intestinal obstruction
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Intestinal obstruction is a blockage of the bowel that prevents contents from passing through. There are two main types: mechanical obstruction from pressure on the bowel wall, and functional obstruction where the bowel muscles cannot propel contents. Causes of small bowel obstruction include adhesions, intussusception, volvulus, and tumors. Causes of large bowel obstruction include carcinoma, diverticulitis, and inflammatory bowel disorders. Treatment involves decompressing the bowel, fluid replacement, and usually surgery to relieve the obstruction.
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Intestinal obstruction
definition, types,etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, Diagnosis and management of intestinal obstruction
Management Of Intestinal Obstruction
The document discusses the assessment, investigations, and treatment of intestinal obstruction. It provides details on the history, physical examination, and various tests used to diagnose the cause of obstruction including blood tests, imaging like x-rays and CT scans. It then outlines supportive care measures and describes specific surgical treatments for different types of intestinal obstructions like resection of gangrenous bowel or hernia repair with bowel resection if needed.
Intestinal obstruction
Illustration of important clinical concepts regarding dynamic and adynamic intestinal obstruction in a concise manner
Intestinal obstruction
This document discusses intestinal obstruction, including its definition, classification, causes, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. Intestinal obstruction can be mechanical or functional. Mechanical obstruction has causes such as adhesions, hernias, tumors and volvulus. Diagnosis involves history, exam, labs, imaging and identifying the level and cause of obstruction. Treatment depends on the severity and includes resuscitation, conservative management or surgery to remove obstructions or resect non-viable bowel segments. Post-operative ileus is a common type of functional obstruction.
Intestinal Obstruction
Intestinal obstruction occurs when the contents of the intestine are impaired or blocked from passing through. It can affect the small or large intestine and be partial or complete. Causes include adhesions, hernias, tumors, and impacted stool. Symptoms are abdominal pain, vomiting, constipation, and distension. Diagnosis involves blood tests, imaging like x-rays and CT scans to locate the obstruction. Treatment depends on the severity but may include fluids, NG tubes, antibiotics, and sometimes surgery to remove the blockage.
Intestinal obstruction by Dr. Nitin Alapure
This document provides an overview of intestinal obstruction. It defines intestinal obstruction as a partial or complete blockage of the small or large intestine. It then classifies intestinal obstructions based on their nature, cause, severity, and blood supply. The most common causes of small and large intestine obstructions are also outlined. Clinical features, investigations, and treatment approaches for both conservative management and surgery are discussed. Key points include outlining signs of strangulation versus simple obstruction and indications for surgical intervention.
Intestinal Obstruction
This document discusses intestinal obstruction, including its causes, signs and symptoms, assessments, nursing diagnoses, and treatment. Intestinal obstruction can be mechanical or functional and causes a blockage in the small or large intestine. Common signs are abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and constipation. Assessments include physical exams, imaging, and labs. Nursing focuses on relieving pain, maintaining fluid and electrolytes, and preparing for possible surgery. Treatment involves correcting the underlying cause through medical or surgical management.
Volvulus
This document outlines the presentation, causes, diagnosis, treatment, and nursing care of volvulus, which is the twisting of a loop of intestine that cuts off blood flow. It most commonly affects the sigmoid colon. Key points include that volvulus can be acute, sub-acute, or chronic; surgical intervention is usually needed to untwist the intestine; and nursing care involves pain management, fluid replacement, monitoring for complications, and educating patients and families.
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Intestinal obstruction
definition, types,etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, Diagnosis and management of intestinal obstruction
Management Of Intestinal Obstruction
The document discusses the assessment, investigations, and treatment of intestinal obstruction. It provides details on the history, physical examination, and various tests used to diagnose the cause of obstruction including blood tests, imaging like x-rays and CT scans. It then outlines supportive care measures and describes specific surgical treatments for different types of intestinal obstructions like resection of gangrenous bowel or hernia repair with bowel resection if needed.
Intestinal obstruction
Illustration of important clinical concepts regarding dynamic and adynamic intestinal obstruction in a concise manner
Intestinal obstruction
This document discusses intestinal obstruction, including its definition, classification, causes, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. Intestinal obstruction can be mechanical or functional. Mechanical obstruction has causes such as adhesions, hernias, tumors and volvulus. Diagnosis involves history, exam, labs, imaging and identifying the level and cause of obstruction. Treatment depends on the severity and includes resuscitation, conservative management or surgery to remove obstructions or resect non-viable bowel segments. Post-operative ileus is a common type of functional obstruction.
