Å∞ JkèHÍ~°∞Å∞ "Õ_»∞Hõ [~°∞ѨÙ`«∞#flѨC_»∞
x~°ã¨#QÍ P HÍ~°º„Hõ=∞OÖ’ áêÖÁæ#‰õΩO_® ¿ãìlZH˜¯ `«=∞#∞
ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ „ѨÉèí∞`«fiO JÔ~ã¨∞ì KÕã≤Ok. ÉÏkè`«∞ʼnõΩ JO^•eû#
ã¨Ç¨Ü«∞O QÆ∞iOz J_çy`Õ JÔ~ã¨∞ìÅ∞ Kտ㠄ѨÉèí∞`«fiO
=Ù#flO`«HÍÅO =∞# |`«∞‰õΩÅ∞=∂~°=x =∂Ï¡_ç#ѨÙ_»∞
KåÖÏ=∞Ok U_®Û~°∞. "Õ∞=Ú =∂ ã¨=∞㨺֒Π=KåÛ=Ú HÍx
g∞~°∞ „Ѩ[ÅO^ŒiHÀã¨O =KåÛ~°∞. JO@∂ ZO`À Pf‡Ü«∞OQÍ
K«∂™ê~°∞. 4 ~ÀAÅ `«~åfi`« ɡ~ÚÖòÃÑ· q_»∞^ŒÖˇ· =ã¨∞ÎO>Ë
JO^Œ~°∂ Pf‡Ü«ÚÅ∞ ^Œ∂~°"≥∞ÿ`«∞#fl@∞¡ ÉÏ^ŒÑ¨_®¤~°O>Ë ZO`«
HõeûáÈ~ÚO^À Hõ^•! "åà◊§`À....."≥o§ =™êÎ#x „ѨuXHõ¯iH˜ K≥Ñ≤Ê
=ã¨∞ÎO>Ë '=∞m§ ZO^Œ∞H˘™êÎ=Ù `«e¡ D #~°HõOÖ’H˜! "≥àÏÎ#x
K≥ѨC— J#flѨC_»∞ D „ѨÉèí∞`«fiO <åºÜ«∞O HÀã¨O áÈ~å_»∞`«∞#fl
"åà◊§#∞ *ˇ·Ö’¡<Õ ÃÑ_»∞`«∞OkHõ^•! D „ѨÉèí∞`«fiO =Ù#flO`«HÍÅO
=∞#ÖÏO˜ "åà◊√§ WHõ¯_çH˜ =ã¨∂Î<Õ =ÙOÏO Jx JOk.
|Ü«∞˜H˜ =zÛ# "≥O@<Õ ZÖÏ=ÙOk *ˇ·Å∞ Jx J_çy`Õ,
*ˇ·Ö’¡ =Ù#fl =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å ÉÏ^èŒÅ∞, QÍ^èŒÅ∞ Ѩiã≤÷`«∞Å∞ `≥Å∞ûHÀ_®xˆH
>ˇÿO ã¨iáÈÖË^Œ∞ WOHÍ "å~°O ~ÀAÅ∞O>Ë ÉÏ=ÙO_Õk Jx
J#flk.....WÖÏ Uq+¨Ü«∂#fl~Ú<å ÉÏ^èŒÑ¨_»‰õΩO_® ~å[H©Ü«∞OQÍ
J~°÷O KÕã¨∞HÀ_®xˆH „Ѩܫ∞uflOKÕk.
`«#∞ á⁄^Œ∞Ì<Õfl Hõ~å>Ë <Õ~°∞Û‰õΩO@∂, Hõ~å>Ë HÍ¡ã¨∞Å∞
fã¨∞‰õΩO@∂, HõOѨӺ@~ü PѨˆ~@~üQÍ *ÏÉò KÕã¨∂Î =∞m§
ã¨OѶ¨∞OÖ’ KåÖÏ K«∞~°∞ÔH·# HÍ~°ºHõ~°ÎQÍ Ñ¨xKÕ¿ãk. U
XHõ¯x=Úëêxfl "Õãπì KÕÜ«∞_»O `«# H˜+¨ì=ÚO^Õk HÍ^Œ∞ Ѩ#∞Å∞
‰õÄ_® á¶êãπìQÍ KÕÜ«∂Å<Õk, JÖÏ KÕ¿ãk. Uk ~åHõáÈ~Ú<å
`«#‰õΩ ~å^Œx x~°∞`åûǨÏѨ_»Hõ áÈÜÕ∞k. nxHÀã¨O Ѩ@∞ì^ŒÅ`À
x~°O`«~° Hõ$+≤ KÕ¿ãk. Wk „Ѩu q+¨Ü«∞OÖ’#∞ HõxÊã¨Îk.
Hõ+¨ìѨ_»Ïxfl W+¨ìѨ_Õk. ZO`« |~°∞=ÙÖˇ·<å `ÕeQÍæ "≥∂¿ãk.
WÖÏO˜"Õ H˘xfl L^•Ç¨Ï~°}Å∞. `«#∞ H˘`«ÎQÍ
HÍ~°º=~°æã¨Éèí∞º~åÅ~Ú#ѨÙ_»∞ q∞xòû ~å¿ãÎ KåÖÏ `«Ñ¨CÅ∞
áÈÜÕ∞q. `«Ñ¨CÅ∞ áȉõΩO_® ã‘Ê_£QÍ q∞xòû ~åÜ«∂Åx
„Ѩu~ÀE ˆ~_çÜ≥∂ "å~°ÎÅ∞ qO@∂ ~åã¨∂Î „áêH©ìã¨∞ KÕ¿ãk.
JÖÏ<Õ =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ=∂~åæxH˜ ~°K«#Å#∞ ѨOÑ≤#ѨÙ_»∞ Z<Àfl "≥#H˜¯
uiy =zÛ#ѨʘH© x~°∞`åûǨÏѨ_»‰õΩO_® ~åã¨∂Î<Õ =ÙO_Õk.
JÖÏ Ô~O_»∞ ~°K«#Å∞ `«#q =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ=∂~°æOÖ’ JK«Û~Ú#q.
`«#Q˘O`«∞ áê@Å∞ áê_»ÏxH˜ U=∂„`«O ~åHõáÈ~Ú<å
áê_»ÏxHÀã¨O f„= „Ѩܫ∞`«flO KÕ¿ãk. á⁄^Œ∞Ì<Õfl ÖËz ~åQÍÅ
„áêH©ìã¨∞ KÕ¿ãk. HõÅÛ~°Öò =~ü¯ëêÑπ J#O`«~°O ~°l`« =∂„`«"Õ∞
nxfl „áêH©ìã¨∞ KÕã≤ "≥∞~°∞QÍæ áê_»@O <Õ~°∞Û‰õΩOk.
`«# „Ѩu ѨxÖ’, „Ѩu „Ѩܫ∞`«flOÖ’ ZO`«=∞Ok
Zxfl~°HÍÅ∞QÍ x~°∞`åûǨÏѨiz<å, J_»¤O‰õΩÅ∞ HõeÊOz<å
Ѩ˜ìOK«∞HÀ‰õΩO_® ^•xfl KèåÖˇO*òQÍ fã¨∞‰õΩ<Õ =∞#ã¨÷`«fiO
~°l`«k. U^≥·<å ÃÑ·ÃÑ· `«_»=∞‰õΩO_® Ö’`«∞Ö’¡ÔHo§ PÖ’zOKÕk.
`«#‰õΩ #KÕÛѨx ZO`«Hõ+¨ì"≥∞ÿ<å W+¨ìOQÍ KÕ¿ãk. „ã‘Î q=ÚH˜Î
J<Õk „â◊=∞q=ÚH˜Î`À<Õ ™ê^茺=∞h, ^•xH˜ ™êÜ«Ú^èŒáÈ~å@"Õ∞
=∂~°æO Jx #q∞‡Ok. ^•O`À 2003Ö’ =∂"À~Úã¨∞ìáêsìÖ’
KÕi 2006 EÖˇ· 23# "≥·.Ü«∞ãπ.™êÜ«Ú^èŒ=¸HõÅ |∂@HõѨÙ
Z<£H“O@~üÖ’ J=∞~°∞~åÅ~ÚOk. ''Hõ+¨ì"≥∞ÿ#^ŒO@∂ Ug∞
=ÙO_»^Œ∞. ^Œ$_è»ã¨OHõÅÊO ÖËx =∞#∞+¨µÅ∞ =∂„`«"Õ∞ =Ù<åfl~°∞——–
J#fl =∂~ü¯û =∂@Å#∞ =∞~˘Hõ¯™êi QÆ∞~°∞ΉõΩ `≥ã¨∞ÎOk =∞#
~°l`«. x*ÏxH˜ ~°l`«‰õΩ "≥Ú^Œ’¡ U ÏÖˇO@∂ ÖË^Œ∞,
"≥#Hõ|_ç# „áêO`«O #∞Op, ¿Ñ^ŒiHõO #∞Op, "≥#HõÉÏ@∞`«#O
#∞Op Hõ@∞ìÉÏ@¡ #∞Op =zÛ# J=∂‡~Ú.
™êO„Ѩ^•Ü«∞ ã¨OÔHà◊§#∞ `≥OK«∞‰õΩx ‰õΩ@∞O|O`Àx,
ã¨=∂[O`Àx áÈ~å_Õ „Hõ=∞OÖ’ „Ѩu^•xfl ^Œ$_è»ã¨OHõÅÊO`À
™êkèOz Hõ+¨ì"≥∞ÿ#^ŒO@∂ Ug∞ÖË^Œx x~°∂Ñ≤OzOk. =∞#O^ŒiH©
P^Œ~°≈OQÍ xezOk. #
- 10. 10 =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ=∂~°æO ! ÃãÃÑìO|~ü – JHÀì|~ü 2006
XHõ â◊`å|ÌHÍÅѨ٠¢a˜+π PkèѨ`åºxH˜ =ºuˆ~HõOQÍ
f¢="≥∞ÿ# ¢Ñ¨*Ï ¢Ñ¨uѶ¨∞@# L#fl`« ™ê÷~ÚH˜ KÕ~°_»"Õ∞ 1857
u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞. Wk =¸_»∞ qâßÅ ~°∂áêÅ#∞ fã¨∞‰õΩOk –
áœ~° u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞¡, Pk"åã‘ u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞¡, Ô~·`åOQÆ L^Œº=∂Å∞.
¢a˜+π ѨiáêÅ# ¢áê~°OÉèí ã¨O=`«û~åÅÖ’ ™êÜ«Ú^èŒ =ºuˆ~Hõ`«
ÖËx ã¨O=`«û~°OQÍh ÖË^• ^Õâ◊OÖ’x U^À XHõ ¢áêO`«OÖ’ XHõ
ÃÑ^ŒÌ ™êÜ«Ú^èŒ u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞ ÖËx ^Œâß|ÌOQÍh ÖË=Ù. 1763 #∞Oz
1856 =~°‰õÄ =O^ŒÖÏk z#fl z#fl u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@¡#@∞Oz 40H˜
ÃÑ·<Õ ÃÑ^ŒÌ u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞¡ [iQÍ~Ú. 1770 #∞Oz 1857 =~°‰õÄ
=zÛ# ÃÑ^ŒÌ Hõ~°∞=ÙÅ∂, Jã¨OMϺHõ"≥∞ÿ# z#fl Hõ~°∞=ÙÅÖ’
Ô~·`åOQÆѨ٠H©∆}˜Oz# Pi÷Hõ Ѩiã≤÷u ¢Ñ¨uѶ¨eOzOk.
¢a˜+π"åà◊√¡ ÉèÏ~°`«^Õâ◊OÖ’ Z^Œ∞~˘¯#fl "≥Ú^Œ˜ ¢Ñ¨uѶ¨∞@#
ÉèÏ~°`«^Õâ◊OÖ’x qq^èŒ J_»=ÙÅÖ’ x=ã≤ã¨∞Î#fl Pk"åã‘
`≥QÆÅ#∞OKÕ. Pk"åã‘ ¢Ñ¨[Å∞ 19= â◊`å|ÌOÖ’ =O^ŒÖÏk
q∞e>ˇOò PHõã≤‡Hõ ^•_»∞Å#∂, u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@¡#∂ x~°fiÇ≤ÏOKå~°∞.
Pk"åã‘Å J`«ºO`« ™êǨÏã¨O, `åºQÍʼnõΩ QÆ∞~°∞ÎQÍ, áêʼnõΩÅ
¢‰õÄ~°"≥∞ÿ# J}z"Õ`«, x~åÌH˜∆}º"≥∞ÿ# =^茉õΩ QÆ∞~°∞ÎQÍ D
u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞¡ xeKå~Ú. Pk"åã‘ ã¨=∂[O, Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨÷Å∞
‰õÄeáÈ=_»O 18= â◊`å|ÌO #∞O_ô J<ÕHõ u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@¡‰õΩ
^•ifã≤Ok. Pk"åã‘ ã¨=∂[Ѩ٠áê`« =º=™êÜ«∞Hõ ¢Hõ=∂xH˜
ã¨OѨÓ~°‚OQÍ ÉèíOQÆO HõeyOK«_»O J<Õk Jxfl Pk"åã‘
u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@¡‰õΩ XHõ L=∞‡_ç JOâß#flOkOzOk. Jq qâßÅ
¢áêuѨkHõ Hõey#g, "ÕÖÏk =∞Ok ѨÙ~°∞+¨µÅ#∂, =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å#∂
– KåÖÏ `«~°K«∞QÍ XHõ ¢áêO`«OÖ’x "≥Ú`«ÎO [<åÉèÏ#∞ –
x=∞QÆfl=∞ÜÕ∞ºÖÏ KÕâß~Ú. ¢a˜+π áêÅ# PQÆ=∞#O, ¿ãfiK«Ûù#∞
¢¿Ñq∞OKÕ Pk"åã‘Å Jã¨OMϺHõ HõëêìʼnõΩ HÍ~°}"≥∞ÿOk.
J@gã¨OѨ^ŒÃÑ·, Éèí∂q∞ÃÑ· "åi‰õΩ#fl ã¨Ç¨Ï["≥∞ÿ# ǨωõΩ¯Å#∞
¢a˜+π "åà◊√¡ ¢‰õÄ~°"≥∞ÿ# Ѩ^Œú`«∞Ö’¡ ÖωõΩ¯<åfl~°∞. Wk "åiÖ’
f¢="≥∞ÿ# P¢QÆǨxfl ѨÙ>ËìÖÏ KÕã≤, =∞# K«i¢`«Ö’ JO`«ºO`«
¢Ñ¨ã≤kú K≥Ok# g~Àz`« u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@¡‰õΩ ^•ifã≤Ok.
Pk"åã‘ u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞^•~°¡‰õÄ, ¢a˜+π ™êÜ«Ú^èŒ |ÅQÍʼnõÄ
=∞^茺 [iy# Ü«Ú^ŒúO ѨÓiÎQÍ Jã¨=∂#"≥∞ÿ#k. XHõ"≥·Ñ¨Ù P^èŒ∞xHõ
PÜ«Ú^è•Å`À Hõ"å`«∞KÕ¿ã Ô~l"≥∞O@∂¡, =∞~À"≥·Ñ¨Ù ~åà◊¥¡, Q˘_»¤à◊¥¡,
H˘_»=à◊¥¡, qÅ¡O|∞Å =O˜ ѨÙ~å`«# PÜ«Ú^è•Å#∞ ^èŒiOz
`«=∞ Hõ=∂O_»~°¡ =∞O¢`«â◊‰õΩÎÅ#∞ #"Õ∞‡ ã¨OKå~° |$O^•Öˇ·#
=∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∂, ѨÙ~°∞+¨µÅ∂!
