3. INTRODUCTION
It is the best way as the services provided by
leak detection and repair are as refinery,
chemical plants, hazardous waste, facility which
r been compiled leak detection and repair. It
includes various component like identifying (Bar
Coding),Leak Definition monitoring , notifying
facility and record keeping.
6. Leak Definition:
It is a way for fluid to escape a container.
Unintended and undesired.
Types : puncture, gash, rust and other
corrosion hole.
7. Monitoring Components
Proper use and maintenance and monitoring
and data collection instrumentation.
Use of LDAR data bases.
Work safely and efficiently in an operating
facility.
8. Notifying Facility of
Components:
Facility wide weak rate goal that will be a
target on a process unit by process unit basis.
List of LDAR personnel.
Provide and require initial training and annual
LDAR refresher.
9. Sources of Air Pollution:
In discussions of air pollution sources, four
terms are routinely used:
• mobile sources
• stationary sources
• point sources
• area sources
10. What Are Fugitive Emissions
The term, fugitive emission, as used in air quality
control, generally refers to any emission escaping
from regulated processes (sources) other than via
the designed release point (smoke stack, etc.).
The point source for a fugitive emission is simply
called "a leak." These leaks and emissions are most
often associated with the equipment necessary for
the movement of process fluids and gasses.
11. What Equipment is
Regulated?
The equipment regulated under fugitive
emission standards are:
• pumps • product accumulator vessels
• valves • flanges (connectors)
• compressors • agitators
• pressure relief devices
• sampling connections
• open ended valves and lines
12. What Source Categories
Are Regulated?
Basically, any fugitive emission from within a
facility governed by New Source Performance
Standards (NSPS), National Emission Standards
for Hazardous Pollutants (NESHAP), Hazardous
Organic NESHAP (HON), and Maximum
Achievable Control Technology (MACT) rules is
subject to regulation. These sources include
SOCMI, petroleum refineries, benzene, and
vinyl chloride facilities.
13. The agency LDAR program is
implemented at three levels (Figure 1-3)
as follows:
1. Level 1: Pre-inspection record review
at the agency office.
2. Level 2: Onsite inspection of source
records and a facility walk through and
observation
3. Level 3: Onsite inspection with the
inspector conducting the monitoring and
testing
14. Fugitive Emission Sources
Major leaking components
NSPS, NESHAP, and HON regulations identify the
components in the process transport
function that are to be inspected for fugitive
emissions (leaks). Those components are:
• Flanges/connectors
• Valves
• Pumps
• Compressors
• Pressure relief devices
• agitators
15. Flanges and connectors
There are many ways of joining piping sections
and process and transport equipment
together but 3 common method are welds,
flanges and threaded fittings.
1-Many piping connections are welded.
2-Bolted flanges.
3-Threaded fittings are used for joining small
diameter piping (under 2inches in diameter)
16.
17. Valves
Valves are used to control the flow rate,
turn ON or OFF. Switch flows along the
different routes of piping or control the
direction of flow of gases or liquid.
18.
19. Three points of leak
1-Valve Stem
2-Bonnet/Housing Gasket
3-Valve Flange
20.
21. Pumps
Pumps are mechanical devices that import
energy to a fluid and are used to provide
the power to transport a liquid from one
location to another.
There are 2 common types of pumps found
in the petroleum and SOCMI industries are:
• Centrifugal pumps.
• Positive displacement pumps.
22.
23. Compressors
Compressors are used to compress and
transport gases and liquid . From a "leak"
standpoint, a compressor is the same as a
pump. Mechanically, they are similar to pumps
In that they are generally either reciprocating
or centrifugal. Once again, the major source of
Emissions is the shaft and the compressor
housing.
24. Pressure Relief Devices
Pressure relief devices [also called pressure
relief valves (PRVs) or pressure vacuum
valves (PV valves)] are valves that are
made to release pressure from a vessel or
relieve a vacuum on a vessel. They prevent
damage to equipment and are safety
feature on most vessels in a refinery.
25. Agitators
Agitators are used to stir or blend chemicals.
Like pumps and compressors, agitators may
leak organic chemicals at the point where the
shaft penetrates the casing. Consequently,
seals are required to minimize fugitive emissions.
The shaft of the agitator may either be
horizontal or vertical.
26.
27. Leak Detection and Repair
Program
Scope-This study was initiated to evaluate new
leak detection and measurement
technologies and determine actual facility
fugitive emission rates.
