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Problemas de
Optimización
Presentado por:
Jorge Luis Mosquera Mosquera
Tonny Alexander García Gonzalez
Darwin Stiward Mosquera Arroyo
Demuestra que el rectángulo de área
máxima con perímetro P dado, es un
cuadrado. Sugerencia: Dibuja un rectángulo
de ancho x y largo y. Por geometría se sabe
en un rectángulo su perímetro es igual a la
suma de sus lados y su área es igual al
producto de sus dos dimensiones
Problema
x
x
y y
P= 2(x + y)
A= x.y
ECUCACIONES:
P= 2(x + y)
A= x.y
ECUCACIONES:
P= 2(x + y)
A= x.y
Despejamos la primera ecuación en función de y
• 𝑷 = 𝟐 𝒙 + 𝒚
• 𝑷 − 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙
• −𝟐𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙 − 𝑷
• 𝒚 =
𝟐𝒙−𝑷
−𝟐
• 𝒚 =
𝑷−𝟐𝒙
𝟐
Reemplazamos el valor de y en la primera
ecuación
• A= x.y
• A(x) = x
𝑷−𝟐𝒙
𝟐
• A(x)=
𝑷𝒙−𝟐𝒙𝟐
𝟐
DERIVAMOS
• A(x)=
𝑷𝒙−𝟐𝒙𝟐
𝟐
• A(x)’=
𝑷𝒙−𝟐𝒙𝟐
𝟐
• 𝐀 𝐱 ′ =
𝟐 𝐏𝐱−𝟐𝐱𝟐 ′− 𝐏𝐱−𝟐𝐱
𝟐
𝟐 ′
𝟐𝟐
• 𝑨 𝒙 ′ =
𝟐 𝒑−𝟒𝒙 − 𝒑𝒙−𝟐𝒙𝟐 𝟎
𝟐𝟐
• 𝑨 𝒙 ′
=
𝟐𝑷−𝟖𝒙
𝟒
• 𝑨 𝒙 ′ =
𝒑−𝟒𝒙
𝟐
IGUALAMOS A 0
Sólo tenemos un punto crítico. Proseguimos para averiguar si
se trata de un máximo o un mínimo, mediante el criterio de la
segunda derivada:
• 𝑨 𝒙 ′′ =
𝒑−𝟒𝒙
𝟐
• 𝑨 𝒙 ′′ =
𝟐 𝒑−𝟒𝒙 ′− 𝒑−𝟒𝒙 (𝟐)′
22
• A x ′′
=
2 −4 − 𝑃−4𝑥 0
4
• 𝐴 𝑥 ′′
=
−8−0
4
• 𝐴 𝑥 ′′ =
−8
4
= −2
CRITERIO DE LA SEGUNDA DERIVADA
• 𝑨 𝒙 ′′ =
−𝟖
𝟒
= −𝟐
• -2 < 0, ENTONCES TENEMOS UN MAXIMO LOCAL EN X =
𝑷
𝟒
• 𝒚 =
𝑷−𝟐(
𝑷
𝟒
)
𝟐
SUSTITUIR VALOR DE X EN Y
• 𝒚 =
𝑷−
𝑷
𝟐
𝟐
=
𝑷
𝟐
𝟐
=
𝒑
𝟒
Observamos que el área es máxima cuando la base y la altura son iguales y ambos
son la cuarta parte del perímetro, es decir:
• x = y =
𝒑
𝟒
CONCLUSION
Entre todos los rectángulos
de perímetro constante, el
cuadrado es el de área
máxima.
MUCHAS GRACIAS POR
SU ATENCION
¿DUDAS O INQUIETUDES?

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Optimizacion

  • 1. Problemas de Optimización Presentado por: Jorge Luis Mosquera Mosquera Tonny Alexander García Gonzalez Darwin Stiward Mosquera Arroyo
  • 2. Demuestra que el rectángulo de área máxima con perímetro P dado, es un cuadrado. Sugerencia: Dibuja un rectángulo de ancho x y largo y. Por geometría se sabe en un rectángulo su perímetro es igual a la suma de sus lados y su área es igual al producto de sus dos dimensiones Problema
  • 3. x x y y P= 2(x + y) A= x.y
  • 5. ECUCACIONES: P= 2(x + y) A= x.y Despejamos la primera ecuación en función de y • 𝑷 = 𝟐 𝒙 + 𝒚 • 𝑷 − 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙 • −𝟐𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙 − 𝑷 • 𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙−𝑷 −𝟐 • 𝒚 = 𝑷−𝟐𝒙 𝟐
  • 6. Reemplazamos el valor de y en la primera ecuación • A= x.y • A(x) = x 𝑷−𝟐𝒙 𝟐 • A(x)= 𝑷𝒙−𝟐𝒙𝟐 𝟐
  • 7. DERIVAMOS • A(x)= 𝑷𝒙−𝟐𝒙𝟐 𝟐 • A(x)’= 𝑷𝒙−𝟐𝒙𝟐 𝟐 • 𝐀 𝐱 ′ = 𝟐 𝐏𝐱−𝟐𝐱𝟐 ′− 𝐏𝐱−𝟐𝐱 𝟐 𝟐 ′ 𝟐𝟐 • 𝑨 𝒙 ′ = 𝟐 𝒑−𝟒𝒙 − 𝒑𝒙−𝟐𝒙𝟐 𝟎 𝟐𝟐 • 𝑨 𝒙 ′ = 𝟐𝑷−𝟖𝒙 𝟒 • 𝑨 𝒙 ′ = 𝒑−𝟒𝒙 𝟐
  • 8. IGUALAMOS A 0 Sólo tenemos un punto crítico. Proseguimos para averiguar si se trata de un máximo o un mínimo, mediante el criterio de la segunda derivada: • 𝑨 𝒙 ′′ = 𝒑−𝟒𝒙 𝟐 • 𝑨 𝒙 ′′ = 𝟐 𝒑−𝟒𝒙 ′− 𝒑−𝟒𝒙 (𝟐)′ 22 • A x ′′ = 2 −4 − 𝑃−4𝑥 0 4 • 𝐴 𝑥 ′′ = −8−0 4 • 𝐴 𝑥 ′′ = −8 4 = −2
  • 9. CRITERIO DE LA SEGUNDA DERIVADA • 𝑨 𝒙 ′′ = −𝟖 𝟒 = −𝟐 • -2 < 0, ENTONCES TENEMOS UN MAXIMO LOCAL EN X = 𝑷 𝟒
  • 10. • 𝒚 = 𝑷−𝟐( 𝑷 𝟒 ) 𝟐 SUSTITUIR VALOR DE X EN Y • 𝒚 = 𝑷− 𝑷 𝟐 𝟐 = 𝑷 𝟐 𝟐 = 𝒑 𝟒 Observamos que el área es máxima cuando la base y la altura son iguales y ambos son la cuarta parte del perímetro, es decir: • x = y = 𝒑 𝟒
  • 11. CONCLUSION Entre todos los rectángulos de perímetro constante, el cuadrado es el de área máxima.