Investing in a time of desruptive change

Investing in a time of disruptive change…
Rachel Bruce, Programme Director, JISC
Niso, Library Resource Management Systems Forum, Boston, MA, USA, October 8-9 2009
Picture credits at the end

Investing in a time of disruptive change…
My context
Changes
How we’ve responded and options for the way forward

Mode of distribution

e-everything
e-journals
e-books
e-learning
e-research
Born digital R & L
= New processes

The scale of the problem in relation to managing & sharing research data?

Open Science, Open Educational Resources

JISC & the British Library: Google Generation Report

“Generation Y” “ … thinking and processing information fundamentally differently from their predecessors” (Prensky 2001, np).
“ …they trusted the results they got on Google above those from Librarians.” (Connaway/Radford)
Patience v want it now
Meta-search v full text
Complexity v simplicity
Logical linear learning v multi-tasking
Largely text-based v multi media
Learning from expert v figure it out yourself
Lynn Silipigni Connaway, OCLC,
Programs and Research

Q. How do you see the future of libraries? Are they becoming obsolete?A. For scientific research, probably. There is a need for purchasing which should be done nationally by specialists but most of the rest will be web-based. (Peter Murray-Rust, Cambridge University )
” Libraries are providing these high growth fields [information provision to scientists] value in the acquisition of resources - for example licensing costly journal collections - but otherwise have been relatively absent from the workflow…”
The library is generally becoming less visible and the perceived dependency on the library reduced (humanities academics having more dependency than scientists). The report summarises this as ” although librarians may still be providing significant value to their constituency, the value of the brand is decreasing” ( Ithaka)

“In fine weather I like to sit under a tree in local parklands”,
Student, University of Oxford – JISC, Responding to Learners

The perfect storm

Chaos for eveyone
“…the current system is so brittle, and the alternatives are so speculative, that there’s no hope for a simple and orderly transition from State A to State B. Chaos is our lot; the best we can do is identify the various forces at work shaping various possible futures.”
Clay Shirky

buildings
systems
Changes
people

What do we do with what we’ve got ?

software is designed around institutional processes for managing local print collections – acquisition, accession, circulation, restricted loan, reservation - these were the automated manual systems.
electronic materials management and access to global resources requiring different processes which have been appended to these systems over time.
See – Electronic Resource Management, Open URL Resolvers, Metasearch engines.

“Libraries can do much more to open up their metadata for re-use. Players such as OCLC and TALIS already offer platforms that enable library data to be re-used. OCLC’s Worldcat…enables the find this book in a library link from Google Scholar…begs the question of 180 or so separate OPACs alongside …M25, COPAC and SUNCAT. The costs of thisduplication must be considerable and the limitations of this approach increasingly frustrating to users of the Google Generation.”

See the wood for the trees…
Connectedness, platform, network effect
(JISC/SCONUL LMS Study, 2008)

TILE
investigate Library 2.0 in UK HE
i.e. current library uses of Web 2.0 applications and services to identify the most significant related challenges (‘Pain Points’) facing library systems development & document using the methodology of the international e-Framework.
to propose a high level library domain model positioning these challenges in a library ‘business process’ context which might assist library service partners to develop a shared articulation of service objectives and functions.

TILE Pain Point
Deriving Context
My
I.D.
From VLE or
Registry?
My
Activity
LMS/VLE/etc
Click streams
My
Studies
Modules from
VLE or VRE
My
Context
My
Networks
e.g. FaceBook
Subject
Networks
My
Responses
Bookmarks
Reviews
& Ratings
Not in initial
specification
My
Parameters
Incl. Location
& Override
My
Publications
Academic
Standing
My
Interests
Keywords
User controlled
HE ‘controlled’
Automated

Usage data and click streams
“ Supermarkets gain valuable insights into user behaviour by data mining purchases and uncovering usage trends. Further insights are gained by analysing purchasing histories, facilitated by the use of store loyalty cards.”
“ Librariescould gain valuable insights into user behaviour by data mining borrowing and uncovering usage trends. Further insights are gained by analysing borrowing histories, facilitated by the use of library cards.”
Dave Pattern, University of Huddersfield – TILE Workshop – December 2008

Network level
workflow
Google, …
Personal
Workflow
RSS,
toolbars, ..
Institutional
Workflow
Portals,
CMS, IR, …
…
Integrated
local user
environment?
Library web
presence
Resource
sharing, …
library
Consumer environments
Management environment
Bought
Licensed
Faculty&
students
Digitized
Aggregations
Resource sharing
Dempsey – October 2007