Intestinal Obstruction
Intestinal obstruction occurs when the contents of the intestine are impaired or blocked from passing through. It can affect the small or large intestine and be partial or complete. Causes include adhesions, hernias, tumors, and impacted stool. Symptoms are abdominal pain, vomiting, constipation, and distension. Diagnosis involves blood tests, imaging like x-rays and CT scans to locate the obstruction. Treatment depends on the severity but may include fluids, NG tubes, antibiotics, and sometimes surgery to remove the blockage.
Intestinal obstruction by Dr. Nitin Alapure
This document provides an overview of intestinal obstruction. It defines intestinal obstruction as a partial or complete blockage of the small or large intestine. It then classifies intestinal obstructions based on their nature, cause, severity, and blood supply. The most common causes of small and large intestine obstructions are also outlined. Clinical features, investigations, and treatment approaches for both conservative management and surgery are discussed. Key points include outlining signs of strangulation versus simple obstruction and indications for surgical intervention.
Intestinal Obstruction
This document discusses intestinal obstruction, including its causes, signs and symptoms, assessments, nursing diagnoses, and treatment. Intestinal obstruction can be mechanical or functional and causes a blockage in the small or large intestine. Common signs are abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and constipation. Assessments include physical exams, imaging, and labs. Nursing focuses on relieving pain, maintaining fluid and electrolytes, and preparing for possible surgery. Treatment involves correcting the underlying cause through medical or surgical management.
Volvulus
This document outlines the presentation, causes, diagnosis, treatment, and nursing care of volvulus, which is the twisting of a loop of intestine that cuts off blood flow. It most commonly affects the sigmoid colon. Key points include that volvulus can be acute, sub-acute, or chronic; surgical intervention is usually needed to untwist the intestine; and nursing care involves pain management, fluid replacement, monitoring for complications, and educating patients and families.
Intestinal obstruction
Intestinal obstruction occurs when there is an interruption of the normal passage of intestinal contents. It can be classified as mechanical or non-mechanical. Common causes of mechanical small bowel obstruction include adhesions, hernias, intussusceptions, and neoplasms. Common causes of mechanical large bowel obstruction are colon cancer, diverticular disease, and sigmoid volvulus. Diagnosis involves determining if obstruction is present and where, assessing for strangulation, and identifying the cause. Treatment depends on whether the obstruction is simple or there are signs of strangulation, and may involve decompression, IV fluids, or surgery.
Intestinal obstruction
Intestinal obstruction occurs when the normal passage of intestinal contents is blocked. It can involve the small intestine, large intestine, or both. Obstructions are classified as mechanical, which involve a physical blockage, or dynamic/adynamic, which involve ineffective motility without a blockage. Common causes include adhesions, hernias, tumors, and volvulus. Symptoms vary based on the location and severity of the obstruction but often include colicky abdominal pain, vomiting, distention, and constipation. Diagnosis involves physical exam findings like distention and hyperperistalsis as well as imaging tests showing gas/fluid levels and other signs of obstruction.
Stomas
A stoma is a surgically created opening that allows stool or urine to exit the body. There are three main types - colostomy, ileostomy, and urostomy. A colostomy diverts feces, while an ileostomy diverts intestinal contents which are usually liquid. A urostomy diverts urine. Complications can include prolapse, retraction, hernia, and skin irritation. When siting a stoma, it is important to choose a well-vascularized area that is away from skin folds, scars, and bony prominences to help prevent these complications.
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Intestinal obstruction is a partial or complete blockage of the bowel that prevents contents from passing through. It most commonly occurs in children ages 1-5 years old infected with Ascaris lumbricoides. Common causes include abdominal or pelvic surgery which can lead to adhesions, Crohn's disease thickening the intestine walls, and abdominal cancer. Symptoms include abdominal swelling, fever, bloody stools, vomiting, inability to pass gas or stool. Treatment depends on the severity but may include surgery to remove the obstructed part of the intestine or create an anastomosis.
intestinal obstruction
Intestinal obstruction occurs when the intestine is blocked partially or completely, preventing contents from passing through. It can be classified as dynamic, adynamic, small bowel, or large bowel obstruction.