D u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@¡Ö’ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å qt+¨ì áê¢`«#∞ QÆ∞iOz
Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ iHÍ~°∞¤ HÍ#ѨʘH©, D u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@¡xflO˜Ö’#∂
=∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞ KåÖÏ ¢H˜Ü«∂jÖOQÍ ÉèÏQÆ™êfi=ÚÅ<Õ q+¨Ü«∞O
JO^ŒiH© `≥eã≤O^Õ. Pk"åã‘ ã¨=∂*ÏÅÖ’x ™ê=∂lHõ
L`«ÊuÎÖ’ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊ʼnõΩ#fl ã¨=∂#™ê÷<åxfl K«∂ã≤#ѨÙ_»∞ Wk
ã¨Ç¨Ï["Õ∞#xÑ≤ã¨∞ÎOk. P `«~°"åu ã¨O=`«û~åÅÖ’x =Åã¨áêÅ#
ã¨O^Œ~°ƒùOQÍ Pk"åã‘ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞ Z^Œ∞~˘¯#fl Öˇ·OyHõ
J`åºKå~åÅ∞ q^ÕjÜ«ÚÅÃÑ· áÈ~å_®Å<Õ "åi ^Œ$_è»ã¨OHõÖÏÊxfl
=∞iO`«QÍ HÍHõÅ∞ fiÛ# =∞~À JOâ◊=∞~ÚOk. ÉèÏ~°`«^Õâ◊OÖ’
=Å㨠áêÅ# `˘e~ÀAÅ#∞ =}˜H˜Oz# u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@¡Ö’ Pk"åã‘
=∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å ÉèÏQÆ™êfi=∞ºO QÆ∞iOz# H˘kÌáê˜ ã¨=∂Kå~åxfl WHõ¯_»
Wã¨∞Î<åflO.
K«∞J~üu~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞
ɡOQÍÖòÖ’ "≥Ú^Œ˜™êiQÍ u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞ ÉÏ=ÙÏ#∞
ZuÎ#"åiÖ’ K«∞J~ü u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞^•~°∞Å∞ XHõ~°∞. "å~°∞
ѨtÛ=∞ɡOQÍÖòÖ’x q∞_»flѨÓ~ü, |O‰õΩ~å lÖÏ¡ÅÖ’, D<å˜
cǨ~üÖ’x ^è•ÖòÉèí∂"£∞ÅÖ’ ѨxKÕâß~°∞. 1776 #∞O_ç 1772
=~°‰õÄ, =∞m¡ 1795 #∞O_ç 1816 =~°‰õÄ "å~°∞ D =¸_»∞
lÖÏ¡ÅÖ’ ¢a˜+π áêÅ##∞ ^•^•Ñ¨Ù ã¨÷OaèOѨ*Ëâß~°∞. Jk cǨ~ü,
ɡOQÍÖòÅÖ’x "≥Ú`«ÎO 6 lÖϡʼnõΩ "åºÑ≤OzOk. PÜ«Ú^è•Å`À
Ü«Ú^ŒúO KÕã≤# u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞^•~°∞ÅÖ’ Z‰õΩ¯==∞Ok ѨÙ~°∞+¨µÖË
HÍh, D "≥Ú`«ÎO ¢áêO`«Ñ¨Ù =∞Ç≤Ïà◊ÅO`å ¢‰õÄ~°"≥∞ÿ# q∞Å@s
cÉèí`åûxfl Zkiã¨∂Î ^Œ$_è»OQÍ xÅ|_®¤~°∞. |O‰õΩ~å lÖÏ¡
"Õ∞l¢¿ãìò J~Ú# XHõ WOy¡+π =ºH˜Î "åOQÆ∂‡ÅO ¢Ñ¨HÍ~°O –
'J<ÕHõ ¢QÍ=∂ÅÖ’ Ãã·#ºO =∞HÍO "Õã≤# ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ "≥Ú`«ÎO
ѨÙ~°∞+¨ [<åÉèÏ JÔ~ã¨∞ìÅ#∞ `«Ñ≤ÊOK«∞‰õΩ<ÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ P ¢Ñ¨^Õâßxfl
q_»zÃјì ^ŒQÆæ~°Ö’x H˘O_»Å∂, J_»=ÙÖ’¡ P¢â◊Ü«∂xfl
á⁄Ok#ѨÙ_»∞ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊ÖË ¢Ñ¨uѶ¨∞@##∞ ã¨r=OQÍ xeÑ≤ LOKå~°∞.
~å¢u ã¨=∞Ü«∂ÅÖ’ "å~°∞ q∞e@s Éèí¢^Œ`å =ÅÜ«∂#∞flOz
*Ï~°∞‰õΩx ѨÙ~°∞+¨µÅ‰õΩ "å~°∞ ^•y=Ù#fl KÀ@∞ˆH PǨ~°O, h~°∞,
ã¨=∂Kå~°O, z=~°‰õΩ PÜ«Ú^è•Å#∞ ‰õÄ_® ã¨~°Ñ¶¨~å KÕâß~°∞.
Pk"åã‘, Ô~·`åOQÆ L^Œº=∂ÅÖ’ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å áê„`«
– q.QÍiæ
K«i`«„Ö’ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊
- 11. 11 =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ=∂~°æO ! ÃãÃÑìO|~ü – JHÀì|~ü 2006
H˘O`«=∞Ok =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞ Ѩ@∞ì|_ç q∞Å@s KÕ`«∞Ö’¡ ¢‰õÄ~°"≥∞ÿ#
z¢`«Ç≤ÏOã¨Å<≥^Œ∞~˘¯#flѨʘH©, "åi <≥·uHõ Ãã·÷~°ºO
K≥‰õΩ¯K≥^Œ~°ÖË^Œ∞. =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å D g~Àz`« áå¢`« K«∞J~ü
u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞‰õΩ qâßÅ`åfihfl, xÅHõ_»#∂ WzÛOk—.
|ã¨Î~üu~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞¡|ã¨Î~üu~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞¡|ã¨Î~üu~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞¡|ã¨Î~üu~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞¡|ã¨Î~üu~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞¡
18= â◊`å|ÌѨ٠`«∞k#∞O_ç "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞H˘x 19=
â◊`å|Ì=∞O`«Ï, 20= â◊`å|ÌѨ٠H˘xfl `˘e ^ŒâßÉÏÌÅáê@∞
Kè«fÎãπQÆ_è£ J<ÕHõ Pk"åã‘ u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@¡#∞ K«∂ã≤Ok. D Pk"åã‘
u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@¡Ö’ H˘xfl ™ê÷xHõ"≥∞ÿ#g, =∞iH˘xfl =∞iO`« qã¨Î$`«OQÍ
"åºÑ≤Oz#g. Éè∫QÀoHõOQÍ ‰õÄ_® D u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞¡ XHõ
¢áêO`«OÖ’ ˆHO¢nHõiOz ÖË=Ù. "å˜Ö’ H˘xflO˜ HÍ~°Hõ JOâßÅ∞
`«Hõ∆}"≥∞ÿ#g, ã¨fiÉèÏ=OÖ’ ™ê÷xHõ"≥∞ÿ#g, =∞iH˘xfl u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞¡
=∞~°QÆ_®xH˜ ã¨=∞Ü«∞O Ѩ˜ì#q. J~Ú#ѨʘH© D u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@¡
ˆHO¢^Œ Hõ^äŒ#O Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ ™ê^è•~°}"≥∞ÿ#n, =∂~°∞ÊÖËxn. D
u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@¡hfl ™ê÷xHõ =#~°∞Å∂, Éèí∂g∞, J_»=ÙÅÃÑ·
Pk"åã¨∞ʼnõΩ ã¨O¢Ñ¨^•Ü«∞HõOQÍ J<庢HÍO`«O HÍ=_®xH˜
gÅ∞ÖËx ǨωõΩ¯ÃÑ· ˆHO¢nHõiOz#g, <˘H˜¯K≥Ñ≤Ê#g. `«~°K«∞QÍ
ã¨O¢Ñ¨^•Ü«∞O, ã¨O㨯$u, Pk"åã‘ r=#q^è•<åÅ K«∞>Ëì D
ã¨g∞Hõ~°} LO@∞Ok. D u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞¡ XHõ Ѩ~å~Ú áêÅ<å
=º=ã¨÷‰õÄ, ¢a˜+π "åà◊√¡ "åiÃÑ· |Å=O`«OQÍ ~°∞kÌ# XHõ
Ѩ~å~Ú ~å[H©Ü«∞, Pi÷Hõ, ™ê=∂lHõ ¢Hõ=∂xH© =ºuˆ~HõOQÍ ‰õÄ_®
[iy#q. D Pk"åã‘ u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞¡ ¢Ñ¨^è•#OQÍ |ã¨Î~üÖ’<Õ
KÀ@∞KÕã¨∞‰õΩ#flѨʘH©, Kè«fÎãπQÆ_è£Ö’x qq^èŒ Pk"åã‘
¢Ñ¨^ÕâßÅÖ’H˜ ‰õÄ_® "åºÑ≤OKå~Ú. D u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@¡xflO˜Ö’#∂
Pk"åã‘ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞ xã¨ûO^ÕǨÏOQÍ ã¨=∂#
ÉèÏQÆ™êfi=ÚÅ~Ú#ѨʘH© "åi áê¢`«‰õΩ ã¨O|OkèOz# xiÌ+¨ì
ã¨=∂Kå~°O ÖË^Œ∞.
1774 #∞O_ç 1910 =∞^茺 ¢Ñ¨ã¨∞Î`« Kè«fÎãπQÆ_è£Ö’x |ã¨Î~üÖ’
10 u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞¡ [iQÍ~Ú. 1853 #∞Op ¢a˜+π áêÅ#ÃÑ·
"å~°∞ ¢Ñ¨`«ºHõ∆OQÍ áÈ~å_®~°∞. J`«ºO`« qã¨Î$`«"≥∞ÿ<å,
¢Ñ¨=ÚY"≥∞ÿ<å u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞ 1910Ö’x Éèí∞OHÍÖò u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞.
Wk |ã¨Î~üÖ’x 46 #∞Oz 84 Ѩ~°QÆ}ÏÅ =~°‰õÄ (^•^•Ñ¨Ù
"≥~Úº ¢QÍ=∂Å∞) qã¨ÎiOz#k. XHõ QÀ¢`åxH˜ K≥Ok#
ã¨Éèí∞ºÅ#∞ XHõi`À XHõiH˜, "åi Éèí∞"£∞ ÖË^• Éèí∂q∞H˜ =∞^茺
|O^è•xfl U~°Ê~°KÕ ™ê=∂lHõ ã¨OѶ‘∞ÉèÏ"åxfl ã¨∂zOKÕ Éèí∞OHÍÖò
J<Õ Ñ¨^ŒO KåÖÏ qt+¨ì"≥∞ÿ#k. "åi ã¨O¢Ñ¨^•Ü«∂Å#∂, r=#
q^è•<åhfl HÍáê_»∞‰õΩx, ~°H˜∆OK«∞HÀ=_»O HÀã¨O J_»=ÙÅ∂,
Éèí∂g∞, ã¨Ç¨Ï[ =#~°∞ÅÃÑ· "åi‰õΩ#fl ã¨O¢Ñ¨^•Ü«∞Hõ ǨωõΩ¯Å#∞
uiy ¢Ñ¨Hõ˜OK«∞HÀ=_»O HÀã¨O Pk"åã‘ áÈ~å@ ã¨O¢Ñ¨^•Ü«∂xfl
Jk H˘#™êyOzOk. ã¨O¢Ñ¨^•Ü«∞Hõ J_»=ÙÅ∂, Éèí∂=#~°∞ÅÃÑ·
ǨωõΩ¯Å#∞ HÀÖ’Ê=_»O Éèí∞OHÍÖò u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞‰õΩ =ÚYº"≥∞ÿ#
HÍ~°}O. 1908Ö’ J_»=ÙÅ#∞ i[~°∞fi á¶êÔ~ã¨∞ìÅ∞QÍ KÕâß~°∞.
Ô~·ÖËfi 㑡Ѩ~°¡ HÀã¨O HõÅѨ#∂, K≥Hõ¯#∂ fã¨∞‰õΩ<Õ Ç¨Ï‰õΩ¯#∞
HÍO¢ÏHõì~°¡H˜KåÛ~°∞. Wk Pk"åã‘Å ¢Ñ¨^è•# r=<å^è•~åÅÖ’
XHõ^•xx "åiH˜ ^ŒHõ¯‰õΩO_® KÕã≤Ok. ™ê÷xHõOQÍ `«Ü«∂~°∞KÕ¿ã
<å@∞ =∞^•ºxfl K«@ìq~°∞^Œú"≥∞ÿ#kQÍ ¢Ñ¨Hõ˜OK«_»O`À =∞^ŒºO
QÆ∞`åÎkèѨ`«ºÑ¨Ù H“Å∞ ‰õÄ_® Ѩiã≤÷ux =∞iO`« kQÆ*ÏiÛOk.
q^Œº#∂, ã¨∂¯à◊¡#∞ "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ÃÑ@ì_®hfl Pk"åã‘Å∞ `«=∞
ã¨O㨯$ux <åâ◊#O KÕÜ«∞_»O HÀã¨O ~å[ºO KÕã¨∞Î#fl ¢Ñ¨Ü«∞`«flOQÍ
fã¨∞HÀ=_»O`À Jk Ü«Ú^•úxfl `«fii`«O KÕ¿ã JOâ◊OQÍ J~ÚOk.
z=~°‰õΩ áÈbã¨∞Å ¢‰õÄ~°`«fiO, ^ÀÑ≤_ô, JkèHÍ~°∞Å ^Ò~°˚#ºO
`À_≥· Éèí∞OHÍÖò u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞QÍ tY~å¢QÍ#flO^Œ∞‰õΩOk. D
áÈ~å@OÖ’ ^Œ∞~åæ~å}˜ J<Õ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊ ¿Ñ~°∞ qxÑ≤ã¨∞ÎOk. P"≥∞
áê„`« QÆ∞iOz Z‰õΩ¯= ã¨=∂Kå~°O ÖË^Œ∞.
=∂_çÜ«∂ ~å*Ϻxfl ¢Ñ¨Hõ˜OKå~°∞, ¢Ñ¨[Å∞ 40 ~ÀAÅáê@∞
^•x Ѷ¨e`åÅ#∞ ~°∞zK«∂âß~°∞. =Å㨠Ãã·#ºO J`«ºO`«
¢‰õÄ~°"≥∞ÿ# x~°ƒO^è•xH˜ kyOk. ¢QÍ=∂Å#∞ <ÕÅ=∞@ìO KÕâß~°∞.
"ÕÖÏk=∞Ok Pk"åã‘Å#∞ ǨÏ`«º KÕâß~°∞. ÖˇHõ¯ÖË#O`« =∞Ok
=∞Ç≤Ïà◊ÅÃÑ· J`åºKå~åÅ∞ KÕâß~°∞, z¢`«Ç≤ÏOã¨Å∞ ÃÑÏì~°∞.
‰õΩ#fi~ü ã¨|~°<£ ~å}˜x Ѩ@∞ì‰õΩx ~åÜ«∞ѨÓ~ü‰õΩ Ñ¨Oáê~°∞. P"≥∞
JHõ¯_Õ 1910, JHÀì|~üÖ’ =∞~°}˜OzOk. u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞ <åÜ«∞‰õΩ_»∞
QÆ∞O_®^Œ∂~ü [#‡ã¨÷ÅO ‰õΩHõ<å~ü HÍ=_»O`À ¢a˜+π Ãã·#ºO P
¢QÍ=∞OÃÑ· ^•_çKÕã≤ ѨÙ~°∞+¨µÅ∂, =∞Ç≤Ïà◊ÅO^Œih K«OÑ≤"Õâß~°∞.
