Nutrient Management

Nutrient Management 2010 ND Feedlot School
Chris Augustin
Carrington Research Extension Center
Nutrient Management Specialist
701-652-2951
Chris.augustin@ndsu.edu
www.ndsu.edu/nm

AFO Rules
Animal Feeding Operation (AFO) Definition
Animals have been, are, or will be stabled or confined and fed or maintained for a total of 45 days or more in any 12-month period, and
Crops, vegetation, forage growth, or post-harvest residues are not sustained in the normal growing season over any portion of the lot or facility.

AFO Rules
Number of Animals
CAFO
>1,000 Cattle
Medium AFO
300-999
Small AFO
<300

Compliance Concerns
Permits
CAFO—Yes, NDPDES permit
Medium AFO—Permit if
The facility is within ¼ mile of surface water
Or impacting waters of the state.
Small AFO—if state determines impacting waters of the state

Compliance Concerns
Nutrient Management Plan
CAFO—Yes. Submit to NDDoH
Medium or Small AFO
Yes, if permit required and manure is applied daily or to frozen ground; soil test levels reveal high P levels or NDDoH requests a copy

Compliance Concerns
Recordkeeping Requirements
CAFO—Retained for 5 years
Weekly inspection of water pollution control structures and liquid level of liquid manure storage structures
Daily inspection of water lines
Mortality management
Copy of manure storage structure designs
Date, time and volume of any overflows

Compliance Concerns
Permits are good for 5 years
180 days before expiration, renewal shall be submitted
A permit may be transferred with proper notification to the NDDoH.

NMPs Need
Manure transfer in last year
Acres available for land application
Summary of discharges in previous years
Type of livestock
# of days/year on site
Estimate of manure production
Duration of manure storage
Map of application and mark sensitive areas
Crop rotation
Soil/manure test results
Recommended fertilizer rates
North Dakota Livestock Program Design Manual

Acreage Requirements
The more cattle, the more the acres needed but not a magic cows/acre number
Crop rotation and soil test levels have huge impact on acres needed and future use of those fields for manure
Corn performs well on manure fertilized fields

Manure Nutrient Balancing
Type of livestock
700 Finishing Beef
# of days/year on site
365
Estimate of manure production
Beef Feeding Operation Siting and Design Basics (NM-1155)
64 lbs/day = 8,176 tons/year
16 lbs N/ton = 130,816 lbs N/year
7.1 lbs P/ton = 58,050 lbs P/year
14.5 lbs K/ton = 118,882 lbs K/year
145lbs N/14 ton Corn Silage =452 acres
18 tons/acre, 128lbs P/acre

Prioritizing Fields
Soil fertility
Apply N for crop needs
Monitor PI
Do not apply manure on fields 125 ≥ ppm P
Crop sequence
Proximity to neighbors
Be courteous about timing
Incorporate w/in 24 hours of application
Proximity to surface waters
At least 100ft away from surface waters unless 35ft buffer strip or if buffer is deemed not necessary

Map of Application and Sensitive Areas
Livestock Unit

Q7A
Q7C
Q7B
Q9H
Q6
Q9A
Q8
Q9B
Q5
Q9C
Q9D
Q9E
Q3
Q9F
Q9G
Q2
Q4
Q1
Q9Y
8
Field 1
Field 3
Field 5
Field 2
Field 4
Field 6
Map of Application
Field 7
P10
P1
P2
P3
P9
CREC
P4
P5
P8
P6
P7
N
Field 11
20
Field 12
Field 23
Field 13
19
Field 14a
Field 21
18
Field 14b
Field 22
15
Field 24
17
16
Livestock Unit
Butts

Field 1
Map of Application
CREC
N
Field 14a
Field 14b
Field 17 & 16
Livestock Unit

1,176ft
2 field lengths/load for longest field length
N
Flag 1= 3 field lengths/load
1,140ft
1,000ft
Flag 3= 4 field lengths/load
CREC Livestock Unit
750ft

Soil Test Trends
Long-term issue of N and P management
Crops need 3 units of N for every unit of P
Manure has near 1:1 ratio of N:P
Data collected from NDSU Soil Testing Lab.

