Privatization and Disinvestment - Meaning, Objectives, Advantages and Disadva...
Synthetic Food coloring
1.
2. DEFINITION
any dye, pigment or substance that
imparts color when it is added to food or drink
derived from coal tar and petroleum
come in many forms consisting of liquids, powders,
gels and pastes
tested for safety by various bodies around the world
United States > FD&C(Federal Food, Drug, and
Cosmetic Act) are given to approved synthetic food
dyes that do not exist in nature
European Union > E numbers are used for all
additives, both synthetic and natural, that are
approved in food applications
3. Color additives are used in foods
for many reasons including:
offset color loss due to exposure to light,
air, temperature extremes, moisture and
storage conditions
correct natural variations in color
enhance colors that occur naturally
provide color to colorless and "fun"
foods
4. Seven dyes approved under
the Pure Food and Drug Act of
1906
FD&C Blue No. 1 – Brilliant Blue FCF, E133 (blue
shade)
FD&C Blue No. 2 – Indigotine, E132 (indigo shade)
FD&C Green No. 3 – Fast Green FCF, E143
(turquoise shade)
FD&C Red No. 40 – Allura Red AC, E129 (red
shade)
FD&C Red No. 3 – Erythrosine, E127 (pink shade)
FD&C Yellow No. 5 – Tartrazine, E102 (yellow
shade)
FD&C Yellow No. 6 – Sunset Yellow FCF, E110
(orange shade)
5. 1. Brilliant Blue FCF (E133)
FD&C Blue No. 1
IUPAC NAME > ethyl - [4 - [ [4 - [ethyl -[(3 - sulfophenyl)
methyl] amino] phenyl] - (2 - sulfophenyl) methylidene] - 1 -
cyclohexa - 2, 5 - dienylidene] - [(3 - sulfophenyl) methyl]
azanium
MOLECULAR FORMULA > C37H34N2Na2O9S3
synthetic dye produced using aromatic
hydrocarbons from petroleum
has the appearance
of a reddish-blue powder
soluble in water
has the capacity for inducing
anallergic reaction in individuals
with pre-existing moderate asthma
Banned in Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France,
Germany, Greece, Italy, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland
6. Applications:
found in:
ice cream,
canned processed peas,
packet soups,
bottled food colorings,
icings,
ice pops,
blue raspberry flavored products,
dairy products,
sweets and drinks,
blue curacao
7.
8. 2. Indigotine (E132)
FD&C Blue No. 2
IUPAC NAME > 3,3'-dioxo-2,2'-bis-indolyden-5,5'-disulfonic acid
disodium salt or indigotine; 5,5'-indigodisulfonic acid sodium salt
MOLECULAR FORMULA > C16H8N2Na2O8S2
6mg/kg – 500mg/kg
a pH indicator; blue at pH 11.4 and yellow at 13.0
is used chiefly as a biological stain and food color
can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or
can affect reproduction capacity
harmful to the respiratory tract if inhaled
irritant to the skin and eyes
9.
10. 3. Fast Green FCF (E143)
FD&C Green No. 3
IUPAC NAME > ethyl - [4 - [ [4 - [ethyl -[(3 - sulfophenyl) methyl] amino]
phenyl] - (4 - hydroxy - 2 - sulfophenyl) methylidene] - 1 - cyclohexa - 2, 5 -
dienylidene] - [(3 - sulfophenyl) methyl] azanium
MOLECULAR FORMULA > C37H37N2O10S3+
sea green triarylmethane food dye
color is more brilliant and less likely to fade
used for tinned green peas and
other vegetables, jellies, sauces, fish, desserts, and dry bakery mixes at
level of up to 100 mg/kg
have tumorigenic effects
risks irritation of eyes, skin, digestive tract, and respiratory tract in its
undiluted form
11.
12. 4. Allura Red AC (E129)
FD&C Red No. 40
IUPAC NAME > disodium 6-hydroxy-5-((2-
methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfophenyl)azo)-2-
naphthalenesulfonate
MOLECULAR FORMULA
> C18H14N2Na2O8S2
red azo dye
originally introduced in the
United States as a replacement for the use
of amaranth as a food
coloring
has the appearance of a dark red powder
used in many products, such as soft drinks,
children's medications, and cotton candy
FD&C- set of laws passed by Congress in 1938 giving authority to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to oversee the safety of food, drugs, and cosmetics
FCF > For Coloring Food[1] / For Colouring of Food,[2][3] a term to describe a number of food colorings
Fermented milks (plain), heat-treated after fermentation > 6 mg/kg. Dairy-based desserts (e.g., ice cream, ice milk, pudding, fruit or flavoured yoghurt) > 300 mg/kg. Jams, jellies and marmelades > 500 mg/kg
Azo compounds are compounds bearing the functional group R-N=N-R', in which R and R' can be either aryl or alkyl. Amaranth, FD&C Red No. 2, E123, C.I. Food Red 9, Acid Red 27, Azorubin S, or C.I. 16185, is a dark red to purple azo dye once used as a food dye and to color cosmetics, but since 1976 it has been banned in the United States by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as it is a suspectedcarcinogen.