=∂_£ (J|∞*ò=∂_£) Ö’x J<ÕHõ ¢QÍ=∂ÅÖ’x =∞Ç≤Ïà◊ÅÃÑ·
™ê=¸Ç≤ÏHõ J`åºKå~åÅ∞ KÕâß~°∞. ™ê÷xHõ [g∞O^•~°∞¡ ‰õÄ_®
¢a˜+π"åi ѨH∆Í# KÕ~å~°∞. P q^èŒOQÍ D ™êǨÏã¨=O`«"≥∞ÿ#
u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞#∞ J`«ºO`« ¢‰õÄ~°"≥∞ÿ# Ѩ^ŒúuÖ’ J}z"Õâß~°∞.
KÀÏ<åQÆѨÓ~ü HÀÖò u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞KÀÏ<åQÆѨÓ~ü HÀÖò u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞KÀÏ<åQÆѨÓ~ü HÀÖò u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞KÀÏ<åQÆѨÓ~ü HÀÖò u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞KÀÏ<åQÆѨÓ~ü HÀÖò u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞ (1820–1837)(1820–1837)(1820–1837)(1820–1837)(1820–1837)
HÀÖò u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞‰õΩ `«Hõ∆} HÍ~°}O Pk"åã‘ Ô~·`åOQÆOÃÑ·
|Ü«∞˜#∞O_ç =zÛ#"åi J}z"Õ`«, Pk"åã‘ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊ÅÃÑ·
Öˇ·OyHõ J`åºKå~åÅ∞. Pk"å¿ã`«~°∞Å∞(|Ü«∞˜"å~°∞) Pk"åã‘
=∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å#∞ Pi÷HõOQÍ ^ÀÑ≤_ô KÕÜ«∞_»O KåÖÏHÍÅOQÍ
Pk"åã¨∞Å#∞ "Õkè™ÈÎ#fl ã¨=∞㨺. W#∞=Ú J=∞‡_®xH˜
|*Ï~°∞‰õΩ =zÛ# =ÚO_® =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å #∞Oz ^Œ∞~å‡~°∞æ_çQÍ
MϺuQÆ_çOz# *ÏѶ¨~ü PbMÏ<£ `«∞~°∞H± |Å=O`«OQÍ
W#∞=Ú#∞ ÖÏH˘¯x, ¢Ñ¨u ¿ã~°∞(seer) W#∞=Ú‰õΩ ˆH=ÅO
Ô~O_»∞ ÃÑ·ã¨Å∞ áêˆ~¿ã"å_»∞.
u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞Ö’ =∂#H©Å‰õΩ Ç¨ÏŸÅ∞, =ÚO_®Å∞, X~å"£Å∞
[`«Hõeâß~°∞. ǨϟÅ∞, =ÚO_®Å∞, X~å"£Å∞ ¢Ñ¨Hõ¯<Õ L#fl
¢áêO`åʼnõΩ `«=∞ Ü«Ú^Œú ÉÏ}ÏÅ#∞ "åºÑ≤Î KÕâß~°∞. J^Œ∞ƒù`«"≥∞ÿ#
- 12. 12 =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ=∂~°æO ! ÃãÃÑìO|~ü – JHÀì|~ü 2006
¢Ñ¨uã¨ÊO^Œ# =zÛOk. Pk"åã¨∞Å∞ ¢QÍ=∂Å#∞ H˘Å¡Q˘˜ì
HÍÖËÛâß~°∞. =Ü«∞ã¨∞, P_®, =∞QÍ J<Õ `Õ_® ÖˉõΩO_® `«=∞#∞
^ÀÑ≤_ô KÕã¨∞Î#fl"å~°O^Œih Lifâß~°∞. áÈbã¨∞Å∞ ‰õÄ_® "åi
ÅHõ∆ºOQÍ =∂~å~°∞.
D u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞Ö’x =ÚYº"≥∞ÿ# JOâ◊O Pk"åã‘ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å
Q“~°"åxH˜ ÉèíOQÆO HõeyOz#"åiÃÑ· ѨQÆf~°∞ÛHÀ=_»O.
ѨQÆf~°∞Û‰õΩ<Õ HͺOÃÑ~Ú<£ÅÖ’#∂, ã¨~°Ñ¶¨~åʼnõÄ, K˘~°ÉÏ@∞‰õÄ
=∂~åæÅ#∞ `≥~°zÃÑ@ì_»OÖ’#∂ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞ L^Œº=∞OÖ’
K«∞~°∞QÍæ áêÖÁæ<åfl~°∞. 1836Ö’ ¢a˜+π ¢Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞#∞
J}z"ÕÜ«∞_®xH˜ ѨOÑ≤# HÍÃÑì<£ qe¯<£ã¨<£ ¢QÍ=∂ÅÃÑ· =∞$`«∞º,
cÉèí`åûxfl ã¨$+≤ìOKå_»∞. "≥Ú`«ÎO Wà◊¡xflO˜H© xѨC ÃÑÏì~°∞.
¢a˜+π Ãã·x‰õΩʼnõΩ ã¨=∂Kå~åxfl `≥eÜ«∞*ËÜ«∞O_»O HõO>Ë
=∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞ `å=Ú <åâ◊#O J~ÚáÈ=_»"Õ∞ #Ü«∞O J#∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞.
"åà◊¡x *ˇ·Ö’¡H˜ <≥˜ì z¢`«Ç≤ÏOã¨Å∞ Ãјì#ѨʘH©, áÈbã¨∞Å∞
Ѩ~åsÖ’ L#fl"åiQÍ ¢Ñ¨Hõ˜Oz# `«=∞ ^ŒQÆæi |O^èŒ∞=ÙÖˇ·#
ѨÙ~°∞+¨µÅ ¿Ñ~°¡#∂, "å~°∞ ZHõ¯_» L<åfl~°<Õ q+¨Ü«∂xfl =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞
K≥ѨÊ_®xH˜ x~åHõiOKå~°∞.
J<ÕHõ ã¨OѶ¨∞@#ÅÖ’ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞ `«=∞ ¢QÍ=∂Å ~°Hõ∆}#∞
x~°fiÇ≤ÏOKå~°∞. |Å=O`«OQÍ ÖÁOyáÈÜÕ∞ÖÏ KÕÜ«∞_®xH˜
=ÚO^Œ∞ H˘O`«HÍÅO áê@∞ XuÎ_çx `«@∞ìH˘x xeKå~°∞. ¢a˜+π
JkèHÍ~°∞Å∞ J<ÕHõ=∞Ok =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å#∞ JÔ~ã¨∞ì KÕâß~°∞. ѨÙ~°∞+¨µÅ∞
JÔ~ã¨∞ì JÜÕ∞ºO`«=~°‰õÄ "åix Hõã¨ì_ôÖ’ LOKå~°∞. ¢a˜+π
JkèHÍ~åxfl uiy ¢Ñ¨u+≤ìOKÕ=ÚO^Œ∞=~°‰õÄ "ÕÖÏk=∞Okx ǨÏ`«º
KÕâß~°∞.
1837HõÖÏ¡ ¢a˜+π "åà◊√¡ ã≤OQ∑Éèí∂"£∞#∞ ѨÓiÎQÍ ™êfinè#O
KÕã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. HÍh, Pk"åã‘Å JâßOu =∞~À™êi q~°∞K«∞‰õΩ
Ѩ_»@O HÀã¨O Jã¨O`«$Ñ≤Î HÍ~°HÍÅ∞ ѨÙ<å^Œ∞Å∞ "Õã¨∂Î<Õ L<åfl~Ú.
ã¨O^ä•Öòu~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞ã¨O^ä•Öòu~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞ã¨O^ä•Öòu~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞ã¨O^ä•Öòu~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞ã¨O^ä•Öòu~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞
Jã¨OMϺHõ Pk"åã‘ u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@¡Ö’ ã¨O^ä•Öò
Ǩ˙Öò(u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞) KåÖÏ f¢="≥∞ÿ#k. Éèí∂™êfiq∞, =_ô¤"åºáêi,
"åºáê~°∞Å ¢`«Ü«∞O H“Å∞, JѨCÅ "≥˜ì Ü«∞O¢`åOQÆO ^•fi~å
ã¨O^ä•Å∞Å#∞ ^ÀÑ≤_ô KÕâß~°∞. Ѷ¨e`«OQÍ ã¨O^ä•Å∞Å Jã¨O`«$Ñ≤Î
=∞iˆQ™ê÷~ÚH˜ KÕ~°∞‰õΩOk. ~°Ç¨Ï㨺 ã¨=∂"ÕâßÅ∞ x~°fiÇ≤ÏOKå~°∞.
k‰õÄ(|Ü«∞˜"åà◊√¡) J}z"Õ`«^•~°¡‰õΩ =ºuˆ~HõOQÍ =~°∞㨠^ÀÑ≤_ô
^ŒO_»Ü«∂¢`«Å#∞ ã¨O^ä•Å∞Å∞ x~°fiÇ≤ÏOKå~°∞.
1854HõÖÏ¡ Pk"åã‘ ÃÑ^ŒÌÖˇ·# =∂s≠Å∂, Ѩ~°QÍ<≥·@∂¡
ã¨=∂"Õâ◊"≥∞ÿ u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞ KÕÜ«∞_»O QÆ∞iOz# ™ê^蕺™ê^蕺Å#∞
K«iÛOKå~°∞. [g∞O^•~°¡#∂, =_ô¤ "åºáê~°∞Å#∂ ^ÀK«∞‰õΩ<Õ
ã¨OѶ¨∞@#Å∞ K≥^Œ∞~°∞=∞^Œ∞~°∞QÍ ¢áê~°OÉèí=∞Ü«∂º~Ú.
30,000 =∞Ok ã¨O^ä•Å∞Å∞ – =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∂, ѨÙ~°∞+¨µÅ∂,
Ñ≤Å¡Å∂ – u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞Ö’ =∞Ǩ H©iÎ QÆ_çOz# <åÜ«∞‰õΩÅ∂,
™È^Œ~°∞Å∂ J~Ú# ã≤^Œ∂ú, HÍ#∂Å L`«fi~°∞fiÅ#∞ Q“~°qOz
ÉèÏQÆÅ∂Ê~üÖ’ ã¨=∂"Õâ◊=∞Ü«∂º~°∞. ã≤^Œ∂ú, HÍ#∂Å
<åÜ«∞Hõ`«fiOÖ’ `«=∞ ™ê^èŒHõÉÏ^èŒHÍÅ QÆ∞iOz# Ñ≤˜+¨<£#∞
QÆ=~°fl~ü [#~°Öò‰õΩ ã¨fiÜ«∞OQÍ W=fi_»O HÀã¨O XHõ ã¨Oã¨÷QÍ
U~°Ê_ç HõÅHõ`åΉõΩ `«~°e"≥àÏ¡~°∞.
"åix PѨ_®xH˜ áÈbã¨∞Å∞ KÕã≤# ¢Ñ¨Ü«∞`åflÅ∞ x+¨ÊùÅ=∞x
~°∞A=Ù J~ÚºOk. JkèHÍ~åxH˜ =ºuˆ~HõOQÍ áÈ~å@O
¢áê~°OÉèí"≥∞ÿO^Œ#_®xH˜ Wk XHõ ã¨OˆH`«OQÍ xezOk. ¢Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fi
Hõiî#"≥∞ÿ# L¿ÑH∆Í ÉèÏ="Õ∞ PYik. 400 ¢QÍ=∂ʼnõΩ ¢áêux^茺O
=Ç≤Ïã¨∞Î#fl 6,000 =∞Ok ã¨O^ä•Å∞Å#∞ Pk"åã‘ <åÜ«∞‰õΩÅ∞
|~°Ç¨`ü‰õΩ J`«ºO`« ã¨g∞Ѩ ¢áêO`«"≥∞ÿ# ÉèíQÆhnÇ≤Ï =^ŒÌ 1855,
E<£ 30# ã¨=∂"Õâ◊Ѩ~°z 1855, AÖˇ· 7# u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞
ÉÏ=ÙÏ#∞ ZQÆ∞~°"ÕÜ«∂Åx x~°‚~ÚOKå~°∞. z=~°‰õΩ "å~°∞
Ü«Ú^Œú=∂~åæxfl KÕѨÏì~°∞. Wk `«fi~°Ö’<Õ á⁄~°∞QÆ∞ ¢áêO`åÖˇ·#
ÉèÏQÆÅ∂Ê~ü, ǨÏ*ÏsÉÏQ∑, =∂<£Éèí∂"£∞ ¢áêO`åʼnõΩ "åºÑ≤OzOk.
¢QÍ=∂Ö’¡QÆ∞O_® ¢|Ǩ‡O_»"≥∞ÿ# Tˆ~yOѨÙÅ#∞
x~°fiÇ≤ÏOK«_»O ^•fi~å <åÜ«∞‰õΩÅ∞ ã¨O^ä•Öò =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å#∂,
ѨÙ~°∞+¨µÅ#∂ HõkeOKå~°∞. "åi`À áê@∞ ÉèËsÅ∞
"å~ÚOKÕ"å~°∂, ã¨Ow`«HÍ~°∞Å∂ LO_Õ"å~°∞. <åÜ«∞‰õΩÅ∞
QÆ∞¢~åÅ g∞^•, U#∞QÆ∞Å g∞^•, ѨšH©ÅÖ’ ™êfis KÕ¿ã"å~°∞.
`«fi~°Ö’<Õ ^•^•Ñ¨Ù 60,000 =∞Ok ã¨O^ä•Å∞Å#∞ HõkeOKå~°∞.
ã¨O^ä•Öò Ѩ~°QÆ}ÏÖ’¡ ¢áê~°OÉèí"≥∞ÿ# u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞ ÉèÏQÆÖòѨÓ~ü,
c~üÉèí∂"£∞, ɡOQÍÖ’¡x H˘xfl ¢áêO`åʼnõÄ gzOk.
u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞^•~°∞Å~Ú# =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∂, ѨÙ~°∞+¨µÅ∂ q+¨O ѨÓã≤#
ÉÏ}ÏÅ∞, qÅ∞¡Å∂, Hõ`«∞ÎÅ∂, Q˘_»¤à◊¡`À ™êÜ«Ú^èŒ∞Öˇ·
¢QÍ=∂ÅQÆ∞O_® Hõ^ŒO `˘‰õΩ¯`«∂ =∂Ô~¯@¡#∞ Ѩ@∞ì‰õΩ<åfl~°∞.
K«∞@∞ìѨHõ¯Å ¢áêO`åÖ’¡ ÉèíÜ≥∂`åÊ`åxfl "åºÑ≤OѨ*Ëâß~°∞.
