The document discusses 4 case studies: 1) Rabies cases in Cebu province, with a proposed ranking of priority towns for anti-rabies programs. 2) Suspected dog food poisoning in a city, with data on illness in dogs that did and didn't eat certain brands. 3) A study finding 59% of animal samples and 90% of farms in the Philippines tested positive for PRRS virus. 4) India's request to increase buffalo meat exports to the Philippines, and disease status, production practices, and risks of foot-and-mouth disease introduction.

1. Workshop 1: Evaluating animal disease reports
Case Study 1: Rabies in Cebu Province
The 2015 report indicated that rabies is still endemic in Cebu. The table below shows the
number of animal rabies cases in selected towns and cities of Cebu province. A thesis
student proposed to rank the priority places for immediate anti-rabies program according to
the number of reported rabies cases.
TOWN_CITY Human Pop 20101
Est Dog Pop2
Rabies(+)3
CITY OF TALISAY 200772 20077 5
CEBU CITY (Capital 866171 86617 3
ARGAO 69503 6950 2
CITY OF BOGO 69911 6991 1
BALAMBAN 71237 7123 1
LILOAN 100500 10050 1
CONSOLACION 106649 10664 1
CITY OF CARCAR 107323 10732 1
DANAO CITY 119252 11925 1
MANDAUE CITY 331320 33132 1
1- Based on Philippine Statistics Authority 2010 database.
2- Estimated based on a 1:10 dog to human ratio.
3- Based on database of the BAI Animal Health and Welfare Division.
Guide questions for small group discussion
1. Do you agree with the proposed ranking of priority towns/cities for anti-rabies
program? Explain your answer.
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2. If you plan to change the ranking, what evidence shall you use to support your
revised ranking?
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Prepared by Dr. Ronnie D. Domingo, BAI 05/17/2016 Page 1

2. Case Study 2: Dog food poisoning
Hypothetical data. Complaints regarding dog poisoning due to imported dog food were
verified by the Animal Welfare Division of the City Veterinarian. After three months of
investigation, the office came up with a table indicating the disease outcome in dogs that
consumed or did not consume the locally sold imported dog foods.
Dogs that ate the dog food Dogs that did not eat the dog food
BRAND
Number
affected
Number
not
affected
Number
affected
Number
not
affected
Pedigree 13 34 3 10
Purina 23 42 15 32
Alpo 2 5 1 3
Mr Chewy 21 6 5 45
Dog Chow 3 10 3 12
Eukanuba 6 42 5 35
Guide questions for small group discussion
1. Do you agree with the suggested hypothesis that Purina dog food caused the
poisoning problem in dogs? Explain your answer.
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2. If you plan to present a new hypothesis, what evidence shall you use to support your
hypothesis?
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Prepared by Dr. Ronnie D. Domingo, BAI 05/17/2016 Page 2

3. Case Study 3: PRRS in the Philippines
Source: An Update on PRRS Seroprevalence in the Philippines by CUM Maala, MS Cruz,
AC Bulay and RT Lising.
Materials and Methods
A total of 12,318 serum samples from 219 farms (167 in Luzon & 52 in Visayas-Mindanao) in
the Philippines were tested for PRRS ELISA (IDEXX®). The samples included in the study
were taken from March 2000 to June 2004. Sampling for majority of the herd is based on the
number of animals in the farm having a 95% confidence level and an assumed prevalence of
10-20%. The proportion of samples tested that were seropositive and seronegative was
determined. A seropositive farm indicates the presence of even a single animal resulting to a
positive ELISA result.
Results and Discussion
Table 1. Proportion of total samples and farms seropositive for PRRS virus in the Philippines
Positive Negative Total
Samples Tested 59% 41% 12,318
Farms Tested 90% 10% 219
Guide questions for small group discussion
1. Can we say that PRRS situation in the Philippines is alarming because of the 90%
seroprevalence among farms tested? Explain your answer.
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2. If you plan to estimate the disease prevalence, briefly describe the methodology that
you will adopt.
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Prepared by Dr. Ronnie D. Domingo, BAI 05/17/2016 Page 3

4. Case Study 4: Buffalo meat importation from India
Background
The volume of imported buffalo meat from India to the Philippines has decreased from
43,682.18 MT in 2012-2013 to 42,891.95 MT in 2014-2015. Recently, the Indian government
applied to the Philippines for re-audit of their livestock markets, laboratories and meat
processing plants. India aims to develop its export of buffalo meat to the Philippines and
other countries.
The Department of Agriculture of the Philippines sent an Inspection Mission to India to
determine the risk of importing frozen buffalo meat. During the entry meeting with the Indian
authorities, the head of the Indian delegation informed the Filipinos that there have been no
reported cases of Rinderpest since 1995, no Contagious Bovine Pleuro-Pneumonia (CBPP)
during last 14 years and an FMD control program being implemented for the last 15 years.
India boasts of a Foot and Mouth Disease Control Programme (FMD-CP) which was crafted
with a vision of eradicating FMD in India by 2025. Even OIE has issued a formal recognition
of the current FMD control program of India. However, India remains as a country without an
OIE official status for FMD. Philippines, on the other hand, has been recognized by OIE as
an “FMD-free” country. The country spent more than Php 500M to eradicate FMD.
To reduce the risk of FMD virus transmission, India reported the following production
practices for buffalo meat for export
• Production of Buffalo meat for export very regulated
• Export of only de-boned, de-glanded meat permitted
• Establishments are HACCP and ISO accredited.
• Operate in accordance with Codex, OIE Code (Article 8.8.22)
• 24 hrs. carcass chilling / maturation, pH < 6
• Ante mortem, post mortem, microbiological testing undertaken by both, the
Establishments and Government veterinary doctors stationed at the plant
Guide questions for small group discussion
1. Would you approve the importation of buffalo meat from India to the Philippines?
Present your justifications.
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2. In case the importation would be approved, what are mitigating measures that you
will recommend to prevent an FMD outbreak in the Philippines?
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Prepared by Dr. Ronnie D. Domingo, BAI 05/17/2016 Page 4

5. _____________________________________________________
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6. _____________________________________________________
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