This describes the different characteristics of research methods.

1. Characteristics
of Research

2. 1. Empirical - Research is based on direct
experience or observation by the researcher.
2. Logical-Research is based on valid
procedures and principles.
3. Cyclical-Research is a cyclical process
because it starts with a problem and ends with a
problem.
4. Analytical-Research utilizes proven
analytical procedures in gathering the data,
whether historical, descriptive, and experimental
and case study.

3. 5. Critical-Research exhibits careful and
precise judgment.
6. Methodical- Research is conducted in a
methodical manner without bias using
systematic method and procedures.
7. Replicability- The research design and
procedures are replicated or repeated to enable
the researcher to arrive at valid and conclusive
results

4. Characteristics
of the
Researcher

5. 1. Intellectual Curiosity-A researcher
undertakes a deep thinking and inquiry of the
things and situations around him.
2. Prudence-The researcher is careful to
conduct his research study at the right time and
at the right place wisely, efficiently, and
economically.
3. Healthy Criticism-The researcher is always
doubtful as to the truthfulness of the results.

6. 4. Intellectual Honesty-An intelligent
researcher is honest to collect or gather data or
facts in order to arrive at honest results.
5. Intellectual Creativity-A productive and
resourceful investigator always creates new
researches.

7. The Research
Process

9. Step One: Define the
Research Problem
• The first step in research process is to develop a
research question.
• This can be a problem that needs to be solved or some
piece of information that is missing about a particular
topic.
• Answering this question will be the focus of the
research study.(Offord Centre for Child Studies, 2017)

10. Step Two: Review the
Literature
• researchers must now learn more about the topic they are
investigating.
• provides important background information about the issue
they are researching.
• tells them what other studies have already been conducted,
how they were designed, and what those studies found.
• University Library,2016)

11. • In research, you often do not want to repeat
old studies, but rather add something new to
the field.

12. Step Three: Formulate the
Hypothesis
• The hypothesis is a clear statement of what is
intended to be investigated.
• It should be specified before research is
conducted and openly stated in reporting the
results.

13. Step Four: Design
Research
• The research design refers to the overall strategy that
you choose to integrate the different components of
the study in a coherent and logical way, thereby,
ensuring you will effectively address the research
problem;
• it constitutes the blueprint for the collection,
measurement, and analysis of data.

14. Step Five: Collect Data
• The collection of data is a critical step in
providing the information needed to answer the
research question.
• Every study includes the collection of some type
of data-whether it is from the literature or from
subjects –to answer the research question.

15. Step Six: Analyze Data
• Analysis of data plays an important role in the
achievement of research aim and objectives.
(Dudovskiy, 2016)
• Once the data have been collected , these must
be analyzed in order to answer the original
research question

16. Step Seven: Interpret and
Report
• you will have to justify why you think that
research aims and objectives have been
achieved.