This document provides guidance on writing projects. It discusses how to plan a project by defining the vision and current reality, and determining action steps. When selecting a topic, one should identify their strengths, consider innovativeness, and identify gaps through critical thinking and research. The document also reviews how to scope problems, choose a title, perform critical reading and analysis, work on the project, and discuss results. In summary, the document offers a comprehensive overview of how to plan, develop and execute a successful project from start to finish.
2. Objective
By the end of this module, you will be able to
apply some basic writing guidelines to
communicate effectively …
3. The left brain is about :
Words Analyzing
Numbers
Logical thinking
Sequences Rational thinking
Being objective
Looking at parts
4. The right brain is about :
Rhythm Color
Imagination day dreaming
spatial thinking
Intuition holistic thinking
Synthesizing being subjective
looking at the whole
5. Its about using your
whole brain not just
one side or the other !!
6. Project planning happens in steps
1. vision
2. current reality
3. action steps
4. Problem scoping
7. 1. vision
What is it I really want ??
How will I know when I have it ??
9. 3. Action steps
AIMS
DREAMS
SELF CONFIDENCE
HARD WORK
KNOWLEDGE
TIME MANAGEMENT
TRAINING
POSITIVE ATTITUDE
CREATIVITY
CONCENTRATION
DEDICATION
SUCCESS
10. 1. Topic selection
2. Critical reading
3. Critical analysis
4. Working on project
5. Results & Discussion
INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT WRITING
11. About the project
What is a project?
Phases of a project
Importance of project
How to do?
12. Project ??
A successful project proposal is one that is
well prepared, thoughtfully planned, and
concisely packaged
Unique and time bound
Needs proper planning and resources
Project design - goals and key personnel,
beginning, end, approach, deliverables / result
oriented
Rationally appealing to the donors’
Involves uncertainty
13. Phases of a project
1.
• Conceptualization
2.
• Feasibility
3.
• Preliminary planning
4.
• Detailed planning
5.
• Implementation
6.
• Result
7.
• Referencing
14. Importance of project
An essential part of learning process
Analyzing the subject of concern
Involves you in close investigation of the chosen
subject
Implementation of learning both practically and
theoretically
Helps in developing research and writing skills
Develops a student’s creativity, rational skills,
critical thinking, planning and problem solving
15. How to start ??
Brainstorming, proper planning and discussion
with collaborators
Concept paper ready for approval
Detailed outline for topic finalization
Assessment of resources needed
Needs assessment will enable project design
16. Choosing Topic
Choosing the area
Identify your strengths and innovative aspects
of project
Critical Thinking
Research
Identify gap
Problem Scoping
Name of the project
17. Identify your strengths
Multi-dimensional thought
Identify skills and expertise of the collaborators
Try to identify your weak points
Do not go for a topic where subject area is new
Interest and awareness of your stream
18. Choosing the area
Check for any existing college guidelines on
topic selection
Consult your faculty regarding your idea
Check for research literatures which are
not more than five years old
Do background reading for narrow topic
Do focused research
Refresh your knowledge in that area
19. Ask questions based on Why, Who, Whom,
What, When and Where.
1. Why are you choosing this topic?
2. Who are the information providers and
publishers?
3. Whom will it benefit? Whom are you
targeting?
4. What are the issues being addressed? Is
it an experimental study/descriptive
study and so on?
20. 5. What data do you need to gather? What
methodology of research are you
adopting?
6. When do you have to finish? Will it be
covered in the stipulated time? Currently,
what is the importance of the topic?
7. Where will it be used?
21. Critical Thinking
Produce evidence of learning by means of
facts, theories, methods and projects
Evaluate facts and figures produced
Learning new concepts and implement new
tools
Measure and evaluate your learning
Think of opportunities and threats’
22. Research
Focused research is vital for project success
It helps in getting deep insight of the topic and
problem
Specific path approach to the problem
Produces replicable methodologies
Result oriented research can be implemented
23. Identify gap
Gap identification is based on:
What is the present status of the chosen
subject
Is there any existing problem (general or
specific)
Devised for alternatives ??
Challenges and deadline-driven tasks?
Root cause analysis of the existing
problems and challenges
Possible approaches for gap reduction
24. Problem Scoping
Problem scoping is part of problem solving
process. It enables in:
Information gathering
Interpreting and prioritizing
Deciding feasible alternatives to the problem
chosen for study
Identifying important issues related to the
study
Time and resource boundaries
Gathering the significant effects and affected
factors
26. Critical Reading
Good research
Critical thinking, critical reading and
critical writing are acts of creation
While reading, question the data and
facts
Check for proper justification
Be logical
Focus on existing work
Draft the details
27. Strategize your reading
Read executive summary and abstract for
further reading
Look for keywords
Read introduction and conclusion
Read the introduction and preface of books
for further reading
Check TOC
Check for authenticity of the work
28. Focus on existing work
Existing work in the area of interest should
be carefully read
Draft should be prepared on the same
Any point not clear should be noted
separately for detail study
References should be carefully noted as
per the guidelines
Text referencing is mandatory
Copying more than 3-4 words without
referencing is plagiarism
29. Critical Analysis
Analyze your audience: your committee,
peers, readers, examiners etc
Analyze the details: methodology and tools
should be re-examined for accurate results
Keep questioning:
Are you sure of the result
Did you use most current source
Does the data and description match
Analyze the criticality of implementation
Incase of doubt, consult your supervisor
30. Analyze the details
Check for proper formatting
Read rules and regulations
Cite references
Give examples where ever possible
Figures, tables and charts should be made
clearly
Use third person in your writing
Scholarly writing should be in passive voice
Don’t draw conclusions directly. Give
evidence in support of the conclusion drawn
31. Analyze the criticality of implementation
Clearly mention the limitation of the project
Initially write pseudo code
Run it manually and then write final code
Check if concept and operational method is
justified
Acknowledge possible errors, limitations and any
contradictory evidence
Justify it
32. Working on the project
Brush your skills
Grip on the methodology being used
Try implementing
Draft the details
33. Result and discussion
Compare your work with the existing
Justify how it is different
Draft the details