"≥Ú^Œ˜"å~°OÖ’ S^Œ∞QÆ∞~°∞ =_ô¤"åºáê~°∞Å∞ ǨÏ`«º‰õΩ
QÆ∞~°Ü«∂º~°∞, áÈbã¨∞ÅÃÑ· ^•_»∞Å∞ [iQÍ~Ú. 1500 #∞O_ç
2000 =∞Ok |$O^•Å∞QÍ =∂i – ¢Ñ¨`ÕºHõ ã¨O^Œ~åƒùÅÖ’ ÉèËs
Ñ≤Å∞ѨÙ`À "ÕÖÏkQÍ ã¨g∞Hõ$`«∞Å=Ù`«∂ =∞Ǩ[#¡ÃÑ·,
[g∞O^•~°¡ÃÑ·, "åi Wà◊¡ÃÑ·, áÈbãπ ¿ãì+¨#¡ÃÑ·, Ô~·ÖËfi Hõ@ì_®Å∞
[iˆQ ¢Ñ¨^ÕâßÅÃÑ·, `«áêÖÏ "≥∂ã¨∞‰õΩáÈÜÕ∞ |O_»¡ÃÑ· – x*ÏxH˜
k‰õÄÅ ^ÀÑ≤_ôH©, =Åã¨"å^Œ JkèHÍ~åxH© ¢Ñ¨fHõÅ∞QÍ L#fl
¢Ñ¨u^•xÃÑ· ^•_»∞Å∞ KÕâß~°∞. ã¨O^ä•Öò u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞ ÃÑ^ŒÌ
ã¨OYºÖ’x Pk"åã‘ÜÕ∞`«~°∞Å∞, ¿Ñ^Œ"åÔ~·# k‰õÄÅ #∞Oz
ã¨Ç¨Ü«∂xfl á⁄OkOk.
u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞^•~°∞ʼnõΩ =ºuˆ~HõOQÍ ¢Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO XHõ ÃÑ^ŒÌ
- 13. 13 =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ=∂~°æO ! ÃãÃÑìO|~ü – JHÀì|~ü 2006
q∞e@s HÍOÃÑ~Ú<£#∞ x~°fiÇ≤ÏOzOk. XHõ "Õ∞[~ü [#~°Öò
<åÜ«∞Hõ`«fiO H˜O^Œ Ѩ^Œ∞Å ã¨OYºÖ’ Ô~l"≥∞O@¡¡#∞ ã¨g∞HõiOz,
¢Ñ¨ÉèÏq`« ¢áêO`åÅÖ’ =∂~°¬ÖòÖÏ #∞ ¢Ñ¨Hõ˜OzOk. qq^èŒ
<åÜ«∞‰õΩÅ#∞ Ѩ@∞ìHÀ=_»O HÀã¨O ~°∂. 10,000 =~°‰õÄ
|Ǩï=∞`«∞Å#∞ W=fiEÑ≤Ok.
1855, AÖˇ· 11# =∂~°¬Öò ÖÏ#∞ ¢Ñ¨Hõ˜OK«_»O`À<Õ "≥Ú`«ÎO
™êÜ«Ú^èŒ ã¨O^ä•ÖòÅ#∞ – "åi =Ü«∞ã¨∂, P_®, =∞QÍ `Õ_®
ÖˉõΩO_® – <åâ◊#O KÕÜ«∂Å<Õ ã¨∂K«#Å∞ J#∞ã¨iOKå~Ú.
XHõ¯~ÀAÖ’<Õ (1855, AÖˇ· 29#) Ãã·#ºO 36 ã¨O^ä•Öò
¢QÍ=∂Å#∞ <ÕÅ=∞@ìO KÕã≤Ok. PQÆã¨∞ìHõÖÏ¡ 25 "ÕÅ #∞Oz
30 "ÕÅ =∞Ok – =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∂, Ñ≤Å¡Å`À ã¨Ç¨ –
ǨÏ`«º‰õΩQÆ∞~°Ü«∂º~°∞. Ѩ^Œ∞Å ã¨OYºÖ’ ¢QÍ=∂Å∞
<åâ◊#=∞Ü«∂º~Ú.
u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞^•~°∞Å#∞ J}K«_»O HÀã¨O "Õ∞[~ü ZѶπ._»|∞¡º.
|~Àãπ <åÜ«∞Hõ`«fiO H˜O^Œ ѨOÑ≤# XHõ Ãã·xHõ |ÅQÍÅ |$O^ŒO
1855, AÖˇ· 16# ™êÜ«Ú^èŒ Z<£H“O@~°¡Ö’ áêÖÁæOk. `«fi~°Ö’<Õ
ÃÑ^ŒÌ "≥Ú`«ÎOÖ’ |ÅQÍÅ#∞ "≥∂ǨÏiOKå~°∞. Ü«Ú^Œú~°OQÍ#
LѨÜ≥∂yOKÕ PÜ«Ú^è•Å#∞ ^èŒiOz# 200 =∞Ok ¢a˜+π
Ô~l"≥∞O@∞‰õÄ, ã¨O¢Ñ¨^•Ü«∞Hõ PÜ«Ú^è•Å#∞ ^èŒiOz# 400
=∞Ok ã¨O^ä•ÖòʼnõÄ =∞^茺 [iy# cèHõ~°"≥∞ÿ# Z<£H“O@~üÖ’
ã¨O^ä•ÖòÅ∞ F_çáÈÜ«∂~°∞. ã¨O^ä•Öò ™È^Œ~°∞ʼnõΩ |∞Öˇ¡ò
QÍÜ«∂ÅÜ«∂º~Ú.
"≥Ú`«ÎOQÍ D L^Œº=∞O JO`«Ï ^ÀÑ≤_ô^•~°∞Å Pã¨∞ÎÅ#∞
Ѩ@∞ìHÀ=_»O, <åâ◊#O KÕÜ«∞_»O =O˜ HÍOÃÑ~Ú<£ÅÖ’
=∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞ K«∞~°∞QÍæ áêÖÁæ<åfl~°∞. D ^•_»∞ÅÖ’ ѨÙ~°∞+¨µÅ∞
^ŒÇ¨Ï#O KÕ¿ã Ѩxx KÕѨ@ìQÍ, =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞ ™⁄`«∞Î#∞ áÈQÆ∞KÕ¿ã"å~°∞.
19 =∞Ok ã¨O^ä•Öò Mˇ·nÅ ¿Ñ~°¡ Ѩ˜ìHõÖ’ ~å^èŒ, Ç‘Ï<åÅ ¿Ñ~°∞¡
L<åfl~Ú. "åi^ŒÌ~°∂ QÍÜ«∞Ѩ_»¤@∞ìQÍ LOk. Ǩ˙Öò
(u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞) JO`«=∞ÜÕ∞º=~°‰õÄ Ñ¨@∞ìHÀ=_»O, x~°ƒO^èŒOÖ’
LOK«_»O, <åºÜ«∞qKå~°} [~°Ñ¨_»O =O˜ ã¨=∞Ü«∂ÅÖ’
[iy# JkèHÍiHõ L`«Î~° ¢Ñ¨`«∞º`«Î~åÅÖ’ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å QÆ∞iOz
J<ÕHõ™ê~°∞¡ ¢Ñ¨™êÎqOKå~°∞. ^è•<åºxfl Ѩ@∞ìÔHàı¡ |∞@ìÅ∂,
ã¨OK«∞Å`À =$^Œú =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞ qѨ¡=HÍ~°∞Å`À Hõeã≤ LO_»@O
=Å# "åiH˜ XH˘¯Hõ¯iH© 50 ~°∂.Å [i=∂<å, 1 ã¨O. *ˇ·Å∞ tH∆Í
qkèOKå~°∞.
‰õΩ@∞OÉÏÅ∞ L^Œº=∂ÅÖ’ áêÖÁæ#_»=∞<Õk Jxfl Pk"åã‘
L^Œº=∂ÅÖ’#∂ ѨÙ#~å=$`«"≥∞ÿOk.1855 JHÀì|~ü #∞Oz
#=O|~ü =∞^茺=~°‰õÄ 45 =∞Ok ã¨O^ä•Öò =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å#∞ c~üÉèí∂"£∞
*ˇ·Å∞Ö’ x~°ƒOkèOKå~°∞. "åiÖ’ H˘O`«=∞Ok `«=∞ Ñ≤Å¡Å`Àáê@∞
LO_Õ"å~°∞. *ˇ·Å∞Ö’x JѨiâ◊√¢Éèí"≥∞ÿ# "å`å=~°} Ѩiã≤÷`«∞Å
=Å# JO^Œ∞Ö’ J<ÕHõ =∞Ok ~°HõÎqˆ~K«<åÅ∞, ¢_®Ñ‘û (L|∞ƒ
"åºkè)Å`À ÉÏ^èŒÑ¨_Õ"å~°∞. qKå~°} `«~åfi`« "åiÖ’ 13 =∞Okx
q_»∞^ŒÅ KÕâß~°∞. Mˇ·nÅÖ’ XHõix XHõ HÍOÃÑ~Ú<£ ã¨O^Œ~°ƒùOQÍ
Ãã·#ºO Z_»=∞HÍeÖ’ Ô~O_»∞™ê~°∞¡ HÍeÛOk, x~°ƒOkèOzOk.
JѨʘ#∞O_ô P"≥∞ HÀ~°∞ìÖ’ Ǩ[~°∞ÃÑ@ì_®xH˜ gÖË¡#O`«QÍ
[|∞ƒ`À LO_Õk. J~Ú#ѨʘH© x~°ƒO^èŒOÖ’ #∞O_ç
q_»zÃÑ@ì_®xH˜ gÖË¡x KåÖÏ ¢Ñ¨=∂^ŒHõ~°"≥∞ÿ# =ºH˜ÎQÍ P"≥∞#∞
ѨiQÆ}˜OKÕ"å~°∞. =∞Ç≤Ïà◊ÅÖ’ S^Œ∞QÆ∞iH˜ tHõ∆ Ѩ_çOk. JO^Œ∞Ö’
=ÚQÆ∞æiH˜ XHõ ã¨O=`«û~°O, W^ŒÌiH˜ 6 <≥ÅÅ∞ *ˇ·Å∞ tHõ∆ Ѩ_çOk.
Jxfl L^Œº=∂ÅÖ’#∂ u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞^•~°∞ʼnõΩ
ã¨~°Ñ¶¨~åÅ#∂, ã¨=∂Kå~åhfl JOkOKÕ Ñ¨xx Pk"åã‘ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊ÖË
KÕ¿ã"å~°∞. J<ÕHõ =∞Ok =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞ ''u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞ â◊‰õΩÎʼnõΩ Hõà◊¥¡,
K≥=ÙÅ∞——QÍ Ñ¨xKÕâß~°∞.
#=∞‡Hõ¢^ÀǨÏO =Å# Ѩ@∞ì|_ç# ã≤^Œ∂úx 1855, JQÆã¨∞ìÖ’
K«O¿Ñâß~°∞. u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞ z=i^Œâ◊Ö’ LO_»QÍ 1866,
Ѷ≤¢|=iÖ’ HÍ#∂ ¢Ñ¨=∂^Œ=âß`«∂Î JÔ~ã¨ìÜ«∂º_»∞. ~å[=∞ǨÏÖò
H˘O_»Å∞, áÈ~å_»∞`«∞#fl ã¨O^ä•Öò Ô~·`åOQÆѨ٠~°HõÎO`À
`«_çã≤áÈÜ«∂~Ú. <åÜ«∞‰õΩefl Lifã≤, W`«~°∞Å#∞ *ˇ·Ö’¡H˜
ѨOѨ_»O`À L^Œº=∞ J}z"Õ`« ѨÓ~°Î~ÚOk.
Y~ü"å~ü L^Œº=∞OY~ü"å~ü L^Œº=∞OY~ü"å~ü L^Œº=∞OY~ü"å~ü L^Œº=∞OY~ü"å~ü L^Œº=∞O (1874–79)(1874–79)(1874–79)(1874–79)(1874–79)
ã¨O^ä•Öò u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞ =Å# ¢Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO ã¨O^ä•Öò
Ѩ~°QÆ}ÏÅ#∞ U~åÊ@∞ KÕã≤Ok, H˘xfl =∂~°∞ÊÅ#∂ "åQÍÌ#O
KÕã≤Ok. HÍh, ã¨O^ä•Öò Ѩ~°QÆ}ÏÅ HÀã¨O ~°∂á⁄OkOz#
ã¨∂¢`åÅ∂, xÜ«∞O¢`«}Å∂ ^•^•Ñ¨ÙQÍ x+¨ÊùÅ"≥∞ÿáÈÜ«∂~Ú.
Jã¨O`«$Ñ≤Î "åºÑ≤Oz, =∞`«Ñ¨~°"≥∞ÿ# ™êO㨯$uHõ ѨÙ#~°∞^Œú~°}"å^Œ
L^Œº=∞O =Úã¨∞QÆ∞Ö’ Y~ü"å~ü L^Œº=∂xH˜ ^•ifã≤Ok. Éèí∂
ã¨=∞㨺 D L^Œº=∂xH˜ QÆ∞O_≥HÍÜ«∞QÍLO_Õk. "å~°∞ `å=Ú
^Œ∞xfl# Éèí∂q∞x `å"Õ∞ á⁄O^•Åh, k‰õÄÅ ^ÀÑ≤_ôx JO`«O
KÕÜ«∂Åh J#∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞.
L^Œº=∞O =∞Ç≤Ïà◊bfl, ѨÙ~°∞+¨µÅ#∂ PHõi¬OzOk.
<åÜ«∞‰õΩ_≥·# Éèíw~°^ä£ ã¨ÉèíʼnõΩ Jã¨OMϺHõOQÍ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞
Ǩ[~°ÜÕ∞º"å~°∞. =∞^•ºxH˜ ^Œ∂~°OQÍ LO_»@O XHõ
HÍ~°º¢Hõ=∞OQÍ Ñ¨Ù~°∞+¨µÅ HõO>Ë =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å<Õ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ
PHõi¬OK«_»O`À L^Œº=∂xfl q[Ü«∞=O`«O KÕÜ«∂eûOkQÍ
"åi<Õ HÀ~å~°∞. cǨ~ü, ɡOQÍÖòÅÖ’ P#∞‰õΩx L#fl
¢áêO`åÅÖ’x Ç≤ÏO^Œ∞=ÙÅÖ’x H˜Ok ‰õΩÖÏÅ∂, J}QÍi#
Ô~·`åOQÆOÖ’x =~åæÅ∂ "åi D L=∞‡_ç Pâ◊Ü«∞O HÀã¨O D
Pk"åã‘ ã¨=∂*ÏÅ`À Hõeâß~°∞.
- 14. 14 =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ=∂~°æO ! ÃãÃÑìO|~ü – JHÀì|~ü 2006
LÖòQÆ∞ÖÏ<£–a~åû=ÚO_®u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞LÖòQÆ∞ÖÏ<£–a~åû=ÚO_®u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞LÖòQÆ∞ÖÏ<£–a~åû=ÚO_®u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞LÖòQÆ∞ÖÏ<£–a~åû=ÚO_®u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞LÖòQÆ∞ÖÏ<£–a~åû=ÚO_®u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞
(1890–1900)(1890–1900)(1890–1900)(1890–1900)(1890–1900)
30 ã¨OIIʼnõΩ ÃÑ·QÍ =ÚO_® ã¨~åÌ~°∞Å∞ "åi =º=ã¨÷Öˇ·#
*Ïw~åÌ~°∞¡, >ˈH^•~°∞¡ (Ô~q#∂º Ô~·`«∞Å∞), "å}˜[º =_ô¤
"åºáê~°∞Å#∞ <åâ◊#O KÕÜ«∞_®xH˜ =ºuˆ~HõOQÍ áÈ~å_»∞`«∞<åfl~°∞.
