Detail about conveyors & its various types. A conveyor belt is the carrying medium of a belt conveyor system.

1. INTRODUCTION TO CONVEYORS
Conveyors are broadly grouped as below as per
their conversation:
CONVEYORS :
A. Flexible Tractive Unit, &
B. Non-Flexible Tractive Unit.

2. A. FLEXIBLE TRACTIVE UNIT :
• The tractive unit moves with loads.
Example- Belt, chain, rope etc.
• Tractive unit functions as carrying and conveying
unit.
Example- Belt and plate conveyors.
• Tractive unit simply push the load along
stationary conveying units.
Example- Scraper, chain conveyors.

3. B. NON-FLEXIBLE TRACTIVE UNIT :
Load motion is different from the conveying
device.
Example:-
a. Screw conveyors. (rotating conveying device)
b. Reciprocating type conveyor. (shaker or
vibratary conveyor)

4. VARIOUS TYPES OF CONVEYORS :
 Scraper Chain Conveyor,
 Armoured Chain Conveyor,
 Belt Conveyor,
 The Shaker Conveyor,
 Vibrating Conveyor,
 Cable Belt Conveyor,
 Steel Band Conveyor,
 Plate Belt Conveyor,
 Pick A Belt Conveyor, &
 Disc Conveyor.

5.  SCRAPER CHAIN CONVEYOR :
APPLICABILITY :
• It is used to convey load uphill against relatively
steep gradient (upto 1 in 3).
• It can also be used for transport of material on
level and downhill.
• It can be used for short distance purposes in
rigorous mining conditions.
• Extensively used for face conveyors on longwall
faces.

6. COMPONENTS OF SCRAPER CHAIN CONVEYOR :
1. THE TROUGH :
• Trough is an angled iron stationary frame work
of 1.5m - 2m length.
• Each trough fits well with its next trough make
a flush joint.
Fig.1 :Scraper Chain Conveyor

7. 2. ENDLESS CHAIN & FLIGHTS :
• It consists of triangular shaped cross flights (2 -
2.5m apart) joined by a pair of channel shaped
connecting bars.
Fig. 2 : Scraper Chain Conveyor

8. 3. DRIVE HEAD & MOTOR :
• High torque squirrel cage motor with straight on
motor.
• The driving sprockets is in tooth form.
4. TENSIONING DEVICE :
• The return or tail end of the conveyor is a totally
enclosed sprocket drum with telescopic trough
for tensioning of the chain.
• The sylvester is used to draw back the sliding
portion for fixing by means of bolt.

9. ADVANTAGES :
• It is strudy and durable construction.
• It has small loading height.
• Ability to negotiate large Angles of inclination.
• It can be easily dismantled move forward and
extended or shortened.
• Modified conveyors have mechanised shifting
arrangements.
• It has high capacity.

10. DISADVANTAGES :
• Rapid wear of trough and chains.
• Limiting length is 100m.
• High power consumption.
• Inability to handle hard and abrasive matter.
• The dust is formed due to continuous rubbing.
• Initial cost is high.
• Degradation of mineral transported.
• Noisy in operation.

11.  ARMOURED CHAIN CONVEYOR :
• It is also known as SNAKING or PYTHON
CONVEYOR.
• It is an improvement and modification of scraper
chain.
• This Conveyor does the additional operation as
guide and carriers for coal cutter etc on longwall
face.
• The structure has to be very strong to guide and
support machinery working on it.
• They are suitable on cutter loader faces, coal
plough faces & other prop free front longwall
faces.

12. ADVANTAGES :
• It can work when the Conveyor is curved or
snaked to the advancing faces in front of the roof
support due to its flexibility.
• Ability to be pushed forward bodily without
dismantling.
• Very robust and greater strength.

13.  BELT CONVEYOR :
APPLICABILITY :
• Very widely used as transport medium.
• It conveys coal on level, uphil or down-hill on
all gradients upto 1 in 3.
• Used as gate or trunk conveyors.
• It is being used in haulage inclines, main level
Inclined, shaft etc.