Above Business Requirements – Realms?
Corporation
Channel
Client

Realm > Requirement > ProcessDecomposition Examples
Corporate
Build Assets
select, acquire
Manage Assets
ingest, curate, monitor
Exploit Assets
describe, enhance, expose
etc
Channel
Access
register, find, locate, deliver
Add Value
recognise, advise, contextualise, store
Client
Consume
register, find, access, reference, store
Contribute
comment, enhance, share
Example
Realm
Corporate
> Requirement
> Manage Assets
>> Process
>> Ingest
>>> Function
>>> Barcode books

“[The challenge is] how can local institutional needs and for global discovery develop sympathetically and efficiently together “
“The difficulties [arise from] our changed requirements and the fact that we don't appear to be able to afford new systems to meet them; therefore traditional vendors don't develop those systems, and open source systems so far seem to replicate the old systems.”

HEFCE funded SCONUL Shared Services feasibility
What, if any, opportunities exist to develop a shared service response (possibly Open Source) within the current LMS landscape
Whether there is a viable business case and delivery model to support any such opportunities

4 Library vendors 80% of the market
Vendors are responding but current systems
not well placed for future scenarios.
Shared Services provide benefits not
generated by market forces.
Early draft, unpublished.

83 institutional responses
Minimal differences based on Institution focus (Research, Teaching, Specialist), Service type (e.g. Converged or not) or Library Management System.
Over 60% of the respondents are involved in or planning some form of shared services activity.
Whilst 89% stated they were open to ‘any arrangement that delivers benefits’, a significant number supported a governance mechanism operated by ‘a sector agency’ in the style of JANET (UK).
There was little appetite for an outside operator (17%) or even a single HEI (35%) leading and recruiting partners.

92% interest in a shared service undertaking e-Journals licensing;
92% interest in a shared service undertaking e-Books licensing;
84% interest in a shared system for Electronic Resource Management;
77% interest in a shared service undertaking Electronic Resource Management.
High level of readiness to consider Open Source software (30% with a further 45% neutral)

Principal interest is clearly focused around electronic resource licensing and management and general cataloguing (all scoring 84% or greater interest)
Services that would facilitate more efficient and value added resource discovery fell in to the next group with over 50% interest
OPAC, search / locate, ILL
Open Data services
Support functions such as forums and help desk

Administration
Registry, Finance
Learning &
Teaching
Research
Library
Domain
Infrastructure
Storage, Services, Security

Shared Services options
Option 1 - ‘Do nothing’
Option 2 - ‘Advisory Service’
Option 3 - ‘Discovery to Delivery (D2D) Service’
Option 4 - ‘LMS Software as a Service (SaaS)’`
Option 5 - ‘e-Content Licensing Scheme with an Electronic Resource Management (ERM) platform’
Option 6 - ‘e-Content Licensing Scheme with ERM & D2D platform’
Option 7 - ‘e-Content Licensing Scheme integrated with a total Library Management & Services Platform’
Early draft, unpublished.

Direction
of Travel
E-Books
Licensing
Phase 3
Phase 2
Local
Collection
Cataloguing
Phase 1
Electronic
Resource
Cataloguing
Electronic
Resource
Management
E-Journals
Licensing
Circulation
Search Locate
Deliver
E-content
Local Digital
Content
Management
Recommender
Services
Partner
Help Desk
Search Locate
Full Catalogue
Inter-Library
Loans
Print Journals
Acquisition
Patron
Help Desk
Acquire
Reading
Lists
Monographs
Acquisition
Manage
Service
Support

October 6, 2009
SkyRiver Connects Libraries With New Bibliographic Utility
New service offers clear, cost-effective choice over current marketplace offerings
Emeryville, CA—SkyRiver today publicly announces the launch of its new bibliographic utility service. Already in use in both public and academic libraries, SkyRiver provides a clear, low-cost alternative for cooperative cataloging.

