This document defines various camera shot types including extreme close-up, close-up, medium close-up, medium shot, long shot, wide shot, and extreme wide shot. It also describes basic camera movements like pedestal, tilt, pan, truck, and dolly. Additionally, it outlines important rules for shooting video like continuity, the rule of thirds, balancing shots through size, positioning, color, and depth, and the 180 degree rule. Finally, it discusses the purpose of a storyboard for pre-planning video shots and audio.

1. Media I: Video Concepts
Mrs. Boni
2016

2. Extreme Close-Up (XCU) – Used for
details, or extremely close shots.
Close-up (CU) – From about an inch
ABOVE the head to the tops of the
shoulders. Used for emotion. Used in
dialogue. Television is a close-up
medium.
Medium Close-up (MCU) – Goes from
just above the head to about the
middle of the chest. Used the same as a
close up.
Medium Shot (MS) – From just above
the head to waist (the navel – not the
top of pants). Used to show two
characters in dialogue, or used to show
actions.
Long Shot (LS) – From just above the
head to knees. Usually used like a wide
shot (WS)
Wide Shot (WS) – from just above the
head to just below the feet. Used ONLY
to establish a scene (at the beginning).
Also used when a new character enters
or leaves a scene.
Extreme wide shot (XWS) – Used
ONLY at the beginning of the scene to
show setting or climate. Ex – Entire
building, a mountain.
XCU
CU
MCU
MS
LS
WS
XWS
Usually the
XWS is even
MUCH
BIGGER, Like
the
Restaurant in
Seinfeld, or
the exterior
apartment
shot in
Friends
Shot Types
Links to shots - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NuhWNJr89u8
Link to Dear Kitten - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G4Sn91t1V4g
Composition - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-zMQ9QwRlmQ

3. Pedestal Up
Pedestal Down
Pedestal - Raising the camera up
or down like an elevator
Tilt – Turning the
camera up or down
Tilt
Down
Tilt
Up
Pan – Turning the
camera left or right
Pan
Left
Pan
Right
Truck – Moving
the camera left or
right
Dolly – Moving the
camera forward or
back
Dolly
in
Dolly
out
Truck
left
Truck
right

4. Rules of Shooting Video
Continuity: Making sure all audio and video are consistent throughout (costume, hair, make-up, situation, props).
The illusion that everything ‘flows’ in real time from one shot to the next. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VKm5nk6O9-g
Rule of 3rds: Camera operator mentally divides the picture frame into 3rds both horizontally and vertically. The
picture elements are then placed along the intersections of the lines, called “centers of interest.”
Picture Balance: Subjects are arranged to provide a pleasing picture with SIZE, COLOR or SUBJECT POSITIONING.
30-3 Rule: No shot should be longer than 30 seconds and no scene longer than 3 minutes.
Jump Cut: Where image seems to “jump” person/object in video appears, disappears or moves in frame abruptly.
180 Degree Rule: When shooting 2 people in conversation, the camera should not break the 180 degree line
(shoulder to shoulder shooting)
Match cut or cut-in: While keeping the action going, camera cuts in closer on the action to make 2 shots look like
one continuous motion.
Cut Away: When cutting from one shot to another to prevent a jump cut.

5. Rule of Thirds
The rule of thirds says that you should position the most important elements in your
scene along these lines, or at the points where they intersect. Doing so will add balance
and interest to your photo or video.
● Intersections are called points of interest
● Camera operators place subjects on the intersections

6. Balancing a Shot – Size
Equalize the size of all objects in the shot so they do not look off
balance. The shot should not be distracting or uncomfortable for
the viewer. Balance can be achieved through “weighing” objects by
size, shape, color, value, texture, and eye direction or a
combination of these.
Balancing a Shot – Positioning
Balancing Elements
Placing your main subject off-center, as with the rule of thirds,
creates a more interesting photo or video, but it can leave a void in
the scene, which can make it feel empty. You should balance the
"weight" of your subject by including another object of lesser
importance to fill the space.
Depth
Convey the sense of depth that was present in the actual scene.
You can create depth by including objects in the foreground,
middle-ground and background.

7. Balancing a Shot - Colors
Primary Colors – can mix any color from this initial set
● Yellow
● Red
● Blue
Secondary Colors / Complementary Pairs
● Yellow and blue – GREEN
● Blue and red – PURPLE
● Red and yellow – ORANGE
The complementary pairs are:
● Blue/orange
● Red/green
● Yellow/purple
Warm colors – Yellow, orange, red
Cool colors – Green, blue, purple

8. Visual Look at 180 Degree Rule
Links to Further Explain:
● 180 Degree Rule Basics: https://youtu.be/oNOT9iHDSXU
● 180 Degree Rule Overview: https://youtu.be/Bba7raSvvRo
● Breaking Down the 180 Degree Rule:https://youtu.be/HinUychY3sE
● Crossing the Line with 180 Degree Rule: https://youtu.be/vhuxu-AkqNg

9. Storyboard
A storyboard is your pre-planning
sheet that explains what happens
visually and audibly in each shot.
● The more planning into your
detail, the better your project
will end up.
● Shot TYPE goes under the
number
● Audio and any camera
movement goes under the
sketch of the shot
● Remember video is a CLOSE UP
medium
Link - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ux_Em1lVsjI&feature=youtu.be