10. China Central Radio and TV University (CCRTVU)is a dedicated open and distance education institution, under the direct supervision of the Ministry of Education.
11. In February 1978, the preparation of its establishment commenced, and in February 1979, its opening ceremony was held.
15. In China, currently there are about 2,000 universities. There are about 1,500 universities and institutions connected and about 20 million end users.
35. The study options in China are limited unlike the Western Education.
36.
37. According to National Center on Education and Economy (2006), in 2002-03, 196 Universities, and 76 Deemed Universities.
38. By 2005, 11 million students in 17,000 colleges affiliated with 230 universities. Another 10 million students were enrolled in 6,500 vocational institutions. (Center for Strategic and International Research, 2010)
39.
40. Distance education has come along a long journey, four to five generations of technology.
41. Print,
42. Audio/video broadcasting,
43. Audio/video teleconferencing,
44. Computer aided instruction,
45. E- learning/ online learning
46.
47. Distance education has come along a long journey, four to five generations of technology.
48. Print,
49. Audio/video broadcasting,
50. Audio/video teleconferencing,
51. Computer aided instruction,
52. E- learning/ online learning
53.
54.
55. Institutional autonomy lacks standard.
56. Unplanned expansion.
57. Quality of education is not uniform throughout.
58. Limited access and regional disparity.
59.
60. Expo 2010 Shangai China. Retrieved on June 29, http://formychina.info/main/education/online.php
61. Geoff Potter (2003). A comparison of Chinese and Western Distance Education initiatives: Educational goals and instructional practices.
62. China Central Radio and TV University (2001). Retrieved on June 29, http://www.edu.cn/ccrtv_1459/20060323/t20060323_3923.shtml
63. About CERNET and CERNET applications (2006). Retrieved on June 29, http://www.edu.cn/introduction_1378/20060323/t20060323_158626.shtml
64.
65.
66. Center for strategic & international research (2010). Retrieved on July 06, http://csis.org/files/publication/sam_141.pdf
67.
68.
Editor's Notes
The size of China in geographical terms is about 3.7 million square miles.The gross enrollment rate of 21 percent in higher education indicates that China has entered the stage of popular education. The UNESCO world higher education report of June 2003 pointed out that the student population of China's schools of higher learning had doubled in a very short period, and was the world's largest. Between 1999 and 2003, enrollment in higher education increased from 1.6 million to 3.82 million. The schools of higher learning and research institutes enrolled 370,000 postgraduate students, which was 44,000 more than the previous year.
China did initiate a print-based correspondence system in the 1950’s its primary distance education delivery process has been for several decades, radio and television. Television-based courses were delivered to the masses. Black and white, television grew rapidly as a skills training device.
It offers, on a nationwide basis, multi-media courses through radio, TV, print, audio-visual materials and computer networks. 2 million teachers and 1 million principles of primary and secondary schools have been trained.At present, China Education Television (CETV) has three channels mainly to transmit CCRTVU's courses via satellite.Beijing Open University - BJOU was honored by the Ministry of Education and CCRTVU as “model for CCRTVU system" and in the year of 2005, BJOU was nominated as one of the best performer in the "Talent-Training Reform and Open Education Experiment" project.
As a part of this project, to deliver academic courses via advanced high tech systems for distance education, The Chinese Educational and Research Network was established (CERNET). CERNET is the high-speed backbone of the Chinese government’s Remote Learning Program. It is China's first and largest national academic Internet backbone.CERNET is supported by the Chinese government and directly managed by the Ministry of Education. Its network infrastructure mainly serves the universities, institutes, colleges and schools all over the China. The end users are professors, researchers and students.
Virtual reality - virtual laboratory and the real-time long-distance information transfer with high reliability and security,
3.29 million sq. km. (1.27 million sq. mi.); about one-third the size of the U.S.11 Institutes of National importance established through Central Legislation.For instance, enrolment in distance education during 1975-76 accounted for 0.06 millions and 1.58 million in 1999-2000.
Gyan Darshan was launched in January, 2000, with three completely digital and round-the-clock TV channels dedicated to education. In November 2001, an FM radio channel, Gyan Vani was launched through different FM stations in the country. (GOI Ministry of HRD Press Release, October 21, 2003).
Gyan Darshan was launched in January, 2000, with three completely digital and round-the-clock TV channels dedicated to education. In November 2001, an FM radio channel, Gyan Vani was launched through different FM stations in the country. (GOI Ministry of HRD Press Release, October 21, 2003).
Edusat makes it possible for receive Direct to Home quality broadcasts of educational programs using any television set. Vidya Vahini - over three years as part of a Rs 6,000 crore (USD 1.2 billion) project.
How to over come these challenges:This broad definition of ICT includes such technologies as radio, television, video, DVD, telephone (both fixed line and mobile phones), satellite systems, computer and network hardware and software; as well as the equipment and services associated with these technologies, such as videoconferencing, e-mail and blogs. It is intended to help educators; policy makers, planners, curriculum developers and others find their way through the often confusing maze of ICT tools, terms and systems.In higher education and adult training, there is some evidence that educational opportunities are being opened to individuals and groups who are constrained from attending traditional universities. Each of the 11 so-called mega-universities, the biggest and most well-established open and distance institutions in the world (which include the Open University of the United Kingdom,the Indira Gandhi National Open University of India, the China TV University System, the Universitas Terbuka of Indonesia, and the University of South Africa, among others) has an annual enrollment of more than 100,000, and together they serve approximately 2.8 million.The country’s Eleventh Plan (2007-12) is termed as India’s Educational Plan, with emphasis on use of ICT in achieving educational goals. Emphasis is laid on spread of open & distance learning for mass education. Distance education coupled with innovative ICT solutions can provide excellent education to people living in rural areas