14. DESCRIPTION :
It consists of the following :-
• Endless belt : to carry the load and transmit the
power to move the load (2).
• Driving Drum (1).
• Return Drum (3).
• Tensioning arrangements (4).
• Idlers (5)
• Steel frames or stools (6) along the length of the
conveyor.

15. Fig. 3 : Belt Conveyor

16. ADVANTAGES :
• It conveys mineral uphill against 1 in 3 gradient.
• It handles large output.
• It can be reversed.
• It is smooth and is not noisy in operation.
• It has low loading height in case of bottom belt
conveyor.
• It ensure smooth and continuous delivery.
• It has low power consumption.
• It produces less fines (coal dust in coal mines
than any other type of dust).

17. DISADVANTAGES :
• It should be installed in proper alignment.
• Belt has high initial cost and the life is shortened
if initial care is not taken in selection and
maintenance.
• It can not be moved easily forward.

18.  THE SHAKER CONVEYOR :
PRINCIPLE :
• The action of shaker conveyor is through
reciprocating or jigging movement with a quick
backward stroke.
• During the forward movement of the trough, the
material moves along with it.
• While during the backward motion the material
may not move along it but continues to move
forward due to inertia.
• Thus the material moves further during each
stroke.

19. MAIN COMPONENTS :
a. Reduction gear.
b. Electric Drive.
c. Trough line assembled from trapezoidal trays 2.5
to 3m long, connected end to end.
d. Supporting frame with loose wheels or rollers.
e. Cradle of angle iron. The roller work between
cradle, one of which fixed is to the ground and
other is riveted to the trough.
f. Electrical motor may be side drive or end drive.
This gives a reciprocating or jigging motion to
the trough line.

20. Fig.3 : The Shaker Conveyor

21. APPLICABILITY :
• It can be used on level or down gradient up to the
limiting distance of 100m.
• Suitable for longwall faces to carry coal downhill.
ADVANTAGES :
• It is robust and simple.
• Cheap in initial cost and operation.
• Forward extension is very simple.
• Frequency of breakdown is low.
• Repairing is simpie and quicker.
• It is a low height conveyor.

22. DISADVANTAGES :
• Unsuitable for uphill gradient.
• Noisy in operation.
• It creates more dust and fines.
• Low carrying capacity (30 te/hour) and can't
handle large output.
• Development of large dynamic faces during
operation.

23.  VIBRATING CONVEYOR :
It works on the same principle as shaker conveyors.
PRINCIPLE :
• The action of Vibrating Conveyor is through
reciprocating or jigging movement with a quick
backward stroke.
• During the forward movement of the trough, the
material moves along with it.
• While during the backward motion the material
may not move along it but continues to move
forward due to inertia.

24. • But it differs in number of oscilations usually 100
to 3000/min.
• The trough is given reciprocating motion at an
angle with the help of the following :
a. With eccentric drive,
b. With electro magnetic drive, &
c. With unbalanced drive.
• Thus the material moves further during each
stroke.

25. CAPACITY :
• Limiting length upto 80m deals with 250 te/hr
ADVANTAGES :
• Suitable for downhill, level or uphill gradient upto
15° to 20°.
• Low resistance to motion.
• Negligible trough wear.
• Low maintenance cost.
DISADVANTAGES :
• Noisy in operation.
• Produces dust.

26.  CABLE BELT CONVEYOR :
• The belt only carries the material.
• The driving tension is through the two separate
steel wire ropes attached to the belt.
• Capacity is upto 300 te/hr.
 STEEL BAND CONVEYOR :
• It is a steel band reinforced rubber belt in
operation.
• It is long distance, steep gradient conveyor.

27.  PLATE BELT CONVEYOR :
• Consists of series of over-lapping steel plates in
troughed section.
• It suits short distance hauls.
 PICK A BACK CONVEYOR :
• They are used for short distance jobs in
achieving and loading machines.

28.  DISC CONVEYOR :
• Normally, in use for steep gradient.
• The trough are curved.
• The moving element consist of the sized disc
interspaced between the moving chain.

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