Clinical presentation depends on the location and severity of the obstruction. Symptoms often include colicky abdominal pain, vomiting, distention, and constipation.
Common causes are adhesions, hernias, volvulus, intussusceptions, gallstones, and tumors. Strangulated obstruction with compromised blood flow is a surgical emergency.
Diagnosis involves blood tests, abdominal exams, imaging studies like abdominal x-rays and CT scans to detect air-
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The document discusses complications of peptic ulcers, including perforation, hemorrhage, gastric outlet obstruction, penetration, and malignant change. Perforation is a common complication that occurs when a weak spot in the stomach or duodenal wall ruptures. Symptoms include severe abdominal pain. Treatment involves surgery to repair the perforation along with antibiotics and resuscitation. Bleeding is another major complication that can range from mild to life-threatening. Symptoms include vomiting blood or black stools. Treatment involves endoscopic methods to stop bleeding along with fluid replacement and medications. Surgery may be needed if bleeding cannot be controlled otherwise or for other complications like perforation.
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Intestinal obstruction
This document provides an overview of intestinal obstruction, including its classification, common causes, clinical features, investigations, and treatment options. Intestinal obstruction can result from mechanical blockage from structural abnormalities (dynamic obstruction) or paralysis without physical obstruction (ileus). Common causes of dynamic obstruction include adhesions, hernias, volvulus, and intussusception. Clinical features include colicky pain, vomiting, abdominal distention, and constipation. Investigations may include blood tests, abdominal x-rays, and CT scans. Treatment involves resuscitation, nasogastric decompression, IV fluids, and potentially surgery to resolve the obstruction. Complications can include bleeding, infection, leakage, and reoccurrence of obstruction
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Intestinal obstruction
Intestinal obstruction occurs when there is an interruption of the normal passage of intestinal contents. It can be classified as mechanical or non-mechanical. Common causes of mechanical small bowel obstruction include adhesions, hernias, intussusceptions, and neoplasms. Common causes of mechanical large bowel obstruction are colon cancer, diverticular disease, and sigmoid volvulus. Diagnosis involves determining if obstruction is present and where, assessing for strangulation, and identifying the cause. Treatment depends on whether the obstruction is simple or there are signs of strangulation, and may involve decompression, IV fluids, or surgery.
Intestinal obstruction
Intestinal obstruction occurs when the normal passage of intestinal contents is blocked. It can involve the small intestine, large intestine, or both. Obstructions are classified as mechanical, which involve a physical blockage, or dynamic/adynamic, which involve ineffective motility without a blockage. Common causes include adhesions, hernias, tumors, and volvulus. Symptoms vary based on the location and severity of the obstruction but often include colicky abdominal pain, vomiting, distention, and constipation. Diagnosis involves physical exam findings like distention and hyperperistalsis as well as imaging tests showing gas/fluid levels and other signs of obstruction.
Stomas
A stoma is a surgically created opening that allows stool or urine to exit the body. There are three main types - colostomy, ileostomy, and urostomy. A colostomy diverts feces, while an ileostomy diverts intestinal contents which are usually liquid. A urostomy diverts urine. Complications can include prolapse, retraction, hernia, and skin irritation. When siting a stoma, it is important to choose a well-vascularized area that is away from skin folds, scars, and bony prominences to help prevent these complications.
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This document describes the case of a 60-year-old female patient presenting with abdominal pain and distension. On examination, she showed signs of peritonitis. Investigations including ultrasound and x-ray revealed free fluid and free gas in the abdomen, suggestive of a hollow viscous perforation. She was diagnosed with a perforated peptic ulcer of the duodenum and underwent exploratory laparotomy and Graham's patch repair. Post-operatively, she improved with treatment and was discharged on the 12th day.
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Hydronephrosis for students
Hydronephrosis is dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces caused by obstruction of urine flow. It can be caused by intrinsic or extrinsic lesions and may be unilateral or bilateral. Chronic or incomplete obstruction can lead to cortical tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis, and thinning of the renal parenchyma over time. Acute obstruction may cause pain, while chronic or partial obstruction may have few symptoms until late stages with impaired urine concentration and renal function decline. Complete bilateral obstruction results in oliguria/anuria and requires relief of obstruction to survive.