1875Ö’ a~åû `«#‰õΩ k=º *Ï˝#O LO^ŒO@∂ XHõ =∞`«Ñ¨~°"≥∞ÿ#
L^Œº=∂xfl ¢áê~°OaèOKå_»∞. "ÕÖÏk =∞Ok J`«x K«∞@∂ì
KÕ~å~°∞. ã¨~åÌ~°∞Å ¢Ñ¨ÉèÏ=O`À =∞`«Ñ¨~°"≥∞ÿ# L^Œº=∞O `«fi~°Ö’<Õ
XHõ Ô~·`åOQÆ, ~å[H©Ü«∞ ~°∂áêxfl ã¨O`«iOK«∞‰õΩOk. áÈ~å@OÖ’
k‰õÄʼnõΩ, ~å*ϺxH˜ =ºuˆ~HõOQÍ a~åû áêÖÁæ#_»O – 1878Ö’x
ÉèÏ~°`« J@g K«@ìO VII "≥Å∞QÆ∞Ö’ J@g L`«Ê`«∞ÎÅ#∞
¿ãHõiOK«_»O, Ѩâ◊√=ÙÅ#∞ ¿ãfiK«ÛùQÍ "Õ∞Ѩ_»O "≥Ú^ŒÖˇ·# Pk"åã‘
ã¨O¢Ñ¨^•Ü«∞Hõ ǨωõΩ¯Å#∞ áÈQ˘@∞ìHÀ=_®xH˜ =ºuˆ~HõOQÍ [iy#
PO^Àà◊#`À ¢áê~°OÉèí"≥∞ÿOk. J@g JѨCÅ#∞ =∂Ѷ‘ KÕÜ«∞_»O
HÀã¨O [iy# PO^Àà◊#Ö’ ¢Ñ¨[Å∞ ÃÑ^ŒÌ ã¨OYºÖ’ áêÖÁæ#flѨʘH©
UO LѨÜ≥∂QÆO ÖˉõΩO_® áÈ~ÚOk. a~åû =∞`«, ~å[H©Ü«∞
Ѩ~°"≥∞ÿ# q+¨Ü«∂ÅÃÑ· Tˆ~yOѨÙÅ#∞ x~°fiÇ≤Ïã¨∂Î, `«#
J#∞K«~°∞Å#∞ ã¨g∞Hõiã¨∂Î ¢QÍ=∞O #∞O_ç ¢QÍ=∂xH˜ u~°QÆ_»O
¢áê~°OaèOKå_»∞. ѨÓsfi‰õΩʼnõΩ K≥Ok# ¢Ñ¨^ÕâßÅ#∂, Pk"åã‘Å∞
xi‡Oz# QÆ∞_»∞Å#∂ – P `«~åfi`« k‰õÄÅ∞ P¢Hõq∞Oz#"å˜x
– ã¨O^Œi≈OK«_»O áÈQ˘@∞ì‰õΩ#fl Pk"åã‘Å P`«‡Q“~°"åxfl uiy
ǨωõΩ¯QÍ ã¨OáêkOK«∞HÀ=_»O HÀã¨O J#∞ã¨iOz# Ѩ^Œú`«∞Ö’¡
XHõ˜. D Ü«∂¢`«ÅÖ’ ÃÑ^ŒÌ ã¨OYºÖ’ ÉÏeHõÅ∂, ¢ã‘ÎÅ∂ a~åû
"≥O@ L<åfl~°∞.
1899, ¢H˜ã¨‡ãπ ã¨O^Œ~°ƒùOQÍ P <ÕÅÖ’ =ÚO_® áêÅ##∞
™ê÷Ñ≤OK«_»O HÀã¨O a~åû XHõ u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞#∞ ¢Ñ¨Hõ˜OKå_»∞.
>ˈH^•~°∞¡, *Ïw~åÌ~°∞¡, ~å*ÏÅ∞, ǨÏH©OÅ∞ (áêʼnõΩÅ∞), ¢H˜ã≤ìÜ«∞#¡#∞
K«OѨ_®xfl ¢áÈ`«ûÇ≤ÏOKå_»∞. Pk"åã‘ÜÕ∞`«~° ¿Ñ^ŒÅÃÑ· ^•_ç
KÕÜ«∞‰õÄ_»^Œ∞.
Pk"åã¨∞Å∞ =∞^•ºhfl, ^˘OQÆ`«<åhfl, J|^•úÖÏ_»Ïhfl,
ǨÏ`«ºKÕÜ«∞_®hfl =^ŒÅ∞HÀ"åÅx K≥áêÊ_»∞. a~åû =ÚO_®
<åÜ«∞Hõ`«fiOÖ’x LÖòQÆ∞ÖÏ<£ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å#∞ HõkeOzOk.
=∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å ã¨ÊO^Œ# ¢Ñ¨K«O_»OQÍ LOk. J<ÕHõ=∞Ok =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞
– |∞~ükÇπωõΩ K≥Ok# ™êe, É’~åÎkÇπÏ #∞Oz W^ŒÌ~°∞ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞,
â◊OHõ~°, WOHÍ J<ÕHõ=∞Ok – `«=∞ Wà◊¡#∂, ‰õΩ@∞OÉÏÅ#∂
=^Œe J`«xH˜ ã¨xflÇ≤Ï`«"≥∞ÿ# ã¨Ç¨ÏK«~°∞ÅÜ«∂º~°∞. ™êe KåÖÏ
^è≥·~°ºO Hõey# =∞Ç≤Ïà◊. P"≥∞, P"≥∞ ¿ãflÇ≤Ï`«∞~åÖˇ·# =∞H˜ =ÚO_®
`«=∞`«=∞ HÀ_»à◊√¡, =∞#=~åà◊¡`À áê@∞ a~åû u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞Ö’
áêÖÁæx J`«xH˜ ã¨Ç¨Ü«∞O KÕâß~°∞. J`«x ã¨ÉèíʼnõΩ ÃÑ^ŒÌ
ã¨OYºÖ’ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞ Ǩ[~°Ü«∂º~°∞. ¢Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO J`«xfl JÔ~ã¨∞ì
KÕã≤#ѨÙ_»∞ 700 =∞Ok =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∂, ѨÙ~°∞+¨µÅ∂ KåÖòHÍ_£ ^ŒQÆæ~°
áÈQÆÜ«∂º~°∞. 1897, #=O|~ü 30# J`«_»∞ q_»∞^ŒÅÜ«∂º_»∞.
áÈbã¨∞Å∞, Ãã·#ºO`À [iy# Ç≤ÏO™ê`«‡Hõ áÈ~åÏÅÖ’
áêÖÁæO@∂ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞ a~åû J#∞K«~°∞ÅÖ’ XHõ ¢Ñ¨`ÕºHõ"≥∞ÿ#
q∞e>ˇOò ÉèÏQÆOQÍ `«Ü«∂~°Ü«∂º~°∞. J<ÕHõ JOâßÅ∞ áÈQÆ∞Ѩ_ç#
¢Ñ¨ÉèÏ="Õ∞ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊ÅÃÑ· a~åû‰õΩ#fl ¢Ñ¨K«O_»"≥∞ÿ# ¢Ñ¨ÉèÏ"åxH˜
HÍ~°}O. Ǩ˙Öò `«~åfi`« 40 ã¨OIIÅ∞ QÆ_»záÈÜ«∂~Ú, Ѩiã≤÷`«∞Å∞
=∞iO`«QÍ H©∆}˜OKå~Ú, =∞~À u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞‰õΩ Ñ¨iã≤÷`«∞Å∞
ã≤^ŒúOQÍ L<åfl~Ú.
q∞e>ˇOò áÈ~åÏxfl xÅ∞ѨÙH˘x f¢=`«~°O KÕÜ«∞_»O HÀã¨O
ã¨O^ä•Öò ã¨=∂[OÖ’ JO`«~°æ`« ¢Ñ¨H∆Íà◊# [~°QÍeû# J=ã¨~åxfl
a~åû É’^èŒ#Å∞ <˘H˜¯K≥áêÊ~Ú. WO^Œ∞Ö’x ¢Ñ¨^è•#"≥∞ÿ# JOâ◊O
– Pk"åã‘ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊ÅÃÑ· Pk"å㑠ѨÙ~°∞+¨µÅ ^ÀÑ≤_ôx JO`«O
KÕÜ«∞_»O. ѨÙ~°∞+¨µÅ∞ XHõ™êiHõO>Ë Z‰õΩ¯=™ê~°∞¡ ÃÑo¡
KÕã¨∞HÀ‰õÄ_»^Œ∞, q"å¿ÇÏ`«~° ã¨O|O^è•Å∞ LOK«∞HÀ‰õÄ_»^Œ∞,
=∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞ Z@∞=O˜ Hõ+¨ì=¸ ÖˉõΩO_® q_®‰õΩÅ∞
W=fiQÆÅQÍe. =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å`À ѨÙ~°∞+¨µÅ ã¨O|O^è•xfl J=∂#gÜ«∞O
KÕã¨∞ÎOk HÍ|˜ì =∞^Œºáê<åxfl ѨÙ~°∞+¨µÅ∞ =^ŒÅ∞HÀ"åe.
D L^Œº=∞OÖ’ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å ÉèÏQÆ™êfi=∞ºO Q˘Ñ¨ÊQÍ
¢Ñ¨^Œi≈`«"≥∞ÿOk. "åi =~°æ K≥·`«#ºO, q∞e>ˇhû ÉÏQÍ Jaè=$kú
K≥O^•~Ú. =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞ `«=∞#∞ `å=Ú L`«ÊuÎ^•~°∞Å∞QÍ,
¢âßq∞‰õΩÅ∞QÍ QÆ∞iÎOKå~°∞. L`«ÊuÎH˜ "åi ^ÀǨÏ^ŒO qt+¨ì"≥∞ÿ#n,
`«y#O`«QÍ QÆ∞iÎOѨ٠á⁄Ok#n. ™ê=∂lHõ =~°Î#, ~å[H©Ü«∞
ÉèÏQÆ™êfi=∞ºO =O˜ q+¨Ü«∂ÅÖ’ "å~°∞ `«y#O`«QÍ ¿ãfiK«Ûù#∞
J#∞ÉèíqOKå~°∞. "åà◊√¡ =ÚY∞ºÅ∞QÍ HÍ~åºÅÜ«∂Å#∞
x~°fiÇ≤ÏOK«#ѨʘH©, ¢H˜Ü«∂jÅ ÉèÏQÆ™êfi=∞º=∞<Õ ã¨O¢Ñ¨^•Ü«∂xfl
Hõey L<åfl~°∞. ã¨Éèí∞ºÅ∞QÍ, XHõ xiÌ+¨ì =~°æOQÍ, WOHÍ
=∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞QÍ ‰õÄ_® "å~°∞ J}z"Õ`«‰õΩ QÆ∞iHÍ=_»OÖ’ ‰õÄ_®
`«=∞ ÉèÏQÍxfl ѨOK«∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. Éèí∂™êfi=ÚʼnõΩ "å~°∞
|Å=O`«OQÍ T_çQÆO KÕÜ«∂eû=KÕÛk. Öˇ·OyHõOQÍ ã¨∞ÅÉèíOQÍ
^˘iˆH Z~°QÍ "åix ѨiQÆ}˜OKÕ"å~°∞. "å~°∞ "åi ã¨fiO`« ѨÙ~°∞+¨µÅ
KÕuÖ’ ‰õÄ_® – ¢Ñ¨`ÕºH˜Oz "åà◊√¡ =∞^ŒºO =∞`«∞ÎÖ’ LO_»QÍ –
J}z"Õ`«‰õΩ QÆ∞~°ÜÕ∞º"å~°∞.
JO^Œ∞=Å# L^Œº=∞OÖ’ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å áê¢`«#∞ =~°æO, Öˇ·OyHõ
J}z"Õ`« – D Ô~O_»∞ JOâßÅ`À#∂ J~°÷O KÕã¨∞HÀ"åeû LOk.
K«sÛÅ g∞^•, ¢ÔH·ã¨Î=ÙÅ g∞^Œ ^•_»∞Å`À L^Œº=∞O
¢áê~°OÉèí"≥∞ÿOk. P `«~åfi`« áÈbã¨∞ÅÃÑ· f¢="≥∞ÿ# Ç≤ÏO™ê`«‡Hõ
^•_»∞Å#∞ QÆ∞iÃÑ@ì_»O ÃÑiyáÈ~ÚOk. áÈbã¨∞Å∞ ¢QÍ=∂ÅÃÑ·
^•_ç KÕã≤#ѨÙ_»∞ Ñ≤Å¡Å∂, ¢Ñ¨`ÕºH˜Oz =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å`À áê@∞
WO˜e¡áên "åi KÕuHõOk# PÜ«Ú^è•Å`À áÈbã¨∞ÅÃÑ·H˜ ^•_çH˜
kˆQ"å~°∞. =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å áÈ~å@OÖ’x Hõiî#`«fiO, ™êǨϙêÅ â◊H˜Î –
- 15. 15 =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ=∂~°æO ! ÃãÃÑìO|~ü – JHÀì|~ü 2006
"åix ^ÀÑ≤_ô KÕ¿ã"åiÃÑ·, P ^ÀÑ≤_ô^•~°∞Å Ü«¸~ÀÑ≤Ü«∞<£,
ÉèÏ~°`« q∞¢`«∞ÅÃÑ· K«∂Ñ≤Oz# f„="≥∞ÿ# Jã¨Ç¨ÏºO,
q∞e>ˇhûÅÖ’ HõxÑ≤ã¨∞ÎOk.
Y∞Ou áÈbãπ ¿ãì+¨<£ÃÑ·<å, Éèí∂™êfiq∞ÃÑ·<å ѨÙ~°∞+¨µÅ∂,
=∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∂, Ñ≤Å¡Å∂ ^•_ç KÕã≤# `«~åfi`« Ãã·xHõ |ÅQÍÅ∞ [iÑ≤#
HÍÅ∞ÊÅÖ’ =ÚQÆ∞æ~°∞ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞ =∞~°}˜OKå~°∞. P ^•_ç JO`«Ï
a~åû ~°Hõ∆}#∞ ™êe x~°fiÇ≤ÏOzOk.
`«=∞#∞ "åi`Àáê@∞QÍ fã¨∞HÀ"åeûOkQÍ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞
¢Ñ¨*ÏhHÍxfl Pi÷OK«™êQÍ~°∞. `«=∞#∞ =kÖËã≤ ™êÇ≤ÏÉò (¢a˜+π
áêʼnõΩÅ∞) =^ŒÌ‰õΩ "≥à◊¡=Åã≤OkQÍ ¢a˜+π "åà◊¡‰õΩ q^èÕÜ«∞OQÍ
LO_Õ =ÚO_®Å‰õΩ K≥áêÊ~°∞. "å~°∞ ^•y=Ù#fl UHÍO`«
¢Ñ¨^ÕâßÅÖ’ u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞^•~°∞ʼnõΩ ã¨~°Ñ¶¨~åÅ =∂~åæÅ#∞
=∞Ç≤Ïà◊ÖË x~°fiÇ≤Ïã¨∞ÎO_»@O`À u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞^•~°∞Å
K«~åã¨∞ÎÅxflO˜h [ѨÙÎ KÕÜ«∂Åh, '"åi ÉèÏ~°ºÅ#∞ ¢QÍ=∂Å#∞
=^Œe"≥à◊§‰õΩO_® QƘìQÍ Hõ@ì_ç KÕÜ«∂Åh—, `«^•fi~å ã¨~°Ñ¶¨~åÅ#∞
PÑ≤"ÕÜ«∞=K«∞Û#h XHõ =∞`«É’^茉õΩ_»∞ ¢Ñ¨uáêkOKå_»∞.
'Ѩ~åsÖ’ L#fl"åi =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞ `«=∞ ¢QÍ=∂ÅÖ’x âßOux HÀˆ~
=ÚO_®sÅ#∞— ɡkiã¨∞Î<åfl~°x ‰õÄ_® J`«_»<åfl_»∞.
Ãã~ÚÖò ~°HõÉò H˘O_»ÃÑ· Ô~·`åOQÆO `«=∞ z=i áÈ~åÏxfl
KÕã≤#ѨÙ_»∞ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞ `«=∞ ѨÙ~°∞+¨µÅ‰õΩ `À_»∞QÍ L<åfl~°∞.
áÈbã¨∞ HÍÅ∞ÊÖ’¡ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å`À ã¨Ç¨ 200 =∞Ok =ÚO_®Å∞
=∞~°}˜OKå~°∞.
JkèHÍ~°∞Å∞ ¢QÍ=∂ÅÃÑ· J=∞Å∞KÕã≤# cÉèí`åûxH˜ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ
QÆ∞~°~ÚOk =∞Ç≤Ïà◊ÖË. áÈbã¨∞Å∂, Ãã·x‰õΩÅ∂ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊ÅÃÑ·
J`åºKå~åÅ∞ KÕâß~°∞. J<ÕHõ=∞Ok =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å#∞ JÔ~ã¨∞ì KÕã≤,
ã¨OÔHà◊√¡"Õã≤, K«~°º [iy# ¢áêO`«O #∞Oz lÖÏ¡ ÃÇÏ_£HÍfi~°ì~üû
=~°‰õÄ "åix #_çÑ≤OKå~°∞. x~°ƒO^èŒOÖ’ L#fl J<ÕHõ =∞Ok
*ˇ·Å∞Ö’<Õ =∞~°}˜OKå~°∞.
