MEB is a high performance hot backup tool from Oracle MySQL ( Enterprise ). This slides provides various operations possible by MEB.

1. MySQL Enterprise Backup (MEB)
Remote DBA
Team

2. Overview
• MySQL Consulting
• MySQL Support
• Remote DBA support.
• Expert MySQL solutions.
• 24/7 MySQL Monitoring and Support
• MariaDB, Percona, Galera, TokuDB are supported too.

3. Overview
• MySQL Enterprise Backup provides enterprise-grade
backup and recovery for MySQL. It delivers hot, online,
non-blocking backups on multiple platforms.
• This can be primarily used to take hot backup of InnoDB
tables. This can also backup MyISAM and other non-
InnoDB tables, however that is performed by locking
tables.
• The backup of other non-InnoDB & non-MyISAM tables
taken is not guaranteed to be consistent.

4. Important Features
• "Hot" Online Backups
• High Performance
• Incremental, Partial, full instance backup
• Fast Recovery
• Advanced LZ4 Compression
• Direct Cloud Storage Backup
• Online "Hot" Selective Restore
• Backup Validation
• Table renaming

5. Backup and Restore
● The backup and restore involves conceptually three
steps:
(1) backup operation.
(2) Apply log operation to prepare backup for restore.
(3) copy-back operation to restore backup to server
repository.

6. Option Files Read
• Default options are read from the following files in the
given order
/etc/my.cnf
/etc/mysql/my.cnf
/usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf
~/.my.cnf
• This can be overridden as --defaults-file=/file/path

7. Operations Supported
• Backup:
performs backup to the backup directory, result is raw
backup.
• Backup-to-image:
performs backup to single backup image.
• Apply-log:
Prepares the backup for restore.
• Backup-and-Apply-log:
performs the backup and apply-log in a single step.
• Apply-incremental-backup:
applies incremental backup on full backup.

8. Operations Supported
• copy-back:
Restores data, index, log files from backup directory to
server repository. Server should be offline.
• copy-back-and-apply-log:
Restores a single-file image backup or raw backup into
datadir and then applies log.
• image-to-backup-dir:
Extracts the given backup image contents to specified
directory.
• backup-dir-to-image:
Creates backup image of given backup dir.

9. Operations Supported
• list-image:
List the content of backup image.
• extract:
Extracts the contents of given backup image.
• validate:
Checks for corruption in the backup image by comparing
the checksums.

10. Option Classification
• The options are classified for the ease of remembrance
1. Standard Options
2. Connection Options
3. Server Repository Options
4. Backup Repository Options
5. Parallelization Options
6. Encryption Options
7. Other options

11. Usage
• The command usage is as below
# MEB [STD-OPTIONS]
[CONNECTION-OPTIONS]
[SERVER-REPOSITORY-OPTIONS]
[BACKUP-REPOSITORY-OPTIONS] [PARALLELIZATION-
OPTIONS]
[ENCRYPTION-OPTIONS]
[OTHER-OPTIONS] OPERATION

12. Standard Options
• This option may be given at the first.
--print-defaults
--no-defaults
--defaults-file=PATH
--help
--force
--show-progress

13. Connection Options
• They define the options to connect to the server.
-u, --user=name
-p, --password=
--host=name
--port=#
--protocol=name
--socket=name
--connect_timeout
--connect-if-online

14. Server Repository Options
• Provides information regarding the server.
--datadir=PATH
--innodb_data_file_path=VALUE
--innodb_data_home_dir=PATH
--innodb_log_group_home_dir=PATH
--innodb_log_files_in_group=N
--innodb_log_file_size=SIZE
--innodb_page_size=SIZE
--innodb_checksum_algorithm=NAME

15. Backup Repository Options
• Provides information regarding the backup destination.
--backup_dir=PATH
--backup_innodb_data_home_dir=PATH
--backup_innodb_log_group_home_dir=PATH
--backup_innodb_log_files_in_group=N
--backup_innodb_log_file_size=SIZE
--backup_innodb_page_size=SIZE
--backup_innodb_checksum_algorithm=NAME

