This document outlines various scientific skills including science process skills and manipulative skills. It defines the basic science process skills of observing, classifying, measuring and using numbers, making inferences, predicting, and communicating. Observing involves collecting information using the five senses. Classifying is the process of grouping objects according to certain characteristics. Measuring and using numbers involves observing quantitatively using standard measuring tools. Making inferences is making early conclusions by relating observations to experiences. Predicting is forecasting events based on observations and patterns. Communicating is receiving, sharing, and spreading information and ideas.

1. SCIENTIFIC SKILLS
SCIENCE PROCESS
SKILLS
MANIPULATIVE
SKILLS
•Observing
•Classifying
•Measuring and using numbers
•Making inferences
•Predicting
•Communicating
Sketch specimen and science
apparatus
Maintaining science
apparatus correctly and safely
Handling specimen correctly
and carefully
Cleaning science apparatus
correctly
Using and handling science
apparatus
Using time and space relationship,
Interpreting data, Define
operationally, Controlling variables,
Making hypothesis, Experimenting

2. WHAT ARE SCIENCE PROCESS
SKILLS?
 A way of investigation that involves
specific skills which require the
following steps:
 Planning course of actions
 Carrying out activities
 Collecting data
 Organising and interpreting data
 Reaching a conclusion

3. OBSERVING
CLASSIFYING
MEASURING AND USING NUMBERS
MAKING INFERENCES
PREDICTING
COMMUNICATING
BASIC SCIENCE PROCESS
SKILLS

4. OBSERVING

5. OBSERVING
Specimen given:
Activities:
i. Individually, choose your own specimen.
ii. Record its characteristics.
iii. Keep your specimen.
iv. Let your classmate identify your specimen
based on the characteristics recorded earlier.

6. You are observing
when you are …

7. 1. Using the five senses effectively.

8. 2. Identifying relevant particulars of
an objects and its environment.

9. 3. Focusing on relevant particulars from
massive information.

10. 4. Identifying similarities and differences.

11. 5. Identifying strange / unusual
features.

12. 6. Realizing changes in environment.

13. 7. Identifying the correct sequence.

14. 8. Using appropriate instrument(s)
to enhance senses for the details.
MICROSCOPE STETHOSCOPE

15. What is meant by observing ?
Observing involves collecting information
about objects or phenomenon by using the
five senses :
Sight
Hearing
Touch
Taste
Smell

16. Why do we need to observe?
To compile / gather as much
information as possible about
objects or phenomena.

17. CLASSIFYING

18. You are classifying
when you are….

20. 1. Detecting similarities .
Same shape
Same Colour

21. 2. Grouping objects based on certain
criterion.
..

22. 3. Using other criterion in grouping
objects.
..

23. 4. Grouping objects in different
ways.
..

24. What is meant by classifying?
Classifying is a process of grouping
objects according to certain
characteristics for a purpose.

25. • Many items or information.
• Items or information are
not organised.
When do we need to
classify?
When there are :

26. MEASURING AND USING
NUMBERS

27. Determining the accuracy in
measurements.
Which is more accurate?

28. What is meant by measuring and
using numbers?
Measuring and using numbers is a
process of observing quantitatively
using numbers and standard or
standardised measuring tools as the
reference unit.

29. MAKING INFERENCES

30. 1. To plan actions or to make a
choice.
2. To analyse the cause and effect of
decisions
Why do we need to
infer?

31. What is meant by making
inferences?
Making inferences is a process of
making early conclusions by relating
previous experiences with immediate
observations.

32. PREDICTING

33. What is meant by predicting?
Predicting is a process of forecasting
events based on observations and
previous experiences or certain
pattern of reliable data.

34. COMMUNICATING

35. What is meant by
communicating?
Communicating is a process of receiving,
spreading and sharing of information and
ideas.

36. To spread ideas or information.
Why do we need to
communicate?
To share ideas or information.

37. 1. Record information obtained from various
resources.
2. Translate the information into other forms
such as charts, graphs and tables.
3. Spread the information through various
means and ways.
How do we communicate ?