Intestinal obstruction
Intestinal obstruction is a partial or complete blockage of the bowel that prevents contents from passing through. It most commonly occurs in children ages 1-5 years old infected with Ascaris lumbricoides. Common causes include abdominal or pelvic surgery which can lead to adhesions, Crohn's disease thickening the intestine walls, and abdominal cancer. Symptoms include abdominal swelling, fever, bloody stools, vomiting, inability to pass gas or stool. Treatment depends on the severity but may include surgery to remove the obstructed part of the intestine or create an anastomosis.
intestinal obstruction
Intestinal obstruction occurs when the intestine is blocked partially or completely, preventing contents from passing through. It can be classified as dynamic, adynamic, small bowel, or large bowel obstruction.
Clinical presentation depends on the location and severity of the obstruction. Symptoms often include colicky abdominal pain, vomiting, distention, and constipation.
Common causes are adhesions, hernias, volvulus, intussusceptions, gallstones, and tumors. Strangulated obstruction with compromised blood flow is a surgical emergency.
Diagnosis involves blood tests, abdominal exams, imaging studies like abdominal x-rays and CT scans to detect air-
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The document discusses complications of peptic ulcers, including perforation, hemorrhage, gastric outlet obstruction, penetration, and malignant change. Perforation is a common complication that occurs when a weak spot in the stomach or duodenal wall ruptures. Symptoms include severe abdominal pain. Treatment involves surgery to repair the perforation along with antibiotics and resuscitation. Bleeding is another major complication that can range from mild to life-threatening. Symptoms include vomiting blood or black stools. Treatment involves endoscopic methods to stop bleeding along with fluid replacement and medications. Surgery may be needed if bleeding cannot be controlled otherwise or for other complications like perforation.
GASTRO ESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE (GERD)
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This document provides an overview of the management of obstructive jaundice. It begins with definitions and classifications of jaundice. Obstructive jaundice can be intrahepatic or extrahepatic in origin. Common causes of intrahepatic cholestasis include viral hepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis, and drug toxicity. Extrahepatic obstructions are often due to choledocholithiasis (gallstones in the common bile duct), tumors, or strictures. Diagnostic imaging includes ultrasound, MRCP, ERCP, and intraoperative cholangiography. Treatment depends on whether the obstruction is pre-operative or discovered during cholecystectomy, and may involve ERCP, laparoscopic or open CBD exploration, or
Stoma
An ostomy is a surgically created opening in the intestine that allows for waste to exit the body into an external bag. There are two main types - an ileostomy, which is created from the small intestine, and a colostomy, which is created from the large intestine. An ostomy may be temporary or permanent and is usually required due to conditions like cancer, IBD, or injury. Attaching the external bag securely is important to prevent complications. Diet and lifestyle adjustments are also needed after an ostomy is created.
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The document summarizes key information about the large bowel (large intestine), including its anatomy, functions, signs and symptoms of obstruction, diagnostic evaluation, and management approaches. The large bowel extends from the distal ileum to the anus and includes the cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum. It completes the absorption of water, aids in vitamin production by gut flora, and stores and expels feces. Large bowel obstruction presents with abdominal pain, vomiting, constipation, distension, and potential peritonitis. Evaluation includes abdominal x-rays, CT scans, and endoscopy. Initial management focuses on resuscitation, and surgery versus conservative approaches depend on the severity
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An epigastric hernia is where fat pushes out through a weakness in the wall of your abdomen between your umbilicus (belly button) and sternum and forms a lump
Intestinal obstruction, BOWEL OBSTRUCTION
Intestinal obstruction occurs when the intestine is blocked, preventing normal movement of its contents. It can be caused by mechanical blockages such as tumors or hernias, or functional issues like neuromuscular problems. Symptoms include abdominal pain, vomiting, distension and constipation. Treatment involves fluid resuscitation, antibiotics, pain management, and sometimes surgery to remove the obstruction. Proper diagnosis and timely treatment are important to prevent complications like perforation and sepsis.