28. The main drivers for this
study are:
Increase production & reduce costs by
recovering lost gas
CAPP Fugitive Emission Management BMP
Increase operations Health & Safety
Reduce GHG emissions / Carbon Credits
Part of CPC Energy Efficiency Program, Gas
Star Program, and the Best-in-Class Initiative
29. 22 facilities from various asset areas were
assessed for fugitive emissions. This included 9
gas plants and 13 compressor stations.
30. Background
In 2005, Burlington Resources purchased an
infrared camera to study hydrocarbon leaks
from gas processing facilities. The camera,
GasfindIR, is an optical emission technology.
It is an infrared video camera with
hydrocarbon/VOC filter that provides visible
images of hydrocarbon gas emissions in
real-time.
31. Detection Technology
The GasFindIR infrared video camera is the first
commercial optical leak detection camera and is
priced at $75,000.00 USD.
The benefits of optical leak imaging include:
• Cost-effectively scan hundreds of components
simultaneously.
• Identify exact source of leaks in real-time with
video record.
• Assessments performed without interruption of
operations.
• Scan hard-to-reach components from a distance.
• Conduct aerial leak surveys over large areas.
32.
33. Measurement Technology
After a leak is detected, it is then measured to
determine the size of the leak using a HiFlow
Sampler. The Leak Detection technician will
first determine a qualitative measurement by
estimating the severity of the leak
(low, medium, high).
34. Source Summary
The study identified a total of 144 fugitive emission sources
within the facilities. The leaks had an average size of 0.77
cfm with a total cumulative annually amount of 58.26
mmcf/y.
35. LDAR For GAS
INTRODUCTION- Over the decades infrared cameras have
revolutionized maintenance in many industries, proving to be the
most superior technology for finding electrical and mechanical
hidden faults –even before they occur.
Infrared cameras can also play a major role in helping to decrease
environmental damage. It detect not only the gases harm
environment but it detects many of gases including SF6 - a gas
24,000 times more environmentally dangerous than CO2.
36. The Mid Wave Gas
Detection Camera
Oil Refining-The typical refinery consists of two
types of process, separation and conversion.
Petrochemical- The industries that make
hydrocarbon substances using base feedstocks
from the oil refining.
Chemical- The production of non-hydrocarbon
or inorganic chemicals from base feed stocks.
Power Generation- The production and
distribution of electric power.
Natural Gas- The production, storage,
transportation and distribution of natural gas.
Service Providers
Regulators
37. Application
Leak Location-The camera can be used to
detect gas from many different sources in the
petrochemical industry but some of the most
common leak paths are from:
• Flanges • Valve stems
• Plugs and Caps • Machinery
• Couplings • Pump seals
• Holes • Passing valves
• Drain covers • Instrument Connections
38. The Long Wave Gas
Detection Camera
Electrical Utility–A large amount of the equipment used in the
distribution of high voltage electrical power uses Sulphur Hexafluoride
(SF6) as an insulating gas.
Petrochemical–The industries that make hydrocarbon substances
using base feedstocks from the oil refining.
Chemical–The production of non-hydrocarbon or inorganic
chemicals from base feed stocks
Service Providers
45. LDAR For LIQUID
Utilities can no longer tolerate
inefficiencies in water distribution systems
and the resulting loss of revenue
associated with underground water system
leakage . Increases in pumping, treatment and operational
costs make these losses prohibitive. To combat water loss,
many utilities are developing methods to detect, locate, and
correct leaks.
46.
47. Benefits of Leak Detection
and Repair
The economic benefits of leak detection and repair can
be easily estimated. For an individual leak, the amount
lost in a given period of time, multiplied by the retail value
of that water will provide a dollar amount. Remember to
factor in the costs of developing new water supplies and
other “hidden” costs.
48. Causes of Leaks
Types of leaks, including service line leaks, and valve
leaks, but in most cases, the largest portion of
unaccounted-for water is lost through leaks in the mains.
There are many possible causes of leaks, and often a
combination of factors leads to their occurrence.
49.
50. Leak Detection and Repair
Strategy
There are various methods for detecting water distribution
system leaks. These methods usually involve using sonic
leak-detection equipment, which identifies the sound of
water escaping a pipe. These devices can include pin-
point listening devices that make contact with valves and
hydrants, and geophones that listen directly on the
ground. In addition, correlate devices can listen at two
points simultaneously to pinpoint the exact location of a
leak.
51.
52.
53. Beyond Leak Detection
and Repair
Detecting and repairing leaks is only one water
conservation alternative others include: meter testing and
repair/replacement, rehabilitation and replacement
programs, installing flow- reducing devices, corrosion
control, water pricing policies that encourage
conservation, public education programs, pressure
reduction, requests for voluntary cutbacks or bans on
certain water uses, and water recycling.
