2. GPS Standard & Essential
Question
SS8H7 - The student will evaluate key
political, social, economic changes that occurred in
Georgia between 1877 and 1918.
A.) Evaluate the impact of the Bourbon
Triumvirate, Henry Grady, International Cotton
Exposition, Tom Watson and the Populists, Rebecca
Latimer Felton, the 1906 Atlanta Riot, the Leo Frank
Case, and the county unit system had on Georgia
during this period.
Essential Question: How did politics, public
discourse, and social reaction lead to divisions in
Georgia after Reconstruction?
3. Chapter 10, sections 1 & 2
The information related to the material
covered for this standard can be found on
the following pages: 312-319, 337, 346-
350, and 358-361
4. Who made up the Bourbon
Triumvirate in GA?
1.Joseph E. Brown
2. Alfred H. Colquitt
3. John B. Gordon
5. What 2 goals did these men
have for the state?
1.They wanted stronger economic ties with
the industrial North to expand GA’s
economy
2. They wanted to maintain many of the old
traditions & white supremacy.
6. Who was Joseph E. Brown?
• Democrat
• State senator
• State governor, pushed
states’ right’s
• During
Reconstruction, lost
much of his popularity for
favoring Radical
Reconstruction because
he thought it would
speed the process up
7. Who was Alfred H. Colquitt?
• Democrat
• Joined Brown as a
state
senator, forming a
lifelong friendship
• Became governor in
1876 and during his
tenure reduced debt
and wrote a new
state constitution
8. Who was John B Gordon?
• Democrat
• State senator in 1872
• Two terms as state
governor, beginning in
1886
• During his terms he
reduced the state debt
and brought new
industry to the state
9. Other than politics, what else
did these three men have in
common?
They were all associated with
the railroad industry
10. What was Henry Grady’s New
South?
A South that was more
industrial like the North
11. By what nickname was Henry
Grady known?
He was called the Voice
of the New South.
12. According to Grady, what was
replacing agriculture in GA?
1.textile mills
2. coal & iron
ore mining
3. tobacco
factories
Textile Mill in Coweta County, Georgia
13. What important, lasting
contributions did Henry Grady
make to GA?
1. He helped establish GA Tech
2. helped raise money for the YMCA
building in Atlanta.
Coach Ross is all smiles after Georgia beat Georgia Tech….again
14. What was the purpose of the 1895 Cotton
States & International Exposition?
It was to show the South’s economic
recovery, to highlight the natural
resources, & to invite northern
investors to invest in southern
industries.
15. What things did visitors to the Expo see?
They saw new
machinery & learned
ways that cotton could
be made into
marketable products.
16. Name 3 new businesses that began in GA
during this time period.
1. Rich’s
Department
Store
2. Coca – Cola
3. Atlanta
Mutual Life
Insurance
18. What was the Farmers’
Alliance?
Formed in 1870, an organization of mostly
farmers that worked to lower interest
rates, railroad freight rates, and change
the government’s tight money policy
19. How did the Farmers’ Alliance gain influence and
power?
Many were elected to
Congress & they
helped elect several
southern governors.
20. What 2 groups formed The Populist Party?
The Farmers’ Alliance and
members of the labor
organization joined together.
21. What 4 reforms were the focus of this party?
1. They wanted an 8-hour work day.
2. They wanted a graduating (gradually
increasing) income tax.
3. They wanted restrictions on
immigration.
4. They wanted government ownership
of the railroads, telephone, &
telegraph.
22. Name 3 other topics that were part of their party’s
platform?
1. unlimited coinage of dollars
2. direct election of US senators
3. tariff reduction
4. use of Australian ballot
23. Who was Tom Watson?
He was the
national
leader of
the
Populist
Party.
24. With what issue was Watson concerned?
He was concerned with farm
reform and the poor and
struggling farmers.
25. With which group of farmers was
Watson, the first southern
politician, to show concern?
African American farmers who
were mostly sharecroppers
and tenant farmers
26. What group helped Watson get
elected to Congress in 1890?
The Farmers’
Alliance
27. After his election as a Democrat, to
which political party did Watson
change?
Populist
(This caused the Democrats
to despise him)
28. What bill did Watson introduce
that brought him national fame
and recognition?
The Rural Free Delivery Bill
29. What did the Rural Free Delivery Bill
require?
The US
Postmaster
General had
to find a way
to deliver mail
for free to
rural homes.
30. What improvements came about as a result of the
RFD bill?
There was an increase in the building of
roads, bridges, & other needed
improvements for rural mail delivery.
31. What jobs did Watson hold during his
lifetime?
He was a
teacher, lawyer
, US
Congressman,
& magazine
publisher.
32. Who was Rebecca Latimer
Felton?
• She was a leader in the fight for
movements centering on voting
rights and alcohol
• Felton also worked to discredit
the Bourbon
Triumvirate, travelling the state
and telling people they cared little
about the middle and lower
classes
• Prior to attacking the Triumvirate,
Felton was a leader in the
suffrage
and temperance movements
33. On what issue did Felton and
the Bourbon Triumvirate
disagree? Explain why.
1.They disagreed on
convict leasing.
2. The Triumvirate all
benefited
financially from the
system.
34. How was the convict lease
system similar to slavery?
1.It was made up mostly of black prisoners
who had no choice in what work they did.
2. They received no pay for the work.
3.The treatment was at the mercy of the
boss.
35. Who financially benefited from
this system and how?
GA state government received $25,000
from private companies & other amounts
from private individuals because it
provided work/jobs for the prisoners.
36. How did the convict leasing
system contribute to increased
poverty & unemployment?
• Paid workers had to compete with the
convicts for the limited number of jobs that
were available that paid low wages.
37. What issues in GA were
improved by Dr. Felton?
1.education
2. prison reform
3. limits on sales of alcohol
38. What happened in September, 1906 in
Atlanta?
There were race riots that
were caused by false
reports of black assaults.
This brought large crowds
of blacks & whites to a
confrontation, resultin
g in the riots.
39. What was the result of these riots?
Martial law was declared
in the city.
40. Define the term “martial law”.
Martial law is when
military forces are used
to maintain order
because civilian forces
are either unable or
unwilling to do it.
41. What was the cost of these riots to the city?
A lot of property was
destroyed; 20 African-
Americans & 2 whites
were killed; and
hundreds more
were injured.
42. What event in Atlanta caused the rebirth of the
KKK?
The lynching of Leo M. Frank.
43. Of what crime was Frank convicted?
He was convicted of murdering
13-year-old Mary Phagan.
44. Who testified against him and why was his
testimony allowed to be heard in court?
African-American
Jim Conley was
allowed to testify
because Frank
was Jewish and
there were many
who were anti-
Semitic (anti-
Jewish).
45. Why was Frank lynched?
Governor John Slaton converted Frank’s death
sentence to life imprisonment. Outraged citizens
removed him from his Milledgeville cell, took him
to Mary Phagan’s Marietta home, & hanged him
from a tree.
46. Why was Frank ultimately granted a
pardon? What did this do?
It stated that the State of GA
had failed to protect him
while he was in the state’s
custody. It made the State
responsible but it did not
officially clear him of the
crime.
47. Who did the Knights of Mary Phagan
become?
It became
the Ku
Klux
Klan.
48. What did the 1917 Neill Primary Act do?
It established a
county system for
holding primary
elections.
49. How did the county unit system affect rural
counties in GA?
It gave them
political power that
they hadn’t had
before.
*Declared unconstitutional in 1962