Intestinal obstruction
This document provides an overview of intestinal obstruction, including its classification, common causes, clinical features, investigations, and treatment options. Intestinal obstruction can result from mechanical blockage from structural abnormalities (dynamic obstruction) or paralysis without physical obstruction (ileus). Common causes of dynamic obstruction include adhesions, hernias, volvulus, and intussusception. Clinical features include colicky pain, vomiting, abdominal distention, and constipation. Investigations may include blood tests, abdominal x-rays, and CT scans. Treatment involves resuscitation, nasogastric decompression, IV fluids, and potentially surgery to resolve the obstruction. Complications can include bleeding, infection, leakage, and reoccurrence of obstruction
Hydronephrosis
Hydronephrosis is the dilatation of the renal pelvis and calyces caused by obstruction of urine flow from the kidney. It can be caused by congenital abnormalities, such as ureteral atresia, or acquired issues like kidney stones. On imaging, the kidney appears enlarged with a distended pelvis and thinning of the renal parenchyma. Treatment depends on the severity and cause of obstruction, ranging from nephrostomy or pyeloplasty for mild hydronephrosis to nephrectomy if the kidney is non-functioning.
Intestinal obstruction
This document discusses various causes and types of intestinal obstruction, including their presentation, diagnosis and management. It covers mechanical obstructions caused by adhesions, hernias, volvulus and intussusception. It also discusses paralytic ileus and pseudo-obstruction which are adynamic obstructions without a mechanical cause. The management involves supportive care, surgical correction of the underlying cause, and resection of non-viable intestine. Early diagnosis and treatment are important to prevent complications like strangulation.
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Intestinal Obstruction 1
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Mellss surgery y3 intestinal obstruction
This document discusses the clinical features, imaging, and treatment of acute intestinal obstruction. It describes the symptoms based on the location and duration of obstruction. Imaging findings like fluid levels and signs of specific conditions are outlined. Treatment involves supportive measures, surgery if indicated, assessing the site and cause of obstruction, and viability of the intestine. Non-viable intestine is resected while viability is determined for doubtful areas.
intestinal obstruction
This document discusses intestinal obstruction, including its definition, classification, causes, examination, investigation, pseudo-obstruction, management, and surgical indications. Intestinal obstruction occurs when the contents of the intestine are blocked from passing through. It can be caused by mechanical, paralytic, or functional factors. Examination involves inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation of the abdomen. Investigations include blood tests, radiological imaging like abdominal x-rays and CT scans. Pseudo-obstruction is obstruction without a mechanical cause. Management focuses on resuscitation, decompression, fluid replacement, and surgery if signs of strangulation or perforation are present.
INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION
This document discusses intestinal obstruction, defined as a blockage of the forward passage of food, waste, and gas through the intestines. It classifies and describes the etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic evaluation, differential diagnosis, management, and complications of intestinal obstruction according to age, site of obstruction, and mechanical vs. functional causes. Key points include various causes of obstruction like hernias, adhesions, tumors, intussusception; symptoms of abdominal pain, vomiting, distension; and treatments including conservative management with NBM and IV fluids or surgical intervention like laparotomy.
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The document discusses intestinal obstruction, defining it as a lack of intestinal transit. It is classified in several ways: dynamically as intraluminal, intramural, or extramural; depending on the site as proximal small bowel, distal small bowel, or large bowel; congenitally or acquired; and by pathological changes as simple, strangulated, or closed loop obstruction. A pie chart shows that adhesions are the most common underlying cause of intestinal obstruction at 40%, followed by obstructed hernias at 15% and carcinoma at 15%.
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Intestinal Obstruction
This document discusses intestinal obstruction, including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. It describes two main types - mechanical obstruction caused by physical blockage, and paralytic ileus caused by loss of intestinal motility. Common symptoms are abdominal pain, vomiting, constipation, and distension. Diagnosis involves abdominal x-rays to detect gas patterns and fluid levels. Treatment focuses on fluid resuscitation, decompression with NG tubes, and timely surgery to relieve blockages and prevent complications like strangulation.