Making our assets available to the world
ma
Linked data
Resourceorientated

Sustainable scholarship
Excellence in learning

Keep your eye on the future

Expect the Unexpected

“We must digitise and democratise. … the point is not to turn our backs on the world but to make the most of this extraordinarily rich university setting in order to share wealth.”
Robert Darnton, Harvard University
“ Libraries are about the future of society and free and democratic access to knowledge; the challenge is how to do this in this new global environment…”
Sarah Thomas, University of Oxford

References 1
http://www.jisc.ac.uk/whatwedo/programmes/resourcediscovery/libraryms.aspx JISC SCONUL, Library Management Systems, Horizon Scan
http://www.jisc.ac.uk/whatwedo/programmes/resourcediscovery/recordreuse.aspx , JISC, Sharing and re-use of catalogue records
http://sconulss.blogspot.com/ SCONUL Shared Services Feasibility Study
Prensky, Marc. 2001. “Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants.” On the Horizon 9(5). URL: http://www.marcprensky.com/writing.
Connaway, L. Radford, M. 2007. “ Service Sea Change: Clicking with screenagers through virtual reference” http://www.oclc.org/research/publications/archive/2007/connaway-acrl.pdf
http://www.ithaka.org/ithaka-s-r/research/Ithakas%202006%20Studies%20of%20Key%20Stakeholders%20in%20the%20Digital%20Transformation%20in%20Higher%20Education.pdf
http://www.rin.ac.uk/our-work/communicating-and-disseminating-research/e-journals-their-use-value-and-impact, RIN, CIBER University College London
http://www.jisc.ac.uk/whatwedo/programmes/resourcediscovery/googlegen.aspx Google Generation, JISC / BL, CIBER University College London

http://info.scopus.com/researchtrends/archive/RT4/cou_tre.htm, Research Trends
http://ie-repository.jisc.ac.uk/407/1/Students_Use_of_Research_Content.pdf, Students use of research content in teaching and learning, University of Central Lancashire , Centre for Research Informed Teaching
http://jisc.ac.uk/media/documents/publications/lxppostcards.pdf, http://jisc.ac.uk/media/documents/publications/lxp4.pdf , JISC Responding to Learners
http://www.jisc.ac.uk/whatwedo/programmes/resourcediscovery/tile.aspx, Towards Implementation of Library 2.0 and the e-Framework (TILE)
http://www.jisc.ac.uk/whatwedo/programmes/inf11/mosaic.aspx, Making our shared activity information count (MOSAIC)
http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a914077465, Volume 15, Issue 1, 2009, Academic Digital Libraries of the Future: An Environment Scan, Professor Derek Law
References 2

Research data reports
Keeping Research Data Safe: http://www.jisc.ac.uk/publications/documents/keepingresearchdatasafe.aspx
Dealing with Data: Roles, Rights, Responsibilities and Relationships: http://www.jisc.ac.uk/media/documents/programmes/digitalrepositories/dealing_with_data_report-final.pdf
OSI e-infrastructure: http://www.nesc.ac.uk/documents/OSI/report.pdf
UKRDS final report: http://ukrds.ac.uk/resources/
Spectra Final report: http://ie-repository.jisc.ac.uk/387/
Skills, Role & Career Structure of Data Scientists & Curators: http://www.jisc.ac.uk/publications/documents/dataskillscareersfinalreport.aspx
IPR and Licensing Issues in Derived Data : http://www.jisc.ac.uk/media/documents/projects/iprinderiveddatareport.pdf

Image credits
Keep an eye on the future: Concept for augmented reality mobile phone: http://www.flickr.com/photos/leonardlow/310039863/ - Veritas Lux
Google Generation: http://www.flickr.com/photos/eole/380316678 - Éole
Web: http://www.flickr.com/photos/foxypar4/2124673642/ - foxypar4
Tightrope: http://www.flickr.com/photos/tammys_world/1785770650 -Smiles Are Free is Taking Midterms Missing Flickr's photostream
Perfect Storm: http://www.flickr.com/photos/24632781@N00/3712160090/ - girlguyed
Rabbit in headlights: http://www.flickr.com/photos/greendragonflygirl/3422823442/ - greendragonflygirl
e-everthing: http://www.flickr.com/photos/14922438@N00/225171152/ - yellowfilter
Changes/old book: http://www.flickr.com/photos/98469445@N00/327471676/ - vmax1978
Penguins: Professor Derek Law. Other photos: Rachel Bruce

Acknowledgements
Thanks to David Kay of Sero Consulting for the use of some of his slides from the studies he has led for JISC and SCONUL.
and to some JISC colleagues for their slides…and thanks to Lorcan Dempsey as I used one of his, and to Derek Law for the last picture.

Investing in a time of desruptive change

by JISC

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