ѨÙ~°∞+¨µÅ‰õΩ *ˇ·Å∞ tHõ∆ "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ =∞~°} tHõ∆, ^Õâ◊|Ç≤Ï+¨¯~°}
=~°‰õÄ tHõ∆Å∞ Ѩ_®¤~Ú. ¢Ñ¨uѶ¨∞@#Ö’ <åÜ«∞Hõ`«fi áê¢`« áÈ+≤Oz#
QÆÜ«∞ =ÚO_® ÉèÏ~°º‰õΩ Ô~O_Õà◊¡ Hõiî# HÍ~åQÍ~° tHõ∆#∞ qkèOKå~°∞.
J}z"Õ`«`À L^Œº=∞O ѨÓiÎQÍ =ÚHõ¯Öˇ·Ok.
1900, Ѷ≤¢|=i ¢áê~°OÉèíOÖ’ a~åû Ѩ@∞ì|_®¤_»∞. AÖˇ·
<≥ÅÖ’ *ˇ·Ö’¡<Õ PÜ«∞# =∞~°}˜OKå_»∞. 7,000 =∞OkH˜ PÜ«∞#
<åÜ«∞‰õΩ_»∞. J`«x u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞ 4 ã¨OIIÅ áê@∞ #_çzOk.
P u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞#∞ Ju Hõ+¨ìO g∞^Œ J}z"Õâß~°∞ HÍh, a~åû
K«i¢`« ~°OQÆOÖ’H˜ ¢Ñ¨"ÕtOKå_»∞.
=∞#ºO u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞=∞#ºO u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞=∞#ºO u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞=∞#ºO u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞=∞#ºO u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞ (1922–1924)(1922–1924)(1922–1924)(1922–1924)(1922–1924)
¢a˜+π "åà◊¡‰õΩ =ºuˆ~HõOQÍ QÍOnè JÇ≤ÏO™ê áÈ~å@O
"Õà◊¥¡#∞‰õΩO@∞#flѨʘH©, 1920ÅÖ’ ¢QÍg∞}, J@g
¢áêO`åÅÖ’ Ô~·`åOQÆ, Pk"åã‘ áÈ~åÏÅ∞ [iQÍ~Ú. "å˜Ö’
J`«ºO`« ¢áê=ÚYºO Hõey#k – `«∂~°∞Ê Hõ#∞=∞Ö’¡x =∞#ºO
U*ˇhû ¢áêO`«OÖ’ JÅ∂¡i ã‘`å~å=∞~åA <åÜ«∞Hõ`«fiOÖ’
[iy#k. 1922 JQÆã¨∞ì #∞O_ç _çÃãO|~ü =~°‰õÄ ~åA, J`«x
J#∞K«~°∞Å∞ U*ˇhûÖ’x qq^èŒ ¢áêO`åÅÖ’x J<ÕHõ áÈbã¨∞
¿ãì+¨#¡ÃÑ· ^•_çKÕã≤ PÜ«Ú^è•Å#∂, =∞O^Œ∞QÆ∞O_»∞#∂ ™êfinè#O
KÕã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. Z<£H“O@~°¡ ã¨O^Œ~°ƒùOQÍ "åà◊√¡ W^ŒÌ~°∞
Ü«¸~ÀÑ≤Ü«∞<£ Hõ=∂O_çOQ∑ PѶ‘ã¨~°¡#∂, #Å∞QÆ∞~°∞ áÈbã¨∞Å#∂
K«Oáê~°∞. [#=i #∞Oz JHÀì|~ü =~°‰õÄ ¢a˜+π áÈbã¨∞
|ÅQÍʼnõÄ, u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞^•~°¡‰õÄ =∞^茺 9 Ju ÃÑ^ŒÌ
ã¨OѶ¨∞~°¬}Å∞ [iQÍ~Ú. D u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@¡Ö’ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å
ÉèÏQÆ™êfi=∞ºO KåÖÏ qâı+¨"≥∞ÿ#k. ¢a˜+π "åi`À ™êǨÏã¨O`À
áÈ~å_ç, P ¢áêO`« ¢Ñ¨*ÏhHõOÖ’ J=∞~°`åfixfl QÆ_çOz# ~°uÎ
J<Õ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊#∞ QÆ∞iOz qOÏO. J<ÕHõ=∞Ok =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å#∞ JÔ~ã¨∞ì
KÕã≤, z¢`«Ç≤ÏOã¨Å∞ Ãјì, "åiÃÑ· J`åºKå~åÅ∞ KÕã≤<å "å~°∞
`«Å=OK«ÖË^Œ∞. z=~°‰õΩ <åÜ«∞‰õΩ_≥·# ~åA JÔ~ã¨ì~Ú 1924,
"Õ∞ <≥ÅÖ’ J`«xfl K«OÑ≤"Õã≤# `«~åfi`« =∂¢`«"Õ∞ D
u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞#∞ J}z"ÕÜ«∞QÆeQÍ~°∞. ÃãÃÑìO|~üHõÖÏ¡
u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞ ѨÓiÎQÍ =Úyã≤áÈ~ÚOk.
H˘=Ú~°O cèO u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞ –H˘=Ú~°O cèO u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞ –H˘=Ú~°O cèO u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞ –H˘=Ú~°O cèO u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞ –H˘=Ú~°O cèO u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞ – 19401940194019401940
ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~åÉÏ^£Ö’x x*ÏO áêÅ#‰õΩ =ºuˆ~HõOQÍ H˘=Ú~°O
cèO <åÜ«∞Hõ`«fiOÖ’ [iy#k =∞~À ™êǨϙȿÑ`«"≥∞ÿ#
u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞. PkÖÏÉÏ^£ lÖÏ¡Ö’x J@g Éèí∂q∞ÃÑ· uiy
Pk"åã¨∞ʼnõΩ Ç¨Ï‰õΩ¯#∞ ã¨OáêkOK«_»O HÀã¨O Wk [iyOk.
Wk ¢Ñ¨`«ºHõ∆OQÍ ¢a˜+π "åiH˜ =ºuˆ~HõOQÍ [iy# áÈ~å@O
HÍ#ѨʘH©, P ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ ¢a˜+π "åix P^è•~°OQÍ KÕã¨∞‰õΩx
ѨxKÕã¨∂Î, u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞#∞ J}K«_»O HÀã¨O ¢a˜+π "åi ѨÓiÎ
n"≥#Å#∞ Hõey=Ù#fl Éèí∂™êfi=∞º â◊‰õΩÎʼnõΩ =ºuˆ~HõOQÍ [iy#n
áÈ~å@O. W`«~° Pk"åã‘ áÈ~åÏÅxflO˜Ö’ XHõ xÜ«∞=∞OQÍ
[iy#@∞¡QÍ<Õ D ™êÜ«Ú^èŒ áÈ~å@OÖ’ ‰õÄ_® PkÖÏÉÏ^£Ö’x
QÀO_»∞ Pk"åã‘ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞ ÃÑ^ŒÌ ã¨OYºÖ’ áêÖÁæ<åfl~°∞. 1940Ö’
[iy# z=i Ü«Ú^ŒúOÖ’ cèO`Àáê@∞ J<ÕHõ =∞Ok =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞
=∞~°}˜OKå~°∞, u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞#∞ ¢‰õÄ~°OQÍ J}z"Õâß~°∞. `«#
Éèí~°Î cèO =∞~°}˜Oz#ѨÙ_»∞ H˘=Ú~°O ™ÈOÉÏ~Ú Ñ¨ã≤a_»¤#∞
#_»∞=Ú‰õΩ Hõ@∞ì‰õΩx áÈbã¨∞Å`À Ü«Ú^ŒúO KÕã≤# ã¨OQÆu
JO`«QÍ "≥Å∞QÆ∞Ö’H˜ ~åx x[O.
cèO, WOHÍ L^Œº=∂xH˜ K≥Ok# W`«~° J=∞~°∞Å∂ ˆH=ÅO
QÀO_»∞ ¢Ñ¨[Å *Ï˝Ñ¨HÍÅÖ’<Õ HÍHõ D<å˜ áÈ~å@ ¢Ñ¨*ÏhHÍxH˜
‰õÄ_® XHõ #=¸<åQÍ LOÏ~°∞.
(q∞QÆ`å 18= ¿ÑrÖ’)
- 16. 16 =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ=∂~°æO ! ÃãÃÑìO|~ü – JHÀì|~ü 2006
Hõ^äŒ
<åHÀ ¿Ñ^ŒÌ HÀi‰õΩOk. QÆ|QÆÉÏ ¿Ñ^ŒÌ^•<≥·fláÈ~Ú
Ѩ^ŒÌ=∞‡O`≥·áÈ"åÅ. JѨC_»∞ WOuO`« ¿Ñ^ŒÌ áê=_®Å∞ Hõ@∞ìH˘x,
~°OQÆ∞~°OQÆ∞Å ÃÑ·>Ë¡ã¨∞H˘x, ¿Ñ^ŒÌ¿Ñ^ŒÌ K≥ѨCÖËã¨∞H˘x... =∂ Ѩ^ŒÌ=∞‡
J_»∞QÆ∞Ö’ <å ~˘O_»_»∞QÆ∞Å∂ ÃÑ_ç`Õ WOHÍ WO`« q∞yeáÈ`«k.
Jã¨Å∞ =∂ Ѩ^ŒÌ=∞‡ ZO`« ÃÑ^ŒÌQÆ∞O@^À g∞‰õΩ `≥Å=^Œ∞ Hõ^•!
<Õ#∞ xÅ|_ç KÕ`«∞Å∞ ÃÑ·ÔHuÎ`Õ <å KÕ`«∞Å q∞O^Œ WOHÍ
ÃÑ·‰õΩO@k. =∂ H˘OQÆ HÍà◊§ ÉÏÅ#fl ÖË_® ... PÜ«∞#O`«
á⁄_»∞QÆ∞æO@k `≥Å∞™ê!... =∂ ÉÏÅ<≥fl@∞ìO@_À ‰õÄ_» g∞‰õΩ
`≥Å=^Œ∞ Hõ^•! JÉσ ÉèíÖË LOÏ_Õ¡... á⁄_»∞QÆ∂˜ HÍàı§ã¨∞H˘x
ã¨#flOQÍ WOuO`« JOQÆÖËã¨∞H˘x TQÆ`å #_»™êÎ=ÙO>Ë
Wz¢`«OQÍ =ÙO@k. ''Xˆ~ H˘OQÆHÍà◊§ ÉÏÅÜ«∂º—— Jx JO^Œ~°∂
Ñ≤Å™êÎ Ü≥∞H˜¯i™êÎ LOÏ~°∞QÍx Jã¨Å∞ "≥ÚQÀà◊√§ J>Ëfl á⁄_»∞QÍæ
LO_®ÅO@. WOHõ ~ÀO`« |Å"≥Ú¿ãÎ ÉÏQÆ∞O@_»O@. Ѩ^ŒÌ=∞‡
J>Ëìg∞ ã¨#flOQÍ LO_»^Œ∞, TQÆ`å #_»=^Œ∞. á⁄_»∞H˜¯
ã¨iáÈ~Ú#O`« ÖÏ=ÙQÍ<Õ LO@k. J|ƒ ... <åÔH·`Õ Ñ¨^ŒÌ=∞‡x
K«∂™êÎ=ÙO>Ë ^Õ=`åÅ∞O@k.
J^ÕO^ÀQÍx JO^Œ~°∂ Ѩ^ŒÌ=∞‡x QÆ∞iOz
K≥ѨCHÀ"åÅÛ¿ãÎ JÜ≥∂º ... Ѩ^ŒÌ=∂‡x J^ÕO^ÀQÍ "≥ÚMÏÅ∞
ÃÑ_»`å~°∞. Kè« ... "åà◊§ˆHO `≥Å=^Œ∞. J@∞ìO_»@O ÉèíÖË Q˘Ñ¨Ê
Hõ^•! ... XHõ™êi "åà◊§ ÃÑ^ŒÌHõ¯ ‰õÄ_® =∂ J=∞‡`À K≥|`«∞Ok
Hõ^• ... ''ѨÓ~å‚! ZO^Œ∞ˆH J^ŒÏì ÃÑiyáÈ`å=ÙOk. =∞<Àà◊§Ö’¡
Z=Ù~°<åfl W@∞ì<åfl~å! JO^Œ~°∂ =¸_»∞ g∞@~°¡`À áê=_®
‰õΩ˜ìOK«∞H˘O>Ë ^•xH˜Ñ¨C_Õ <åÅ∞QÆ∞ g∞@~°∞¡ Ѩ_»`å=ÙOk. WOHõ
K≥ѨCÅ∞ K«∂_»∞, U JOQÆ’¡#<åfl ^•xH˜ ã¨iáÈ~Ú#~Ú
^˘~°Hõ`«∞O_»Ü«∂. PkzÛ ‰õΩ˜ìOK«∞H˘O>Ë `«Ñ¨Ê ‰õΩ^Œ~°ìO ÖË^Œ∞.
WkÏì<Õ ÃÑiyáÈ`å=ÙO>Ë ÃÑà◊§=^•Ì. UO áêѨO KÕâß=∞<Õ
=∂H˜ÏìOHõ Y~°‡|˜ìOk—— "≥ÚY=∞O`å kQÆ∞Å∞QÍ *Ëã¨∞H˘x
ã¨∞|∞ƒÅ∞ ÃÑ^ŒÌ=∞‡ JÏì JO@∞O>Ë <å‰õΩ Xà◊√§ =∞O_çáÈ~ÚOk.
Ѩ^ŒÌ=∂‡! P "≥Ú~°∞Ûq∞O^Œ K˘Ñ¨ÊHõ@ìÅO^Œ∞H˘x
Z^ŒÌÅ=ÚO^≥Ü«∞º=∂‡ ...J@Hõq∞O^Œ #∞Oz *Ï_ô kOK«=∂‡...
D aÜ«∞ºO |™êÎ [~°∞Ѩ=∂‡... P ~ÀÖˇuΠѨHõ¯#ɡ@ì=∂‡...
WOHÍ J^Œ=∂‡... W^Œ=∂‡... WÏìO’˜ÔH·`Õ P"≥∞ á⁄_»∞QÆ∂ÖÏ=Ó
ÉÏQÍ Ñ¨xH˘™êÎÜÕ∞O... pè ... D ÃÑ^ÀÌà◊§O`å WO`Õ
ã¨O`À+¨Ñ¨_»¤OQÆ∂_» `≥Å=^Œ∞.
''Ѩ^ŒÌ=∂‡ x<≥fl=Ù~°<åfl á⁄_»∞QÍæ =ÙO_®=Ù, ÖÏ=ÙQÍ
=ÙO_®=Ù JxQÍ#O>Ë ÉÏQÍ u@∞ì. QÆ=Ú‡QÍ =ÙO_˘^Œ∞Ì.
ѨHõ¯#∞O>Ë <Õ#∞QÆ∂_» ÉÏQÍ u_»`åÖË! ‰õΩà◊√§É’`Àà◊√§ "åà◊¡Ïì
ÖË~°x Hõ_»∞ѨÙ=∞O@—— J<åfl<˘Hõ™êi.