Intestinal Obstruction Powerpoint Presentation
Nanay Ganda, an 84-year-old female, was admitted to the hospital with complaints of inability to defecate for 4 days and intermittent abdominal pain over the past year. Imaging showed signs of partial intestinal obstruction. She underwent exploratory surgery where a tumor was discovered and removed at the descending colon. Biopsy results of the tumor were pending. Intestinal obstruction can be caused by adhesions, hernias, tumors and other issues. It requires prompt diagnosis and treatment, like surgery, to avoid increased mortality if left untreated.
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Introduction of intestinal obstruction Pallavi Shekhar Medical College kolkata
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Similar to intestinal obstruction
Small bowel obstruction
This document provides an overview of small bowel obstruction (SBO), including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. It notes that SBO accounts for 12-16% of acute abdominal surgical admissions. Causes include adhesions (75% of cases), hernias (25% of cases), and other factors like inflammation, ischemia, and masses. Symptoms range from mild discomfort to shock. Diagnosis involves physical exam, lab tests, and imaging like CT scan or contrast radiographs. Treatment depends on the severity and cause of the obstruction, but generally involves resuscitation, monitoring, and surgery if signs of strangulation or ischemia are present or if conservative measures fail.
intestinal obstruction in the Intestine.pptx
Intestinal obstruction occurs when something blocks the intestines, preventing food and liquid from passing through. It can be caused by adhesions, hernias, tumors, or other conditions. Symptoms include pain, vomiting, constipation, and abdominal distension. Treatment involves fluid resuscitation, nasogastric decompression, pain management, and sometimes surgery to remove the blockage. Nursing care focuses on pain control, maintaining fluid and nutrition, and reducing patient anxiety. Complications can include renal impairment, electrolyte imbalances, infection, and intestinal perforation if not properly treated.
Intestinal Obstruction
This document discusses intestinal obstruction, including:
- Types of obstruction include mechanical, functional, dynamic, and adynamic. Mechanical obstruction can be partial or complete.
- Causes include adhesions, hernias, tumors, volvulus, and diverticular disease.
- Pathophysiology involves bowel distension, alterations in motility and absorption, circulatory changes, and bacterial overgrowth.
- Clinical presentation includes colicky abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, obstipation, and distension. Diagnosis involves imaging like abdominal x-rays, ultrasound, and CT scan.
- Management depends on whether it is simple or strangulated, and includes resuscitation, NG decompression
6 Intestinal Obstruction.pptx
This document provides an overview of intestinal obstruction, including its anatomy, causes, types, pathophysiology, clinical features, investigations, radiological features, and management. The key points are:
- Intestinal obstruction occurs when there is a restriction to the normal passage of intestinal contents, which can be paralytic or mechanical.
- Mechanical obstructions are further classified by site (small vs large bowel) and nature (simple vs strangulating).
- Clinical features include colicky abdominal pain, distension, constipation, and vomiting. Specific investigations include abdominal X-rays and CT scanning.
- Management depends on the cause but generally involves resuscitation, surgery for acute/strangulating
Intestinal obstruction
Intestinal obstruction occurs when the normal flow of intestinal contents is interrupted. It can be caused by mechanical blockages inside or outside the intestine wall, or by paralysis of intestinal movement. Symptoms include abdominal pain, distention, vomiting, and constipation or diarrhea. Diagnosis involves imaging tests and lab work. Treatment depends on the cause but generally involves correcting fluid and electrolyte imbalances, decompressing the bowel, and sometimes surgery to remove blockages or diseased parts of the intestine. Nursing care focuses on pain management, maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance, and ensuring proper lung ventilation.
Gastrojejunocoilic fistula
A 43-year-old male presented with dyspepsia, chronic diarrhea, weight loss, and faeculant vomiting. Imaging revealed a gastrojejunocolic fistula. He underwent a surgery involving truncal vagotomy, distal gastrectomy, segmental jejunal resection, involved transverse colon resection, and Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy and jejunojejunostomy with double barrel diversion colostomy. Histology found no malignancy. Postoperatively, he recovered well and was discharged on postoperative day 11. Gastrojejunocolic fistula is a rare complication that can develop years after gastrojejunostomy, often due to stomal ulcer from inadequate vag
Large bowel obstruction -dr.p.saravanakumar ms pg tanjore medical college
This document discusses large bowel obstruction, including its classification, causes, pathogenesis, clinical features, investigations, and management. Large bowel obstruction can be classified depending on the nature, blood supply, presentation, and relation to the bowel lumen. The most common causes are colorectal cancer, colonic volvulus, and diverticulitis. Clinical features include abdominal distension, pain, constipation, and vomiting. Investigations include blood tests, imaging like CT, and endoscopy. Management involves resuscitation, decompression, surgery to resect non-viable bowel and anastomose or create a stoma, and treatment of underlying causes.