16. Parallelization Options
• These options speed up the backup process
--number-of-buffers=NUMBER
--process-threads=NUMBER
--read-threads=NUMBER
--write-threads=NUMBER

17. Encryption Options
• These options define encryption.
--encrypt [The encryption method is AES-256-CBC]
--decrypt
--key=KEY
--key-file=FILENAME

18. Other Options
• These contains some of the important option.
--backup-image=path
--compress
--compress-level=LEVEL [0-9]
--compress-method=ALGORITHM[def LZ4]
--exclude-tables=REGEXP
--include-tables=REGEXP
--incremental
--incremental_backup_dir=PATH
--incremental_base=BACKUP
--start-lsn=LSN

19. Other Options
• These contains some of the important option.
--incremental-with-redo-log-only
--limit-memory=MB
--only-innodb
--on-disk-full={abort|warn|abort_and_remove}]
--slave-info
--uncompress
--use-tts={with-minimum-locking|with-full-locking}]
--include=REGEXP
--databases=LIST

20. Full Backup
• By default when you invoke the MEB it goes for a full
backup
# MEB/bin/mysqlbackup -u backup -p --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --
backup-dir=/var/lib/backup backup

21. Backup Progression

22. Backup Progression

23. Backup Progression

24. Backup dir contents
• Below are the content of the backup dir.

25. Preparing Phase
● In prepare phase log is applied
# MEB/bin/mysqlbackup --backup-dir=/var/lib/backup apply-log

26. Preparing Phase

27. Restore of backup
• `copy-back` option is used to restore the backup to the
datadir mentioned in the cnf file or under [mysqlbackup].
Note: The server should be offline before restoring
# MEB/bin/mysqlbackup --backup-dir=/var/lib/backup copy-back

28. Restore of Backup

29. Backup-and-apply-log
• Back and preparation can be combined as below.
# MEB/bin/mysqlbackup --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --backup-dir=/var/
lib/backup backup-and-apply-log

30. Restore and prepare
• The restore and prepare phase can be combined as
below
# MEB/bin/mysqlbackup --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --backup-dir=/var/
lib/backup copy-back-and-apply-log
• Server should be offline

31. Incremental backups
• Incremental backup copies the changes made after the
previous full backup(base) or by using the LSN.
# MEB/bin/mysqlbackup --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --incremental --
incremental-backup-dir=/var/lib/inc --incremental-base=dir:/var/lib/
backup backup
# MEB/bin/mysqlbackup --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --incremental --
start-lsn=424059414 --with-timestamp --incremental-backup-dir=/
var/lib/inc backup

32. Applying Incremental backup to full backup
• Step 1: The full backup should be prepared first
# MEB/bin/mysqlbackup --backup-dir=/var/lib/backup apply-log
• Step 2: Now apply the incremental backup to the
prepared full backup in sequence.
# MEB/bin/mysqlbackup --backup-dir=/var/lib/backup --incremental-
backup-dir=/var/lib/inc apply-incremental-backup

33. Redo log backup
• The redo log backup copies the changes in the redo-logs
based on the LSN.
# MEB/bin/mysqlbackup --incremental-with-redo-log-only --start-
lsn=431175291 --with-timestamp --incremental-backup-dir=/var/lib/
inc backup
# MEB/bin/mysqlbackup --incremental-with-redo-log-only --
incremental-base=dir:/var/lib/backup --with-timestamp --
incremental-backup-dir=/var/lib/inc backup

34. Redo log backup
• Note: For redo-log backup the LSN should exit in the
circular logs, if the LSN is overwritten, you will get the
error as below.
• Error:
mysqlbackup: ERROR: Cannot do incremental redo-only
backup of InnoDB tables: InnoDB log at LSN 424059414
is already overwritten. InnoDB saves the only the latest
redo log records in InnoDB log files. Older records are
overwritten when their distance from the tail of the log
exceeds the combined size of InnoDB log files.

