2. LACK OF
RESEARCH AND
INNOVATION
AS A HAMPERING
PROBLEM
• Insufficient output in research and indigenous development hindering growth rate,
economy and confidence.
• Over-reliance on foreign research, inputs and imports of products, which can be
produced indigenously, makes us vulnerable, economically and otherwise.
• Degradation of Knowledge economy.
• Science crisis for future generations.
Global competitiveness: Innovation Capacity Components Index
Innovation
Capacity
Index
Quality of
research
institutions
University-
industry
collaboration
Availability of
scientists &
engineers
Utility
patents
(per million of
people)
Public
procurement
technology
Country Ra
nk
Scor
e
Rank Scor
e
Rank Scor
e
Rank Scor
e
Rank Scor
e
Rank Scor
e
Brazil 27 4.0 43 5.1 50 3.6 57 4.4 58 0.5 84 3.4
China 25 4.2 37 5.1 23 4.5 52 4.5 54 0.6 20 4.2
BHARAT 35 3.8 27 5.1 45 3.6 3 5.7 57 0.5 88 3.4
Japan 2 5.9 15 5.4 21 4.6 2 5.9 3 260 42 3.9
S. K 9 5.3 14 5.5 12 5.1 19 5.1 7 131 2 5.1
U.K. 14 14 7 5.7 9 5.1 32 4.8 18 55 32 4.0
USA 6 5.5 1 6.3 1 5.8 6 5.5 1 262 4 4.9
Source: WEF 2008.
Despite being the second most populous country
and an imposing economy with tremendous human
resource, BHARAT lags behind in most ratings, most
countries having overtaken us in research and
innovation.
3. • BHARAT Ranked 119 n the 2004 Science Citation Index .
• BHARAT produces only 6,00 PhDs a in science and 1000 in engineering.
• Less than 20% of public support for R&D is for civilian applications.
• IIT was granted 4 patents a year compared with 64 for the Stanford
and 102 for the MIT(McKinsey).
• According to WIPO statistics (2009) BHARAT was granted 7,539 patents
while the equivalent number for Japan was 1,64,954, the US was
1,57,283, the Republic of Korea was 1,23,705, and China was 67,948.
• In 2006, BHARAT had 119 researchers in R&D per million people, while
China had 715, South Korea had 3723, US had 4628 and Japan 5300.
STATE OF SHAME
India not only has a very pathetic number of researchers
per capita, but its investment in researches pertaining to
direct public benefit is also poor. Most countries which till
mid 90’s lagged behind have now overtaken it – viz. China
which has leapt beyond everyone.
4. • Lack of collaborative researches all across country.
• Insufficient facilities and resources.
• Improper Methodology and monitoring of researches.
• Lack of tribunal forum at different levels.
• Lack of Scientific Training
• Insufficient Interaction
• Lack of Confidence
• Inadequate Assistance
• Improper Library Management
• High Cost of Publishing
THE PRIME CAUSES
The vast majority of BHARAT’s science and technology
graduates immediately head for high-paying jobs in
industry. Only about 1% of them go on to get PhDs,
compared with about 8% in the United States.
“Internally the brain drain is quite high,” says Rao. “All the
talent goes into sectors that make money but produce very
little in terms of creative things for the country.”
Universities : Teaching without Research
National Laboratories : Research without Teaching Decrease imports and strengthen
economy by being self-sufficient.
5. SELECTION OF TOPIC
• Core of countries development and progress..
• Research and development is the mind of counties.
• Innovation is not merely an extension of science and
technology but an important factor of development.
• For BHARAT to become a knowledge powerhouse,
promotion of basic research and innovation, and
development of cutting edge technologies are essential.
• There is a need to speed up the process of discovery,
diffusion and delivery of technology solutions.
• With growing population, the demand for natural resources is going
to lead to an unsustainable exploitation so we need to find out
alternates to meet their basic necessities.
• It has been apparent for at least a century that future economic
progress will be driven by the invention
• and application of new technologies. R&D is one category of
spending that develops and drives these new technologies.
• However, private sector firms are prone to focus their R&D on
“applied” projects, where the payoff to their bottom line is likely to
accrue only to them. Their role is not to undertake broad R&D for
the general benefit of our nation.
We believe innovation and research is as integral as nation itself, what
sources if they cant be utilised to the fullest.
We need
uniformity in
excellence in
research and its
ground level
Implementation.
6. PROPOSED SOLUTION
• The need to right-size our expenditure on research and
innovation.
• Contract basis research.
• Need of a Regulatory body to intervene and improve.
