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Hoofdstuk 21 2008

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Biology, Utrecht University
Biology, Utrecht University

This chapter discusses genome sequencing, analysis, and properties. It explains that genomes can be sequenced through whole genome shotgun sequencing. Bioinformatics is used to analyze genome sequences and properties such as gene number, non-coding DNA, and repetitive elements. Comparing genomes of different organisms provides insights into genome evolution and development through duplication events, rearrangements, and changes in gene expression.

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Chapter 21 Genomes and their evolution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
2 How to sequence a whole genome? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Three steps towards sequencing a genome
3 Another approach: whole-genome shotgun sequencing ,[object Object],[object Object]
3 Another approach: whole-genome shotgun sequencing ,[object Object],[object Object]
3 Another approach: whole-genome shotgun sequencing ,[object Object],[object Object]
3 Another approach: whole-genome shotgun sequencing ,[object Object],[object Object]
Table 1 Genome sizes and estimated number of genes How to analyze all the sequence information?
4 Bioinformatics DNA analysis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
4 Bioinformatics DNA analysis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
5 Bioinformatics protein analysis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
5 Bioinformatics protein analysis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
5 Bioinformatics protein analysis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
7 Human noncoding DNA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
8 Mobile genetic elements ,[object Object],[object Object],Barbara McClintock
8 Mobile genetic elements ,[object Object],[object Object],Barbara McClintock
8 Mobile genetic elements ,[object Object],[object Object],Barbara McClintock or cut
8 Mobile genetic elements ,[object Object],[object Object],Barbara McClintock or cut
10 Coding DNA, but repetitive ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
11 Duplication, rearrangement of DNA
11 Duplication, rearrangement of DNA ,[object Object],[object Object]
12 Duplication during meiosis ,[object Object]
13 Model for the evolution of globin genes ,[object Object],[object Object]
T21.2 Similarity between human globin genes More similarity, closer relationship?
14 Exon shuffling Creation and evolution of a new gene ,[object Object],[object Object]
Transposable elements and evolution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
15 Evolution and genomes Comparing genomes gives clues about evolution
16 Development and genomes Comparing genomes gives clues about development ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Hox genes Evo-devo
16 Development and genomes Comparing genomes gives clues about development ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Hox genes Evo-devo
18 Differences in Hox-gene expression ,[object Object],[object Object]
Summary of Chapter 21 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Changes in FoxP2 protein between: chimpanzee orangutan gorilla macaque mouse human . Which amino acids are important for speech?

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Hoofdstuk 21 2008

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  • 7. Table 1 Genome sizes and estimated number of genes How to analyze all the sequence information?
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  • 15.
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  • 19. 11 Duplication, rearrangement of DNA
  • 20.
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23. T21.2 Similarity between human globin genes More similarity, closer relationship?
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26. 15 Evolution and genomes Comparing genomes gives clues about evolution
  • 27.
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  • 30.