35. Speeding up the backup
• The Backup process can be increased by allocating
resources efficiently
# MEB/bin/mysqlbackup -u backup -p --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --limit-
memory=400 --process-thread=8 --read-thread=2 --write-thread=2 --
backup-dir=/var/lib/backup backup
Backup log:
-----------
160419 18:58:52 mysqlbackup: INFO: Full Backup operation
starts with following threads
2 read-threads 8 process-threads 2 write-threads

36. Compression
• MEB support compression at various levels of 0-9 , The
default Algorithm is lz4 supports zlib and lzma
# MEB/bin/mysqlbackup -u backup -p --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --
compress --compress-level=6 --compress-method=zlib --process-
threads=8 --read-threads=2 --write-threads=2 --backup-dir=/var/lib/
backup backup
Uncompressed backup size:
255M /tmp/var/lib/backup
Compressed backup size:
58M /var/lib/backup

37. Decompress
• Decompression of backup happens along with the
prepare phase as below.
# MEB/bin/mysqlbackup --uncompress --process-threads=8 --read-
threads=2 --write-threads=2 --backup-dir=/var/lib/backup apply-log

38. Single File backup
• The Backup file ends with extension `.mbi` the operation
used is `backup-to-image`
# MEB/bin/mysqlbackup -u backup -p --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --with-
timestamp --backup-image=backup.mbi --backup-dir=/var/lib/backup
backup-to-image
File: /var/lib/backup/2016-04-19_19-28-14/backup.mbi

39. List and Extract single file backup
• list the content of the backup file as below
# MEB/bin/mysqlbackup --backup-image=/var/lib/backup/
2016-04-19_19-28-14/backup.mbi list-image
• To extract the content as below, by def it is extracted to
the current directory.
# MEB/bin/mysqlbackup --backup-image=/var/lib/backup/
2016-04-19_19-28-14/backup.mbi --backup-dir=/var/lib/backup
extract

40. Streaming single file backup
• The single-file backup could be streamed to a remote
host
# MEB/bin/mysqlbackup --user=backup --password='backup' --
datadir=/var/lib/mysql --backup-dir=/var/lib/backup --backup-
image=- --compress backup-to-image | ssh mydbops@xx.xx.xxx -p
2345 '/home/mydbops/meb/bin/mysqlbackup --backup-dir=/home/
mydbops/mysqlbackup --datadir=/home/mydbops/data --
innodb_log_group_home_dir=. --innodb_log_files_in_group=2 --
innodb_log_file_size=268435456 --uncompress --backup-image=-
copy-back-and-apply-log'

41. Streaming single file backup
● Backup transferred:
[mydbops@master.mydbops.com ~$] du -sh /home/
mydbops/data
855M /home/mydbops/data

42. Encrypting backup
• MEB supports high level security to the backup by encryp8ng
them with AES, Encryp8on works on the backup images.
Crea8ng key-file:
-----------------------
# openssl rand 32 -hex > meb_keyfile
This key is used for both encryp8on & decryp8on

43. Encrypting backup
• Below is the command which provides encryption.
# MEB/bin/mysqlbackup -u backup -p --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --
backup-image=encrpt_backup.enc --backup-dir=/var/lib/backup --
encrypt --key-file=meb_keyfile backup-to-image

44. Decrypting Backup
• The same key used for encryption has to be used for
decryption of the backup.
# MEB/bin/mysqlbackup --backup-image=/var/lib/backup/
encrpt_backup.enc --backup-dir=/var/lib/backup --with-timestamp --
decrypt --key-file=meb_keyfile extract

45. Highlights
• MySQL Enterprise ( Proprietary )
• Written in C
• Supports Windows , Unix and other platforms
• Faster and secure
• Compression.
• Incremental and full backup.
Note : Xtrabackup is an good alternative too

46. Thank You