• Proper interaction among research scholars and seniors
at different levels for better outcome.
• Start a new course for PHD after 10+2 in a particular
direction.
• Grassroots innovations, with a little mentoring, can be
developed into useful, viable products.
Ideas
Translation
Development
Marketable Product
• Knowledge partnerships forged and resources leveraged for
greater investment in innovation by encouraging greater
private sector participation.
• Increased funding.
• Basic Research
• New R&D Funding Mechanism
• Demonstrate Commercialization and Production Potential.
• Our world market share of exports produced by high
technology industries dropped from 20% to 12% between
the 1990s and 2005. In contrast, from 1999 to 2005, China’s
market share has more than doubled from 8% to 19%.
MANUFACTU
RING
SECTOR
RESERCH
NEEDS A
BOOST
7. • Policy framework
• Govt. And public sector organisations
• Educational and r & d institutions
• Major schemes of central governments
• In house r & d in private industry
• NGOs should be encouraged to take up research and innovation
like Gujarat.
• Evolving an BHARAT model of innovation, with focus on inclusive
growth
• Delineating policy initiatives within the government, required to
spur innovation
• Developing and championing innovation attitudes and
approaches
PROPOSED SOLUTION
• Creating appropriate eco-systems and environment to foster
inclusive innovation
• Exploring new strategies and alternatives for innovations and
collaborations
• Identifying way s and means to s c a le and sustain
innovations
• Encouraging central and state governments to innovate
• Encouraging universities and R&D institutions to innovate
facilitating innovations by smes
• Encouraging all important sectors of the economy to innovate
8. APPROPRIATE
MONITORING
MECHANISMS
• Red tape issues are to be
nullified for any
substantial growth in
research.
• ACCOUNTABILITY –
People to be held
accountable for
investments and regular
monitoring of the whole
hierarchy to be done.
• NAAC should consider
research as a major factor
while accrediting
Universities and research
institutes.
• As it is top-down
hierarchy, senior officials
should avoid nepotism
and stay vigilant.
MOST ACTIVE PARTICIPATION WARRANTED
9. • True innovation can occur only if all stakeholders work
together on challenges.
• Contract R&D is a simple way of developing an applied
solution for client's problems with the help of external
expertise.
•Multi-client programmes are a cost effective solution for
advancing the level of technology for a large number of
companies.
•There are many innovative ways of funding applied R&D
through collaborations among academia, national
laboratories, companies and trade associations.
•Management of government-funded R&D programmes by
industry can be effective for technology commercialization.
STRATEGIES FOR
IMPLEMENTATION
POTENTIAL FIELDS NEED TO BE RECOGNISED AND NOURISHED
10. CHALLENGES
these challenges are listed below.
1. “Lack of skilled human resources”
2. “Not sufficient analytical support around”
3. “Creation of long term collaboration structures is needed. Need to
effectively use the specialized talent pool being generated in India (job
opportunities). In the case of academic set-up, integrated product
development approach is still lacking. Long term focus of industries is
crucial for R&D to be effective, which is missing in Indian firms.
Government policies that encourage Indian R&D are negatively skewed
and favours imports (disconnected from reality of business). In short
there is a S&T policy, but no R&D policy.”
4. “Lack of clarity on goals, Lack of patience by management”
Other Challenges
. “Bureaucracy, lack of or complexity in institutional processes”
6. “Lack of availability of credible partners and facilities; inadequate
intellectual
resources”
7. “Difficulties in commercialization of developed technologies”
8. “Company policy”
9. “No research and innovative mindset”
10. “Lack of R&D mindset among scientists/engineers”
12. “Poor ecosystem to support internal R&D”
13. “Getting talent and retaining talent”
14. “Poor R&D infrastructure”
11. 1. Short-term projects
2. Long-term collaborations
3. Pre-competitive technology research
These programmes are designed with flexibility of interaction and
mutual benefit as the dual goals.
Short-term projects. Industries interested in collaborating on design,
fabrication, or characterisation of nano- or micro-engineered
components, or systems that require a few months to a couple of
years, can approach the centre under this scheme.
Long-term collaboration. Industries interested in umbrella
collaborations covering single or several area of nanoelectronics or
nano engineering over a long period of two to ten years are
encouraged to go through this mechanism that is designed for
maximum R&D benefit to the industry.
Pre-competitive technology research consortium. This is a
membership-based open programme that invites active participation of
interested industries in a pre-competitive technology creation mission.
The areas of open research are defined by the member industries.
STRATEGIES FOR
IMPLEMENTATION