''Dà◊§ |∞^Œ∞ÌeO`ÕÖË... z#fl`«Î HÍÅ=Ö’ *ÏiѨ_ç
K≥~ÚºiyOkQÆ^•! Jk ã¨iQÍ Hõ@∞ìHÀHõ ~ÀO`« =OHõ~° uiyO^Œx
‰õΩO˜n, ‰õΩO˜n J#_»OÖÏ ... =∞# =¸QÆ `å`« ÖË_® ...
PÜ«∞#¿Ñ~°∞ ÃÑOK«ÅÜ«∞ºO@. =∞#ÔH=ÙiHõ<åfl `≥Å∞™ê. =∞}˜QÍ_çfl
á⁄’ìì_»<ÕQÆ^• JO^Œ~°∂ Ñ≤eKÕk. Z^Œ∞~°∞QÍ J<Àflà◊§<≥·`Õ UO^Œ<åfl
u@ìQÆÅO. Z#ÔH#Hõ J<Õ"åà◊§`À U=∞#QÆÅO. J#∞H˘O>Ë J#∞H˘x
K«KåÛˆ~¡ Jx QÆ=Ú‡# =∞#Ѩx =∞#O KÕã¨∞H˘OÏ áÈ@"Õ∞——
JOk Ѩ^ŒÌ=∞‡.
Jã¨Å∞ Ѩ^ŒÌ=∞‡k =∂ T~°∞ HÍ^Œ∞. "åà◊§ J=∞‡"≥∂‡à◊§
Tik. "åà◊§ Tˆ~"≥∂ =∂ J=∞‡=∂‡ "åà◊§ T~°=`«k. "åà◊§
W^ŒÌ~°Hõ¯bfl "Õ∞#=∂=∞ňH WzÛ KÕâß~°∞. <å‰õΩ `≥eã≤#Ѩʘ#∞Oz
Ѩ^ŒÌ=∞‡ D_»<Õ LO_Õk. =~°ã¨H˜ Ñ≤#fl=∞‡=`«kQÍx <Õ<≥ѨC_»∂
JÏì Ñ≤Å=ÖÏ.
á⁄^ŒÌ<Õfl WO’ Ѩ#¡hfl J~Ú#OHõ K«^ŒÌ#flO ux,
=∞*Ï˚<åxH˜ J#flO ˜Ñ¶≤<£HÍÔ~rÖ’ ÃÑ@∞ìH˘x ~ÀE KÕÖ’H˜
á⁄ÜÕ∞ºk Ѩ^ŒÌ=∞‡. =∂ Ñ≤Ö’¡à◊§H˜ ÃãÅ"˘zÛO^ŒO>Ë KåÅ∞, KåÖÏ
‰õΩâßÅQÍ Ñ¨^ŒÌ=∞‡HÍ_çH˜ á⁄ÜÕ∞º"åà◊§O. KÕÅÖ’¡ ^˘iˆH
D`«HÍ~ÚÅ∞, p=∞zO`«HÍ~ÚÅ∞ U~Ú ^˘iH˜`Õ J~Úº
HÀã≤ÃÑ_»`å=ÙO_Õk. JO^Œ~°O Hõeã≤ JѨC_»Ñ¨C_»∞ ѨHõ¯KÕÅÖ’¡
HÍ~ÚÅ∞ ‰õÄ_» ^˘OyeOKÕ"åà◊§O. Z=Ùi HõO’¡#<åflѨ_ç`Õ
''|_çu H˘Ü«∂ºÅ∞O_»=Ù, z#fl Ñ≤Å¡ÖËflã¨∞H˘x UO^• ^˘OQÆѨ#∞¡——
Jx u>Ëì"åà◊√§. K≥~°∞=Ù Hõ@ìH˜O^Œ "åQÆ∞O@k Hõ^•! P_çH˜
ZѨC_»<åfl D`« <Õ~°Ê_®xH˜ =∞=∞‡efl fã¨Hõá⁄ÜÕ∞ºk. KÕÖ’
ÃÑ^ŒÌQÍ Ñ¨xÖËHõáÈ`Õ WOHõ =∂KÕ`« É’Öˇ_®Ï¡_çKÕÛk.
XHõ™êˆ~"≥∞ÿO^À `≥Å∞™ê ... =∂ ~°=} `å`Àà◊√§ H˘`«ÎQÍ
`˘qfi# ÉÏÜ«ÚO^Õ! ^•x QÆ@∞ìq∞O^Œ XHõ `å˜K≥@∞ìOk.
ÉÏ~ÚÖ’ =∞@ìO`å áÈ¿ãã¨iH˜ =∂#O`å =ÚxyáÈ~Ú |∞l˚
K≥>ˇÿìáÈ~ÚOk. "≥Ú`«ÎO P K«∞@∞ìѨHõ¯Å JxflO˜HõO>Ë =ÚO^Œ∞
P K≥>Ëì HÍ~ÚÅ∞ HÍã≤Ok. JѨC_»∞ Ѩ^ŒÌ=∞‡ ÜÕ∞~°∞â◊#QÆ KÕ#∞HÍ_»
HÍѨÖÏ LO_Õk. HÍ~ÚÅ∞ H˘OK«O ÃÑ^≥·Ì#OHõ "å˜x
HÀã¨∞H˘O^•=∞#∞‰õΩ<åflO. Ѩ^ŒÌ=∞‡ K≥@∞ì =∂#∞HÍ_» xÅ|_ç
K≥Ü≥∞ºuÎ`Õ WOHÍ ~˘O_»∞ =¸~°Å∞ q∞yeáÈ~ÚOk. P
K«∞@∂ì=Ù#fl =∞@ìO`å ^ŒyæiQÍ áÈã≤#O. JO^ŒÖÏ ... ÃÑ^ŒÌ~å~Ú
=∞˜ìq∞O^Õã≤ ZH˜¯ K«∂ã≤Ok. TǨï ... JO^Œ<Õ JO^ŒÖÏ ...
Ѩ^ŒÌ=∞‡ZO`«ÃÑ^ŒÌOQÆ∞O@^À!
– _®IIÑ≤.q[Ü«∞ÅH˜∆‡
- 17. 17 =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ=∂~°æO ! ÃãÃÑìO|~ü – JHÀì|~ü 2006
=∂ÔH>ˇÿì<å `å˜=ÚOlÅ∞ u<åÅ#∞Ok. HÍx H˘>Ëì^≥Ïì! Ѩ^ŒÌ=∞‡H˜
K≥>ˇìHõ¯_»O =ã¨Î^ŒO@QÍx, "åà◊§ TiHÍ_» XHõ™êi K≥>ˇìH˜¯
`å˜HÍ~ÚÅ∞ H˘_»`«∞O>Ë "åà◊§ <å~Ú# K«∂ã≤ Kå=Q˘˜ìO_»O@
P_»Ñ≤Å¡Å∞ `å˜K≥>ˇìHõ¯_»"Õ∞O^Œx. P ÉèíÜ«∞O`À WOÔHѨC_»∂
`å˜K≥@∞ì *’eH˜ áÈÖË^ŒO@.
<å‰õΩ #_»∞O^ŒQÆæ~° gѨÙ# áê=_® H˜O^ŒH˜ H˘_»=eQÆ∞zÛ
#_»∞OѨ@∞ìH˘x K≥@∞ìÃÑ·H˜ `Àã≤Ok. HÍÜ«∞Å^•HÍ áÈQÆeQÍ#∞QÍx
=∞@ìѨ@∞ìH˘x K≥@∞ìq∞O^ŒH˜ Z>ˇìHͯ֒ `≥bÖÏ ... JO`Õ
P_»#∞Oz [¢~°∞#*Ïi H˜O^ŒH˘KÕÛã≤<å. Ѩ^ŒÌ=∞‡ *ÏQÆ~°ÎÅhfl K≥Ñ≤Ê
=∞m§ ÃÑ·H˜ <≥˜ìOk. ZO`«QÍ Hõ+¨ìѨ_ç<å K≥@∞ìq∞O^ŒH˜
áÈÖËHõáÈ`«∞<åfl. P ~À[O`å =∂HÀÑ≤‰õΩ#flxfl ™ê~°∞¡ J>Ëfl*Ëã≤#O,
=∂=Å¡ HÍÖÏ. ~˘O_À~ÀA U^≥·`Õ J^≥·O^Œx Ѩ^ŒÌ"Õ∞‡
K≥>ˇìHͯÅ#∞H˘#flk. ##∞fl Hõ@ìq∞O^ŒÔHH˜¯ Z=Ù~°<åfl
=ã¨∞Î<åflˆ~"≥∂#x K«∞@∂ì K«∂_»=∞#flk. HÍà◊§H˜ |O^èŒ"Õ∞ã¨∞H˘x
~˘O_»OQÆÖ’¡ K≥>ˇìH˜¯ HÍ~ÚÅ∞ HÀ¿ãã≤Ok.
`«~°"å`« H˘kÌ~ÀAňH "åà◊§"≥Ú‡¿ãÎ P"≥∞`Àáê@∞
Ѩ^ŒÌ=∞‡ TiÔHo§áÈ~ÚOk. "åà◊§ ÃÑ^ŒÌHõ¯ JѨC_»Ñ¨C_»∂ =∂
J=∞‡HÍ_çH˘zÛ K≥|`å=ÙO>Ë Ñ¨^ŒÌ=∞‡ ã¨OQÆ`«∞Å∞ `≥Å™êÎ LO_Õq.
Ѩ^ŒÌ=∞‡H˜ ÃÑo§ ã¨O|O^è•Å∞ K«∂ã¨Î<åfl~°O@. Z=Ù~°∂
KÕã¨∞HÀ=ÏxH˜ =ÚO^Œ∞‰õΩ ~å@OÖË^ŒO@. <åÅ∞ÔQ·^Õà◊√§
ZuH˜#OHõ XHÍÜ«∞# =ÚO^Œ∞H˘zÛO_»∞. ''g_»∞ Pã≤ÎHÀã¨O
XѨCH˘<åfl_»∞QÍx P Ñ≤Å¡`À ã¨O™ê~°O*ˇÜ«∞º_®xH˜ HÍ^Œ∞——
J<åfl~°O^Œ~°∂. Ѩ^ŒÌ=∞‡H˜ PÔ~Hõ~åÅ =∂QÍ}˜, KåÖÏ |OQÍ~°O
ÃÑ_»`«<åfl~°∞. PÜ«∞#ˆH"≥∂ KÕ`«∞Å∞ `«Ñ¨Ê =∞ˆ~ Pã‘Î ÖË^Œ∞.
ÃÑo§ <≥Å∂¡~°∞ ~°OQÆ<åÜ«∞‰õΩÅ∞ QÆ∞à’§ ÃÑ@∞ì‰õΩ<åfl~°∞.
=∂‰õΩ ÉÏQÍ ^Œyæi |O^èŒ∞=ÙÅ∞ HÍ|˜ì JO^Œ~°∂ =ÚO^Õ Zàϧ~°∞.
=∂ J=∞‡ U^À Ѩ#∞O^Œx `«~°"å`« ~ÀA <Õ~°∞QÍ ÃÑo§ˆH
fã¨HõáÈ~ÚOk. "Õ∞O á⁄ÜÕ∞ºã¨iH˜ ÃÑo§ =∞O_»Ñ¨=∞O`å
QÆO^Œ~°QÀà◊OQÍ LOk. J~°∞ѨÙÅ∞, U_»∞ѨÙÅ∞ ~ÚxÑ≤™êÎ=ÙO_»~Ú.
K«∞@∂ì =∞#∞+¨µÅO`å ^Œ_çHõ˜ì#@∞¡<åfl~°∞. J=∂‡, <Õ#∂
z#flOQÍ ^•i*Ëã¨∞H˘OÏ ~ÀO`« ֒ѨeÔHo§#O. XHÍÜ«∞#
XHõKÕ`ÀΠѨOK≥QÆ|@∞ìH˘x JÁÔHQÆ∞~°∞ WÁÔHQÆ∞~°∞`À ~°OÔHÖË™êÎ
L<åfl_»∞. ''"å_»Éσ J=∂‡ K«zÛ¢#x K«OHõÅ∞ QÆ∞^Œ∞ÌH˘OÏ D
ÃÑo§ KÕã¨∞Î<åfl~å! Ñ≤Ö’¡_»∞ Ñ≤ÖÏ¡ K«∂ã¨∞H˘<åfl~°∞, XHõ~˘flHõ~°∞
#KåÛ~°x =∂‰õΩ =∂Ü«∞=∂@Å∞ K≥|`å~å! U^À Hõey<Àà◊√§,
ÃÑ^ŒÌ=∞#∞+¨µÅx #q∞‡#O^Œ∞‰õΩ =∂ Q˘O`«∞Å∞ HÀ™êÎ~å! "å_çfl
<À’¡ <åeHõÖË<À}˜‚*Ëã≤ D ^≥Ü«∞ºÑ≤ÊÅ¡#O@QÆ_»`å~å! W^Œ∂~å!
=Å¡HÍ_®! WO`«<åºÜ«∞O [~°QÆ`å=ÙO>Ë W^ÕO^Œ<Õ =∞}˜¿ãÖË_®!
ÃÑ^ŒÌ=∞}˜Ã+=Ù_»<åfl =ÙO>Ë ~åO_ç, <åÜ≥∞O*ˇÑ¨ÊO_ç——.
XHÍ"≥∞ [<åÅ"≥·Ñ¨Ù KÕ`«∞Å∞ ÉÏ~°*Ïz QÆ∞O_≥Å∞
ÉÏ^Œ∞H˘OÏ ''hÔHO`«<åflÜ«∞O [~°QÆ`«∞Ok~å H˘_»HÍ ... JO^Œ~°∂
HõeÃãO`« <å@Hõ=∂_®¢~å `«O¢_ô... =∞=∞‡efl Ñ≤Å¡x
E_»HõO_®*Ëã≤ h"≥∞_»H˜ QÆ∞k|O_»QÆÏìÅx K«∂™êÎ<åfl¢~å `«O¢_ô
... "åà◊§ =∂Ü«∞Ö’|_ç P_»=∞#fl@ìÖÏ¡ P_çuqQÆ^Œ~å <åÜ«∞<å!
D_»^•HÍ =zÛ#OHõ WOˆH_çH˜ áÈ^ŒÌ<ÕQÆ^Œ~å! =∞=∞‡efl <Õ~°∞QÍ
ÃÑo§HÍ_çˆH ~°Ñ≤Êã≤Îi~À ...—— P"≥∞ â’HÍÅ∞ =∞O_»Ñ¨=∞O`å yOy~°∞¡
u~°QÆ`«∞<åfl~Ú.
Dàı§QÍHõO_® WOHÍ "åà◊§`À>Ë =zÛ<Ààı§"≥∂ z<åflÃÑ^•Ì
Q˘O`«∞Å∞ Kå<å<Õ WxÑ≤™êÎ<åfl~Ú. =∂"åà‹·§`Õ "åà◊§x
HÍàϧܫ∂àϧ|_ç |uOÖÏ_»`«∞<åfl~°∞. "åà◊√¡ ~ÀO`«QÆ∂_»
`«QÆæ_»OÖÏ ...
J=Ù#∂, WO`«H© Ѩ^ŒÌ"Õ∞‡k? J@∂W@∂
^•i*Ëã¨∞H˘OÏ ZuH˜`Õ Ñ‘@Åq∞O^Œ ‰õÄ~ÀÛx HõxÑ≤OzOk.
ѨHõ¯# ÃÑo§H˘_»∞QÆ∂æ_» L<åfl_»∞. Ѩ^ŒÌ=∞‡ Ѩ@∞ìp~°QÆ@∞ìHÀx Wxfl
#QÆÅ∞, ѨÓÅ[_»`À *Ï`«~À¡ J"≥∂‡ifl JÅOHõiOz#@∞ìOk.