La boob
Large bowel obstruction is an emergent condition that requires prompt surgical intervention. It can result from infectious, inflammatory, neoplastic, or mechanical causes such as volvulus or incarcerated hernia. Symptoms include abdominal pain, distention, nausea, vomiting, and constipation. Diagnosis involves physical exam, imaging studies like CT scan, and lab tests. Treatment involves resuscitation, nasogastric decompression, and surgical resection of the obstructing lesion with proximal diversion such as colostomy. Complications can include perforation, sepsis, and death if not treated early. Prognosis depends on the underlying cause, with cancer outcomes varying based on the specific carcinoma.
INTESTINE OBSTRUCTION.pptx
Intestinal obstruction is the mechanical impairment which is partial or complete blockage of the bowel that results in the failure of the passage of intestinal content through the intestine.
Short bowel syndrome
Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS) results from the resection of over half of the small intestine, usually due to disease or injury. It leads to malabsorption, diarrhea, and nutritional deficiencies requiring lifelong specialized medical and nutritional management. Treatment focuses on aggressive enteral nutrition to promote intestinal adaptation, parenteral nutrition, micronutrient supplementation, and management of complications like bacterial overgrowth. With sufficient residual small bowel and colon, patients may achieve independence from parenteral nutrition over time. Intestinal transplantation is considered for those with permanent intestinal failure.
Short bowel syndrome
This Presentation gives general overview of definition, pathophysiology, classification and management of short gut syndrome
Intestinal obstruction
This document discusses intestinal obstruction, including definitions, patient presentation, common questions, intestinal physiology, pathological events, clinical features, causes, diagnosis and management. It provides details on small bowel obstruction, large bowel obstruction, distinguishing features between the two, and causes of ileus versus mechanical obstruction. The key information is that the patient presented with abdominal pain, distension and constipation with vomiting, which are classic signs of a mechanical bowel obstruction rather than an ileus. Radiological imaging and further investigation are needed to determine the specific cause and location of the obstruction.
Intestinal failure and Short bowel syndrome in children
Short bowel syndrome is defined as malabsorption resulting from the anatomical or functional loss of a significant length of the small intestine. It can be caused by conditions that remove portions of the small intestine like necrotizing enterocolitis or Crohn's disease. Management involves nutritional support through parenteral nutrition or specialized diets. Surgical interventions may also be used to taper or lengthen remaining intestine to promote adaptation. Complications include liver disease and infections resulting from long-term nutritional support needs.
GASTRIC OUTLET OBSTRUCTION.pptx
Gastric outlet obstruction has various causes, both benign and malignant. Benign causes include peptic ulcer disease and gastric polyps, while pancreatic cancer is the most common malignant cause. Patients present with non-bilious vomiting, weight loss, and dehydration. Diagnosis involves imaging studies and endoscopy. Treatment involves rehydration, nutritional support, and surgery if medical management fails or for malignant obstructions. Surgical options include vagotomy with gastrojejunostomy. Complications can include perforation from endoscopic procedures or anastomotic leak from surgery due to patient malnutrition.
small intestinal obstruction
This document provides an overview of small bowel obstruction, including classification, common causes, clinical features, investigation, and treatment. It discusses how to determine if a patient has bowel obstruction or ileus, and how to investigate and manage the patient. The main causes of small bowel obstruction are discussed, including adhesions, hernias, volvulus, and intussusception. Indications for surgery include generalized peritonitis, failure to improve with conservative treatment, and unclear diagnosis. Initial management focuses on resuscitation, decompression, and monitoring for signs of strangulation or perforation that would require surgery.
Intestinal obstruction with Nursing Management
Introduction, definition, types, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic tests, medical management, surgical mangement, nursing management with nursing diagnoses, health education of intestinal obstruction.
