The 7 Things I Know About Cyber Security After 25 Years | April 2024
DCE5
1. Manthan topic: Brain Gain
“Indovation”
Driving India’s Rise as an R&D Hub
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Presented by
Aarshi Jain, Akash Kalra, Anish Talwar, Prakirti Prakhar
& Kulprakash Bhasin
Dronacharya College of Engineering, Greater Noida
2. 0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
UnitedStates
China
Japan
Germany
SouthKorea
France
UnitedKingdom
India
Canada
Expenditures on R&D
Expenditures
on R&D
% of GDP
(PPP)
2
UnitedStates
China
Japan
Germany
SouthKorea
France
UnitedKingdom
India
Canada
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
% of GDP (PPP)
% of GDP…
Comparison of countries by research and development spending
India’s most significant achievements have been in the broad realm of human resource
development.
A Network of Government-supported R&D Laboratories with Expertise in a Variety of Disciplines
Large Education Capacity with Several World-class Institutions
Large Private Sector Industrial Base
Government Recognition of the Importance of Industrial R&D
Influence of Scientists in Policy-making
Changes to Patent Laws & Increased Foreign Direct Investment in R&D
“We can do it”
3. Sustained economic growth over more than a decade has raised visions of India
becoming one of the largest and most important economies in the world. India
government is strongly committed to feed the innovation process in the Country
and it declared 2010-2020 the “Decade of Innovation”.
India has 302 universities/deemed universities, 13 institutions of national importance and 16,885
colleges offering higher education in the country. Thanks to this large education network, India
has one of the largest stocks of scientists, engineers and technical personnel in the world.
Propelled by a boom in services, and with a healthy growth rate in manufacturing, the Indian
economy has maintained a growth rate in excess of 6% since economic liberalization began.
Cutting across political lines, the Indian political establishment has consistently expressed
confidence in the Indian scientific establishment.
Recent amendments to the Patents Act have brought Indian laws in line with the intellectual
property rights (IPR) regimes prevalent in much of the industrialized world. With this framework
in place, both Indian companies and multinational corporations are expected to step up R&D
investments.
Perhaps the biggest source of strength of the Indian innovation system today is the confidence
that has been generated by India’s success in several industries such as software,
pharmaceuticals, and automobile components.
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4. India has the reputation of having one of the
largest pools of technically trained personnel. At
the same time, the country has depended on
foreign sources of technology for a large number
of its products.
Confounding challenges to
Indian Innovation
• Lack of Dynamism of the
Government R&D System
• Quality of the Higher Education
System
• Absence of a Vibrant High-
technology Sector
• Limited Impact of Government
Support Programs
• The Science-Technology Divide
• Low Magnitude of Spillovers of
Foreign R&D Investment
• Other Barriers to Innovation
More than 90% of the large firms in our sample have
introduced Innovations that are new to the company,
industry and the Indian market and 42% have introduced
Innovations that are new to the global market as well, i.e.
42% of large firms are ‘Highly Innovative’ as defined by NKC
for the purposes of this survey. This indicates a high level of
international competitiveness in India’s Innovation
activities.
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5. Overall..
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India Innovation Landscape is an uneven and rugged terrain.
There are peaks of success and valleys of depression.
In economic terms, India has had impressive growth story, but this growth has
been uneven and has not reached all sections of the population.
In terms of innovation inputs such as infrastructure, investments and others
India continues to lag behind China and western nations.
The innovation output is also not remarkable, however India is a very good in
Innovation Efficiency.
6. A cross-cutting, multipronged strategy is needed to make India’s
innovation system better meet the needs of the common
people. The proposed system includes:
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Structures could be reformed and organizational, operational and regional fragmentation
should be reduced
The co-ordination and steering of policy actions should be strengthened
The prioritization and selection of subject matters and contents should be undertaken
The exploitation of research and innovation activities could be promoted extensively
Universities, polytechnics and public R&D institutes are supported in raising their profiles
and specializing in their fields of strength; the quality of research could be improved
Steering systems, incentives and the regulatory environment could be developed
7. The proposed system will affect the various sectors in a way
mentioned below
Enhancing organizational
and operational
structures
This could lead to proper
management of
organizations without any
confusions regarding the
implementation of any
prescribed policies as in
where and where to apply.
Data records and databases
will be updated time to
time so that relevant
problems are seen
beforehand for its solution.
Enforcement of
Industrial Property
Rights, Copyright and
Related Rights
Should recognize the true value
of the invention and accordingly
take the action of providing
suitable patent or not.
Must be able to take action
against infringers in order to
prevent further infringement and
recover the losses incurred from
any actual infringement.
Intellectual property disputes are in
the main matters to be decided
under civil law and the judicial
system should make every effort to
deal with them not only fairly but
also expeditiously.
Avoiding Litigation
Prioritization and
selection of subject
matters and contents
Keeping international trends in
context, the Council of Scientific
and Industrial Research has
identified core areas where R&D
will be stressed on. These include
affordable healthcare, sustainable
energy, chemistry & environment,
smart & functional materials,
engineering structures/ design and
electronics and earth system
science.
The Council of Scientific and
Industrial Research will set up
five such institutions in physical
and virtual mode. These
institutions will study Synthetic
and Systems Biology, Bio-
Mimetic Materials, Solar Energy,
and Manufacturing Technology
amongst others.
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8. Further reforms could positively affect the present trends of India in
Research and Development
Promoting research and
innovation activities
exploitely
Development of competitive
industries
the diffusion of technologies and
best practices in defined
segments of a given economy is
the most efficient way to
increase the performance of
firms, and to generate wealth
and jobs.
developing countries should tap
into the tremendous knowledge
and technology by adapting
resources to their needs and
capabilities.
Appropriate strategies at the
national level
Quality of research to be
improved
Appropriate strategies at the
national level should be taken to
enhance and inculcate grassroot
interest among students.
Flexible and autonomous
agencies should be encouraged.
Research activities, from basic to
more applied, need to be
adapted to local needs and
capabilities.
The legal and regulatory
environment
the strengthening of relevant
established institutions to give
them the necessary
independence, legal and financial
resources to accomplish correctly
the functions they are supposed
to fulfill.
the establishment of efficient
counter powers, made notably of
users of the public services,
including entrepreneurs, to get
those services better functioning,
etc.
the implementation of
institutional audits, focusing on
innovation-related obstacles.
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9. The proposed system on Research and Development will have
significant impact on the present trends.
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Advanced manufacturing, focusing on
industry/university partnerships and enabling
technologies in robotics, materials, and cyber-
physical systems;
Clean energy technology and efficiency;
Climate change, with emphases on drought, Arctic
impacts, and predictive capabilities;
Information technology dealing with Big Data and
cybersecurity;
National security, with emphases on hypersonics,
advanced computing, and countering weapons of
mass destruction;
Biological innovation and neuroscience,
referencing the President's BRAIN Initiative and
research at the intersection of biology, physical
science, and engineering; and
STEM education, with particular focus on the
Administration's major reorganization of education
programs. The reorganization has not been met
with great acceptance by Congress, but promises to
remain on the agenda next year;
Early on in the appropriations cycle, the House targeted a few
areas in particular for cuts or constraints, among them low-carbon
energy and natural resources. At the same time, other areas like
defense and agriculture would be spared deeper cuts. So far, this
approach has been borne out in R&D funding. With the Senate
continuing to ignore sequestration, the appropriations process has
resulted in some areas of agreement, but other areas of clear
divergence.
