This document summarizes a seminar presentation on belt conveyors. It outlines the main elements of belt conveyors including belts, idlers, pulleys, drive units and supporting structures. It also discusses aspects of belt conveyor design such as capacity calculation, belt tension, selection of belts, pulleys, motors and idler spacing. The document concludes by explaining the working, advantages, disadvantages and maintenance of belt conveyor systems.

1. A Seminar on topic
BELT CONVEYOR
PRESENTED BY-
ALOK KUMAR MISHRA
DEPTT. OF MINING
MACHINERY ENGG.

2. CONTENT
 Introduction
 Main elements of belt conveyor
 Aspects of belt conveyor design
 Working of belt conveyor
 Advantages of belt conveyor
 Disadvantages of belt conveyor
 Maintenance procedures
 Bibliography

3. INTRODUCTION
 A belt conveyor is a
bulk material handling
equipment.
 It transports bulk
materials over long
distances and over
terrains requiring a
wide range of paths of
travel.

4. MAIN ELEMENTS OF BELT CONVEYOR
 BELT
 IDLERS
 PULLEYS
 DRIVE UNIT
 SUPPORTING STRUCTURE

6. ASPECTS OF BELT CONVEYOR DESIGN
 CHECKING/DETERMINING CAPACITY OF A BELT
CONVEYOR,
 CALCULATING MAX. BELT TENSION REQUIRED TO
CONVEY THE LOAD,
 BELT SELECTION,
 SELECTION OF DRIVING PULLEY,
 DETERMINATION OF MOTOR POWER,
 SELECTION OF IDLERS AND ITS SPACING.

7. CAPACITY OF BELT CONVEYOR
 It mainly depends upon-
-Area of cross section of coal load on belt
-Speed of belt
 Based on uniform feed to the conveyor, local cross section area
(A0) is-
A0 = 𝑘𝐵 𝐵 − 0.1 + 0.11𝐵2tan 𝛼
where,
B- Belt width,
𝛼- Surcharge angle
k- It’s a constant varies with trough angle .

8.  Capacity equation
Q = 3600A0. 𝜌.V.K1
where,
𝜌 −bulk density (ton/m3)
K1- A reducing factor on inclined and declined conveyor.
 Value of reducing factor decreases as the inclination angle
increases.

9. MAXIMUM BELT TENSION
 The limiting ratio of tensions when slip is about to occur
P1
P2
=eμθ
Where,
P1- Bigger tension in top strand
P2- Lower strand tension
Θ- Angle of wrap
μ- Coeff. Of grip or friction

10. BELT SELECTION CRITERIA
 All belt conveyors for bulk materials use rubber-covered conveyor
belts made of a woven carcass having strength enough to pull and
support the load.
 Rubber cover protects it from being damaged.
 Types of belts according to application
- Conventional belting
- Steel cable belts
- Heat service belts

11. FACTORS INFLUENCING BELT SELECTION
 Required belt tension requirements
 Length and speed of conveyor
 Abrasiveness of material handled
 Size of lumps and their tendency to cut or tear the cover
 Method of loading conveyor

12. PULLEY DIAMETER SELECTION
 Pulley diameter depends on thickness of belts used or for surface
installation no. of plies used in belt.
Pulley dia. (Dp) = K.i
where,
i- no. of plies (2-12) or thickness in mm.
K- 120-150 for stationary surface conveying,
80-100 for main trunk conveying
65-80 for gate conveyor
50-65 for tail drive

13. POWER REQUIREMENT
Total Power is summation of
 Power to move empty belt,
 Power to move load horizontally,
 Power to move load vertically.
𝑃 = [𝐾2.(L+45)B.V]+[L. Q ∗ 10−4]+[28Lsin θ.Q∗ 10−4] kw
Where,
K2-coefficient which depends on equivalent mass of idlers & mass of belt
type selected for job.
Θ-Belt inclination.

14. IDLERS AND ITS SPACING
 Idlers are used to protect and
support the belt and load to be
carried.
 The spacing of idlers on the
loaded run depends on bulk
weight of material and width
of the belt.
(1.2m-1.5m) for < 1ton/m3
(1.1m-1.4m) for > 1 ton/m3

15. WORKING OF BELT CONVEYOR SYSTEM

16. ADVANTAGES OF BELT CONVEYOR
 Silent continuous transport.
 Require less manpower.
 Less accident prone.
 Require simple arrangements both at loading & unloading ends.
 Multipoint loading is convenient.
 Energy efficient compared to other means of transport because of high
pay load to total load ratio.
 Less prone to breakdowns.

17. DISADVANTAGES OF BELT CONVEYOR
 A separate arrangement for material handling is required.
 Hot material can not be transported by belt conveyor.
 Vertical transport can not be done by belt conveyor.

18. MAINTENANACE PROCEDURES
 Rubber or metal bladed wipers located on or near the head pulley of
the conveyor provide adequate cleaning and economical
construction.
 Sometimes water spray, compressed air or fixed or power driven
revolving brushes are used.
 Tramp iron can be removed from materials carried on belt
conveyors by either permanent or electromagnetic pulleys.

19. BIBLIOGRAPHY
 Material handling handbook vol.2 by Raymond A. Kulwiec
 Mechanics of bulk material handling by Norman Brook
 www.conveyorsystemmanufacturer.com
 www.Wikipedia.com

20. Thank You