Intestinal obstructions.pptx
This document defines and describes bowel obstruction, its causes, clinical manifestations, diagnostic evaluation, complications, management, and nursing care. Bowel obstruction is a blockage that prevents food or liquids from passing through the intestines and can be caused by adhesions, hernias, tumors, or volvulus. Symptoms include abdominal pain, distension, vomiting, and constipation. Treatment involves decompressing the bowels, rehydration, pain management, and sometimes surgery to remove the obstruction. Nurses monitor for dehydration and provide comfort during treatment and recovery.
Intestinal Obstruction.pptx
Intestinal obstruction occurs when there is a partial or complete blockage of the small or large intestine, interrupting the normal flow of intestinal contents. Causes include adhesions, bands, hernias, volvulus, tumors, and gallstones. Symptoms depend on the cause and location of the obstruction. Imaging studies like plain x-rays can show signs of obstruction like dilated bowel loops and air-fluid levels. Management involves treating the underlying cause, decompressing the bowel, providing IV fluids and electrolytes, and surgery if conservative measures fail or if the bowel is nonviable. Surgical options include resection of nonviable bowel and anastomoses.
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Large bowel obstruction -dr.p.saravanakumar ms pg tanjore medical college
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intestinal obstruction
- 2. Intestinal obstruction is a partial or complete blockage of the bowel that prevents the contents of the intestine from passing through.
- 3. TWO TYPES OF PROCESS CAN IMPEDE THIS FLOW: • Mechanical obstruction : Pressure on the intestinal wall • Functional obstruction: Intestinal musculature unable to propel contents along the bowel
- 4. Intestinal obstruction causes • SMALL BOWEL – adhesions most common – intussusception – volvulus – paralytic ileus – Intestinal tumor – abdominal hernia
- 7. INTESTINAL TUMOR ABDOMINAL HERNIA
- 8. • LARGE BOWEL – Carcinoma – Diverticulitis – Inflammatory Bowel Disorders - Benign Tumour
- 10. IBD BENIGN TUMOR
- 11. PATHOPHYSIO OF SBO Obstruction (fluid or gas) Reduce absorption/ es gastric secretion Decrease vascular pressure Oedema, congestion, necrosis& perforation PATHOPHYSIO OF LBO Due to obstruction Severe distention& perforation Bld supply disturbed bld not disturbed supply Intestinal strangulation & necrosis
- 12. SMALL BOWEL VS LARGE BOWEL • Small: – Crampy& wavelike pain – vomiting – pass blood and mucous, no stool, no gas – over time signs of dehydration • Large: – symptoms develop slowly – constipation – distended abdomen – crampy lower abdominal pain – fecal vomiting
- 14. DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS SBO • Abdominal x-ray • CT Findings • Quantities of gas • & fluid • Laboratory studies • Dehydration • Loss of plasma volume • infection LBO • CT OR MRI • Abdominal x-ray (Reveal distended colon)
- 16. Electrolyte imbalance Infection Jaundice Perforation of intestine Necrosis and death of intestine
- 17. MANAGEMENT • Small – Decompression& untwisting of bowel – strangulated then surgery • Large – surgical resection with formation of colostomy – Decompress with rectal tube
- 18. Three main measures- - GI drainage Fluid &Electrolyte replacement - Relief of obstruction, usually surgical
- 19. CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT • Nasogastric aspiration by Ryle’s tube • IV fluids- volume varies depending on dehydration -NPO -urinary catheter • Check temp. and pulse 2 hourly • Abdominal examination 8 hourly • Broad spectrum antibiotics initiated early- reduce bacterial overgrowth.
- 21. UNTWISTING OF BOWEL BEFORE AFTER
- 22. SQUEEZING OF COLON IN INTUSSUSCEPTION
- 23. HEMICOLECTOMY
- 24. NURSING MANAGEMENT • Maintaining the function of nasogastric tube in nonsurgical and surgical patient • Assessing for fluid and electrolyte imbalance • Monitoring nutritional status • Assessing improvement 1. Bowel sounds 2. Distention 3. Pain and tenderness 4. Flatus& stool
- 25. CONT.… • Emotional support and comfort • If non surgical treatment is not respond then go for surgery • With routine pre op& post op care • Post op care include wound care • Colostomy care • Restriction of oral intake until the bowel sound& passes of flatus return