Shoulder,face ,braw,,compound presention for undergraduate
1.
2. Definition
Defintion
Fetal presenting part other than
vertex includes breech, face,
brow, transverse, and compound
presention.
3. Related Factors
More than one pregnancy
(e.g. Multipara,Grand multipara )
More than one fetus (e.g. Twins)
Too much or too little amniotic fluid (e.g.
Poly hydramnious, oligohydramnios)
Abnormal uterine shape (e.g. Arcuate
,septate, supseptate) or abnormal growth
(e.g Fibroid)
Placenta previa
The baby is preterm
4. Incidence of malpresentation
Defintion
• Breech 3 in 100 (3%)
• Face 1 in 500 (0.5%)
• Brow 1 in 2000 (0.02%)
• Shoulder 1 in 300 (0.3%)
• Compound 1 in 5000 ( 0.05%)
5.
6. Shoulder presentation
It is a Transverse lie
in which the long axis of the
fetus is perpendicular( 900)
to long axis of mother.
Shoulder of baby comes in
– the lower segment of uterus(0.5%)
7. 4 position in Shoulder presentation
Acrimon- anterior(60%)
Left
Right
Acrimo- posterior(40%)
Right
Left
Acrimo anterior position is more common as the
concavity of front of fetus fix in convexity of
maternal spine
Placenta is posterior in 60% of cases
9. Diagnosis
Abdominal examination,
the head is usually felt in one
iliac fossa or in the flank.
The breech in the other iliac
fossa but at a higher level
Fundal level just above
umbilicus
FH sound heard below the
umbilicus
10. On vaginal examination
Early in labor
the cervix is elevated
lower uterine segment is
imperfectly filled
Late in labor
The cervix is sufficiently dilated: We can feel:
scapula, acromion, clavicle, axilla and ribs
Confirm position: If the arm is prolapsed
and supinated the dorsum points to the
back and the thumb points to the head.
11. Neglected shoulder
Prolonged labor
Membrane ruptured
liquor drained
Arm may be prolapsed
Fetus dead or dying
Lower segment overstretched
Signs and symptoms of obstructed labor
12. Management
During pregnancy
A-External cephalic version
Can be tried up to full term,
Even early in labour before ROM
* Laxity of the abdominal & uterine walls
makes the procedure easier than in breech
* The fetus will be rotated only 90 degrees.
B. If fails, do external podalic version.
head.
13. During labor
External cephalic version (ECV) is tried with
intact membranes :
- If succeeded:
Rupture of membranes and application of
abdominal binder.
- If failed:
C.S. is the safest for the mother & fetus.
If the membranes are ruptured before full
cervical dilatations do C.S.
14. Management
In modern practice, persistent
transverse lie in labor is delivered by
caesarean section whether the fetus is
alive or dead
15.
16. Face Presentation
head is hyper extended
presenting part is face
- denominator is chin(mentum)
between glabella & chin
presenting diameter is
submentobregmatic (9.5cm)
17. Types of Face Presentation
2ry face (during labor) commen
The majority of cases of face are
secondary to occipto-posterior which
transformed to mento anterior
Causes are maternal
1ry face (during pregnancy )rare
Causes are fetal
21. Diagnosis
The chin serves as the
referenc point in describing
the position of the head.
It is necessary to distinguish
chin-anterior positions in
which the chin is anterior in
relation to the maternal pelvis
from chin-posterior positions.
22. Diagnosis
On abdominal examination,
a groove may be felt between
the occiput and the back.
On vaginal examination
Neither the occiput nor the
sinciput are palpable
supra-orbital ridges, chin,
alveolar margin ± ala nasi
Confirm presention
23. Mechanism of labor in MA
The head descends with the submento-bregmatic
diameter (9.5 cm).
Descent, engagement, increased extension of
the head
the chin meets the pelvic floor first and rotates
forwards 1/8 of a circle.
With further descent the submental-region
hinges below the symphysis pubis
the head is delivered by flexion , followed by
restitution and external rotation of the chin as in
vertex presentation.
24. Mechanism of labor in MP
Normal mechanism: In 2/3 of cases
the chin rotates forwards 3/8 of a circle
and delivered as MA
Abnormal mechanism (In 1/3 of cases):
The chin may rotate forwards
1/8 circle (deep transverse arrest of the face).
no rotation(persistent oblique MP).
The chin rotate backwards 1/8 circle (direct MP)
25. Management of Chin-anterior
Management of Chin-anterior
Cervix fully
dilated Cervix not fully
dilated
Allow normal child
Allow normal child
birth Augmentation of
Augmentation of
birth
Slow
Slow labour
labour
progress
progress Descent
Descent
with no
with no unsatisfactory
unsatisfactory
signs of
signs of
obstruction Augmentation
obstruction Augmentation Forceps delivery
of labour
of labour
26.
27. It is a cephalic presentation with the
head midway between flexion and
extension.
Incidence: 1 /2000
The frontal bone is
the denominator.
28. There are 4 main positions
• - Left fronto-anterior.
• - Right fronto-anterior.
• - Right fronto-posterior.
• - Left fronto-posterior.
29. Types &Etiology of brow
Transient brow(2RY)
• During conversion of vertex to face.
Persistent brow(1RY)
• Extremely rare
Etiology: same as face
30. Mechanism of labour
Transient brow(2RY)
brow may be converted spontaneously into
face (by extension) or vertex (by flexion)
and this followed by spontaneous delivery
31. Persistent brow:
There is no mechanism
for delivery because the
head descends by the mento
-vertical diameter (13.5 cm)
which is longer than any
of the diameters of the pelvic inlet.
So, the head become arrested at the
pelvic inlet ,and labour is obstructed.
33. Compound Presentation
Occurs when an extremity
(usually an arm less
commonly lower limb)
prolepses alongside the
presenting part.
• Both the prolapsed arm and
the fetal head present in the
pelvis simultaneously.
35. Management
Don’t manipulate the prolapsed extremity
In many cases the extremity will spontaneously
be pulled back and away from the presenting
part.
Spontaneous delivery in 75% of vertex /upper
extremity presentation
Do continuous FHR monitoring because of
associated occult cord prolapse
36. Reduce the extremity if
Prolapsed extremity prevent descent of
fetus gently reduce by pushing it upward
above the pelvic brim and hold it until a
contraction pushes the head into the pelvis.
Do CS if
Non reassuring FHR trace
Cord prolapsed
Failure of labor to progress