Typical Manure Analysis
Manure
Compost
50% Total N Mineralized1st Year
80% Total P Mineralized 1st Year
90% Total K Mineralized 1st Year
20% Total N Mineralized1st Year
30% Total P Mineralized 1st Year
30% Total K Mineralized 1st Year

Sampling Manure
Collect 10-15 subsamples
Mix
Package
Account for differences
Animals, Storage Facilities, Age
Keep samples cool/freeze

Manure/Soil Testers
NDSU Soil Science Department
http://www.soilsci.ndsu.nodak.edu/services/Testing/soiltesting/soiltesting.html
701-231-9589
Agvise
http://www.agviselabs.com/
701-587-6010
DHIA
http://www.stearnsdhialab.com/
800.369.2697
Manure Test Cost $22-50
Soil Test Cost $10-40

Sheet Method
lbs of Manure on Sheet x 21.8
Plastic Sheet ft2
Tons/acre=
8’ x 2’ 8.75”
7’ x 3’ 1.25”
6’ x 3’ 7.5”
5’ x 4’ 4.25”
Materials
Bucket, Scale, Sheet

Weigh empty bucket and sheet
Lay out the sheet

Anchor sheet

Measure square feet of sheet

Record tractor gear, engine RPM, and spreader settings
Apply the manure

Weigh the manure covered sheet in the bucket

Pen Surface Management
Pen Surface Management often overlooked
Muddy pens can decrease gains by 10%
From an odor and manure mgt. standpoint the most important
Scrape the pens and stockpile manure in convenient location
If maximizing pen space—scrape pen surface at least every 10 days

Pen Surface Management
If it is not practical to scrape every 10 days, the operator should consider a higher frequency of scraping under these conditions:
when wet lot conditions are anticipated (i.e. in spring) reduces odor
when dry lot conditions are anticipated (i.e. mid- to late summer) reduces dust
Scrape manure accumulation areas (i.e. waters and feed bunks)
Scraping pens periodically can save 50% of the N

Spring Thaw Maintenance
Monitor system.
Review Operations and Maintenance.
Notify NDDoH if there is a
spill.

Spring Thaw Maintenance
Pump containment pond in the fall.
Pile snow outside containment area.
Clear snow and ice frozen pipes, culverts, and solid separator.

Containment Pond Management
Monitor pond levels
Pull water from the middle.
Direct discharge in areas where environmental impact is minimal.
Spread water over large grass/hay land area.

Containment Pond Management
Pull water from the middle.
Direct discharge in areas where environmental impact is minimal.
Spread water over large grass/hay land area.

Mortality Management
NDCC 36-14-19
Animals are considered to die of a contagious disease until another cause of death is apparent.
Must be managed w/in 36 hours

Mortality Management
Rendering
Incineration
Burial
Composting
Consult NDDoH

Mortality Management Burial
Deeper than 4ft
At least 4ft above water table
200ft from water
In fine textured soils
Mound soil to shed precipitation

Mortality Management Composting
Area that drains, but into water of the state
Area not prone to leaching
Natural decomposition
Does not attract rodents
End result is a pathogen free, soil like product with bones that shatter

Mortality Management Composting
Surround dead animal with >12 inches of bulking agent (straw or sawdust)
Maintain moisture content of bulking agent
Aerobic microbes work on carcass
Odorous gases diffuse into bulking agent where aerobic composting takes over

Managing Microorganisms
Indigenous populations of fungi and bacteria will start to decompose the carcass.
Its YOUR job to take care of microorganisms.
Maintain ~50% water
Aerobic Conditions
Hot Temperatures

Selecting Bulking Material
Rich in Carbon
Airy material
Won’t blow away

C:N Ratios of Composting Materials
Rynk et al., 1992

Laying Carcasses
Dept. of Agricultural & Biosytems Engineering, Iowa State University

Lay bulking material on pad floor

Lay carcass on bulking material

Cover carcass with more bulking material

Monitor pile temperatures and moisture

Turn piles once temps 120OF
Continue monitoring piles
Turn again

Cost Analysis of Manure Fertilizer
46-0-0 = $415/ton
82-0-0 = $470/ton
11-52-0 = $500/ton
0-0-60 = $465/ton
$64/25 tons Manure
Manure Analysis
7-7-10/ton

Spring Wheat Response of Fall vs. Spring Applied Manure
2008 and 2009
Applied 150lbs of N from manure (50% mineralization) and urea
Conventional Till
Spring and Fall application

Spring Wheat Response of Fall vs. Spring Applied Manure
Yield = Urea (a) > Fall Manure (ab) > Spring Manure (b) > Check (c)
Protein = Urea (a) > Fall Manure (b) > Spring Manure (b) > Check (b)
Both growing season were not ideal for microbial action
50% N mineralization should be adjusted for high N demands during early growth

Did the Manure Make Me Money?
$4.20 Base Price
15.3% Protein = $5.70/bu
14.5% Protein = $5.40/bu
14.1% Protein = $4.95/bu
13.9% Protein =$4.80/bu

More Info
Nutrient Management News
www.ndsu.edu/nm
www.ag.ndsu.edu/extension
www.manure.umn.edu
www.health.state.nd.us/WQ/AnimalFeedingOperations/AFOProgram.htm
http://ndawn.ndsu.nodak.edu/

Conclusion
Follow NMP and ground truth soil and manure.
Calibrate spreader.
Maintain records.
Plan ahead.
Maintain your facility.
Manure is good for the soil, cost effective, and can make you money.

Questions?

Nutrient Management

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