=ÚO^Œ∞#fl P ѨàϧÅ∞QÆ∂_» ã¨iQÆæ ã¨iáÈÜ«∂~Ú. `«#QÆ∞iOKÕ
JO`« Q˘_»= [~°QÆ`å=Ù<åfl P"≥∞ "≥ÚHõOÖ’ ÉÏ^èŒQÍx
ã¨O`À+¨OQÍx Ug∞ Hõ#Ѩ_»¤OÖÏ. J^ŒO`å `«#‰õΩ ã¨O|O^èŒOÖËx
Q˘_»=#fl@∞ìQÍ<Õ ‰õÄ~˘Û#flk.
ÃÑo§H˘_»∞‰õΩ "≥ÚHõO ÉÏ^èŒQÍÃÑ@∞ìHÀx P Q˘_»=™êÜÕ∞
K«∂™êÎ=Ù<åfl_»∞. ‰õÄ~ÀÛ#∞O>Ë Ñ¨^ŒÌ=∞‡O`Õ á⁄_»∞QÆ∂ ÖÏ=Ó
L#fl@∞ì<åfl_»∞. HÍHõáÈ`Õ Ñ¨^ŒÌ=∂‡Å JÜÕ∞º~¸
ÃÑ@∞ìHÀHõá⁄ÜÕ∞ºã¨iH˜ =∂=¸Å∞QÍ<Õ L<åfl_»∞.
WO`«Ö’ XHÍ"≥ÚzÛ ''hˆHO QÍKå~°O~å `«=Ú‡_®! D
^Œi¢^•xfl *Ëã¨∞HÀÏxH˜, |OQÍ~°=∞O˜ Ñ≤Å¡xEã≤ KÕ™êÎO, ~å~å
áÈ^•O—— Jx ÃÑo§H˘_»∞‰õΩ K≥~Úº|@∞ìHÀx XHõ QÆ∞OAQÆ∞OlOk.
''Dà◊§H˜ =∂˜KåÛ#∞. WO`« ^Œ∂~°"≥ÚzÛ#OHõ
Ü≥∞#H˜¯ÉÁÜÕ∞º^ÕOk. <ÕhÑ≤Å¡<Õ *Ëã¨∞H˘OÏ. #zÛ<Àà◊√§O_ç
<åÅ∞QÆzÛO`«ÖˇÜ«∞ºO_ç, ÖË<Àà◊√§ QÆ=Ú‡# Z=Ùi^•~Àflà◊√§
É’O_ç—— Jx ÔQ˜ìQÍ Jiz K≥~Úºx XHõ¯ WkeOÑ≤keKåÛ_»∞.
''D_çˆH^À =∞O^À=∂HÀ ÃÑÏìˆ~ `«b¡ ... =∂ H˘_»∞‰õΩx
=∂QÍæ‰õΩO_® *Ëã¨∞Î<åflˆ~ `«b¡—— ... "åà◊§=∞‡ `«ÅÉÏ^Œ∞H˘OÏ
â’HÍÅ∞ɡ_»`å LOk.
=∂"åà◊√§ "åà◊§ <åÜ«∞xfl, PÜ«∞#`Àáê@∞
H˘O`«=∞Okx ѨHõ¯H˜ fã¨Hõá⁄Ü«∂º~°∞. P_» UO [~°QÆ`«∞O^À
`≥b_»OÖÏ. "åà◊√¡ PÇ¨Ï ... TǨï JOÏ J@∂ W@∂ `«ÅÅ∞
uѨÊ`å=Ù<åfl~°∞. Dàı§O^À KÕ`«∞Å∞|@∞ìHÀx QÆ_®¤Å∞|@∞ìHÀx
|uOÖÏ_»`å=Ù<åfl~°∞. JÏì Kå<å¿ãѨ٠[iy#OHõ
ѨHõ¯H˜É’~Ú<Àà◊§O^Œ~°∂ =KÕÛâß~°∞. "åà’§à◊§O^Œ~°∂ XHõ^Œyæ~°
xÅ|_ç UO^ÕO^À ~ÀO`«¿ãѨ٠QÆ∞ã¨QÆ∞ã¨QÍ =∂Ï¡_»∞H˘<åfl~°∞.
JѨʘ^•HÍ ™È^≥ÌOEã¨∞Î<Àflà◊§O^Œ~°∂ "åà◊§Ö’ "åà◊√¡
=∂Ï¡_»∞‰õΩOÏ =Ù<åfl~°∞. (q∞QÆ`å 24= ¿ÑrÖ’)
- 18. 18 =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ=∂~°æO ! ÃãÃÑìO|~ü – JHÀì|~ü 2006
ã‘΢Å∞ – ~å[ºÇ≤ÏOã¨
"≥·ZãπP~ü JkèHÍ~°OÖ’H˜ ~å=_®xH˜ =ÚO^Œ∞ ¢Ñ¨[ʼnõΩ
KÕã≤# "åQÍÌ<åÖ’¡ =ÚYº"≥∞ÿ#q Lz`« q^Œ∞º`«∞Î, ¢Ñ¨*Ï™êfiq∞Hõ
ǨωõΩ¯Å Ñ¨i~°Hõ∆}. K«O¢^ŒÉÏ|∞ <åÜ«Ú_»∞ ¢Ñ¨Ñ¨OK« ÉϺO‰õΩ
áêÖË~°∞QÍ =º=ǨÏiã¨∞Î<åfl_»x ¢Ñ¨uѨHõ∆OÖ’ LO_»QÍ t"åÅ∂y#
~å[âıY~ü Ô~_ç¤ `å#∞ K«O¢^ŒÉÏ|∞‰õΩ U=∂¢`«O fã≤áÈ#h, WOHÍ
Ô~O_®‰õΩÅ∞ Z‰õΩ¯"Õ K«k"å#x `«fi~°Ö’<Õ x~°∂Ñ≤OK«∞‰õΩ<åfl_»∞.
#HõûÖˇ·@¡`À K«~°ÛÅ∞ [~°Ñ¨Hõ `«Ñ¨Êxã¨i Ѩiã≤÷u =KåÛHõ K«~°ÛÅ
ã¨O^Œ~°ƒùOQÍ =∂¢`«"Õ∞ H˘^ÀÌ Q˘áÈÊ âßOuQÍ =Ù#fl ¢Ñ¨[ÅÃÑ· K«~°ÛÅ∞
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2005 [#=i "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞H˘x <Õ˜ =~°‰õÄ ¢Ñ¨[ÅÃÑ· J=∞Å=Ù`«∞#fl
¢‰õÄ~° x~°ƒO^èŒOÖ’ 300 =∞OkH˜ ÃÑ·QÍ qѨ¡=HÍ~°∞Å ¢áê}ÏÅ#∞
ǨÏiOK«_»"Õ∞ H͉õΩO_®, ¢Ñ¨*Ï ã¨OѶ¨∂ÅÖ’ ѨxKÕ¿ã J<ÕHõ=∞Okx
JÔ~ã¨∞ì KÕÜ«∞_»O, z¢`«Ç≤ÏOã¨Å∞ ÃÑ@ì_»O ™ê#∞Éèí∂uѨ~°∞Åx,
ÖË^• ™ê#∞Éèí∂uѨ~°∞Å<Õ =Ú¢^Œ "Õã≤# "åà◊§#∞ ɡkiOK«_»O,
Ç≤ÏOã≤OK«_»O, Wà◊§ÃÑ· ^•_»∞Å∞ KÕÜ«∞_»O, Wà◊√§ ‰õÄÅÛ_»O
Ѩiáê˜ J~ÚOk. ÃÑ·QÍ á¶êºHõ∆<£ b_»~°∞¡ ã¨"åà◊√§
qã¨∞~°∞‰õΩ#fl@∞¡QÍ XHõiH˜ Ѩk=∞Okx K«OѨÙ`åO JO@∂
áÈbã¨∞ JkèHÍ~°∞Å∞ Ѩ¢uHÍ ¢Ñ¨Hõ@#Å∞ W=fi_»O ‰õÄ_®
PO¢^茢Ѩ^Õâò áÈbã¨∞ňH K≥e¡Ok.
J~Ú`Õ ¢âßq∞Hõ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞, =∞^茺 `«~°QÆu =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞
L^Œº=∂ÅÖ’ ¢H˜Ü«∂jÅOQÍ áêÖÁæ#fl K«i¢`« =∞#k. ¢Ñ¨[Å∞
xi‡Oz#, xi‡ã¨∞Î#fl K«i¢`«Ö’ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Åk x~°‚Ü«∂`«‡Hõ"≥∞ÿ#
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"å˜ f¢=`«#∞ Z^Œ∞~À¯=Åã≤# Ѩiã≤÷u. J~Ú`Õ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞
Z^Œ∞~˘¯<Õ J}z"Õ`« Ñ≤`«$™êfi=∞ºO ‰õÄ_® `À_»~Ú#
Ô~O_»OK«∞Å HõuÎ =O˜k.
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Ѩi~°Hõ∆}Ë"≥∂ (JÖÏO˜ ¢Éèí=∞Å∞ Z=iH© ÖË#ѨʘH©) HÍh, "å˜x
=∞iO`« f¢=OQÍ H˘#™êyOK«_»OÖ’ ~å[âıY~ü Ô~_ç¤ ¢Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO
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''áê=Ú——Å#∞ ‰õÄ_® Ѩ@∞ìH˘zÛOk. PQÆã¨∞ì 2005Ö’ HÍO¢ÔQãπ
ZO.ZÖò.Z. #iûÔ~_ç¤ Ç¨Ï`åº#O`«~°O ѨÙ@∞ìH˘zÛ# #~åû HÀ¢ÉÏãπ,
HÍHõfÜ«∞ HÀ¢ÉÏãπ, WOHÍ J<ÕHÍ<ÕHõ HÀ¢ÉÏ =Ú~îåÅ#∞
LѨÜ≥∂yOz ¢Ñ¨*Ï ã¨OѶ¨∂Å <åÜ«∞‰õΩÅ#∞ ǨÏ`«ºKÕã≤Ok.
2005, PQÆã¨∞ì 24# `≥ÅOQÍ}Ï [#ã¨Éèí <åÜ«∞‰õΩÅ∞,
Láê^蕺ܫÚÅ∞ Hõ#HÍKåix ǨÏ`«ºKÕÜ«∞_»O`À ¢Ñ¨*Ï
ã¨OѶ¨∂ÅÃÑ· "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞Ãјì# D J}z"Õ`« KåÖÏ f¢=OQÍ
H˘#™êyOk. =∞ǨÏ|∂Éò#QÆ~üÖ’ Hõ#HÍKåi JOu=∞ Ü«∂¢`«‰õΩ
Ǩ[Ô~·# J<Õ‰õΩÅ`Àáê@∞ ZÑ≤ã≤Z"£∞Zãπ <åÜ«∞‰õΩÅ∞ *’ºu,
ã¨∞*Ï`«, Ѩ=#, ^Õ"ÕO¢^Œ, J=∞~°∞Å |O^èŒ∞q∞¢`«∞Å Hõq∞©
Hõhfi#~ü Ѩ^Œ‡‰õΩ=∂i, ¢ã‘Î K≥·`«#º ¢ã¨=Ou <åÜ«∞‰õΩÅ∞ ã¨O^茺,
ã¨fi~°∂Ѩ ~å}˜Å#∞ ÃÇÏK«Ûiã¨∂Î "å~åΠѨ¢uHõÖ’¡ HÀ¢ÉÏÅ ¿Ñi@
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=∂=¸Å~ÚºOk. ¢ã‘ÎÅÃÑ· ‰õÄ_® J^Œ#Ѩ٠JOâ◊OQÍ Öˇ·OyHõ
HÀ}O =ÙO_»<Õ=ÙOk. D á¶È#¡Ö’ "åà◊√§ KåÖÏ Jã¨ÉèíºHõ~°OQÍ
=∂Ï¡_ç=ÙOÏ~°x q_çQÍ K≥ѨÊ#Hõ¯ˆ~¡^Œ∞. `«~åfi`« ÃãÃÑìO|~ü
10= `Õn# HÀѨˆ~˜"£ ÉϺO‰õΩ L^Àºy =∞<≥flO ¢Ñ¨™ê^£#∞ ǨÏ`«º
KÕâß~°∞. =∞<≥flO ¢Ñ¨™ê^£ JOu=∞Ü«∂¢`«Ö’ áêÖÁæ#fl"åiH˜ =∞m§
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YO_çã¨∂Î QƘìQÍ xÅ|_ç#O^Œ∞‰õΩ Ç¨ÏŸeÜ«∞ ^•ã¨i ã¨OѶ¨∞O
J^茺‰õ∆Ω_»∞ ^•ã¨i =Ú<≥ѨÊ#∞ ‰õÄ_® #=O|~ü 22# ¢‰õÄ~°OQÍ
ǨÏ`«º KÕâß~°∞. WOHÍ J<ÕHõ=∞OkH˜ K«OѨÙ`å=∞<Õ ÉˇkiOѨÙÅ∂,
¢Ñ¨Hõ@#Å∂ Ãã·`«O "≥Å∞=_®¤~Ú.
‰õΩÅx~°∂‡Å# áÈ~å@ ã¨q∞u J^茺‰õ∆Ω_»∞ ^Œ∞_»∞¤
¢Ñ¨ÉèÏHõ~ü, lÖÏ¡ <åÜ«∞‰õΩ_»∞ "≥OHõ¢Ï=ÙÅ`À áê@∞ J<ÕHõ =∞Ok
ã¨OѶ¨∞O ã¨Éèí∞ºÅ#∞ JÔ~ã¨∞ì KÕã≤ z¢`«Ç≤ÏOã¨Å‰õΩ QÆ∞iKÕâß~°∞.
¢Ñ¨*ÏHõàÏ=∞O_»e <åÜ«∞‰õΩ_»∞ HÀ>Ëâ◊fi~°~å=Ù WO˜x
‰õÄÅQ˘Ïì~°∞, ã¨Éèí∞ºÅ#∞ ɡkiOKå~°∞. q~°ã¨O ã¨Éèí∞ºÅ#∞,
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ã¨Éèí∞ºÅ#∞ "ÕkèOKå~°∞. D "≥Ú`«ÎO ¢Hõ=∞OÖ’ "åà◊§
‰õΩ@∞OÉÏÅÖ’x ¢ã‘ÎÅ∞ á¶È#∞¡ ZuÎ#ѨÙ_»∞ "åà◊§x f¢=OQÍ
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KÕâß~°∞.
2005 ÃãÃÑìO|~üÖ’ ZÑ≤ã≤Z"£∞Zãπ ~å¢+¨ì HÍ~°º^Œi≈
ã¨∞*Ï`«‰õΩ K«OѨÙ`å=∞x á¶È#¡Ö’ ɡkiOѨÙÅ∞ =KåÛ~Ú. #iûÔ~_ç¤
ǨÏ`«º =∞HõÎÖòÖ’ [~°QÆ_»"Õ∞ "åà◊§ <Õ~°O J#fl@∞ì =∞HõÎÖò‰õΩ K≥Ok#
¢Ñ¨*Ï ã¨OѶ¨∂Å "åà◊¡#∞, =∞ǨÏ|∂Éò#QÆ~ü lÖÏ¡Ö’ L#fl"åà◊§#∞
f¢=OQÍ "ÕkèOKå~°∞. ‰õΩÅ x~°∂‡Å# áÈ~å@ã¨q∞u ~å¢+¨ì
<åÜ«∞‰õΩÅ∞ K«O¢^ŒâıY~ü#∂, PO.¢Ñ¨.K≥·.=∞.ã¨.Ö’ ѨxKÕã¨∞Î#fl
Ѩk¿ÇÏ_»∞<≥ÅÖ’¡46=∞Ok=∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å#∞ǨÏ`«=∂iÛ#"≥·.Zãπ.„Ѩ¨Éèí∞`«fiO
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