The presentation focuses on the historical events of the nineteenth century in the world and the Philippines which influence Jose Rizal.

1. RIZAL AND HIS TIME
PROLOGUE

4. • What are the effects of the
developments/modernization at
the turn of the 21st Century?

5. Before the birth of Rizal.

6. Feb. 19, 1861 – the liberal Czar
Alexander II issued a
proclamation emancipating
22,500,000 serfs to appease the
rising discontent of the
Russian masses.
June 19, 1861 the birth of Rizal, the
American Civil war was raging
furiously in the United States on
the negro Slavery.

7. • April 12, 1861 the negro slavery in
the United States erupted.
• September 22, 1863, President
Lincoln issued his famous
Emancipation Proclamation.
• June 1, 1861, Benito Juarez, a full
blooded Zapotec Indian was
elected president of Mexico.
Benito Juarez
Abraham Lincoln

8. • Emperor Napoleon
III of the Second
French Empire with
his imperialistic
desire to secure a
colonial stake in
Latin America
invaded and
conquered Mexico.
He installed
Archduke
Maximilian of
Austria as puppet
emperor of Mexico
on June 12, 1864.

9. • Because of the raging
American Civil War
President Juarez cannot
obtain military aid from his
friend president Lincoln.

10. The Birth of Rizal
Germany
and Italy
• Succeeded in unifying their own countries
Prussians
• Led by Otto von Bismarck, the “Iron Chancellor” defea-ted
France in the Franco-Prussian war and established the
German Empire on Jan. 18, 1871
France
• With the defeat of Emperor Napoleon his Second French
Empire Collapsed and over its ruin the Third French
Republic arose, with Adolph Thiers as first President.

11. The times of Rizal saw the
flowering of Western Imperialism.
England
Emerged as the
world’s leading
imperialist
power
People asserted
that “Britannia
Rules the
Waves”
Con’t Won in the First
Opium war
(1840-1842)
against Chinese
Empire under
the Manchu
dynasty,
Acquired the
island of Hong
Kong
Con’t
Won again in
the Second
Opium War
(1856-1860) and
forced the
Manchu
Dynasty to cede
Kowloon
Peninsula.

12. • Other British colonies:
• India, Pakistan, Bangladesh,
Ceylon (Sri Lanka), Burma,
Maldives, Aden, Malaya,
Singapore and Egypt.
• In South Pacific they were
able to get Australia and
New Zealand.

14. Other Imperialist countries that
followed Britain’s example:
France
• Vietnam,
annexed
Cambodia and
Laos, federated
the colony under
the name French
Indochina.
Netherlands
• Colonized the
East Indies and
named it the
Netherlands East
Indies (now
Indonesia)
Czarist Russia
• Conquered
Siberia,
Kamchatka,
Kuriles, and
Alaska (sold in
1867 to the U.S.
for $7,200,000) as
well as Muslim
Khanates of
Bokhara, Khiva,
and Kokand in
Central Asia.

15. Czarist Russia
• Also acquired
Manchuria and as
a “sphere of
influence”
• Built the 5,800-
mile Trans-
Siberian Railway,
reputed to be
“the world’s
longest railroad”
linking
Vladivostok and
Moscow.
Japan
• July 8, 1853 Japan
re-opened
to the world.
(214-year
isolation)
• Fought against
the weak China
in the Sino-
Japanese war,
grabbed Formosa,
Pescadores and
later annexed
Korea
Germany
• scramble for
colonies in Asia
and Africa,
turned to the
Islands in the
Mid-Pacific world
including the Yap
island which
contested by
Spain, Pope Leo
XII gave only
Germany the
right to trade and
establish coaling
station

16. European Imperialism

17. Spain
Spain who
was once
upon a time
the “Mistress
of the World”,
was
stagnating as
a world
power.
Lost her rich
colonies in
Latin
America
(Paraguay,
Argentina,
Chile,
Colombia
and Ecuador.
Costa Rica,
Honduras,
Guatemala,
El Salvador,
and
Nicaragua,
Venezuela,
Peru, Bolivia
and Uruguay
Colonies that
remained
under her
rule was
Cuba, Puerto
Rico and the
Philippines.

18. Spain’s former colonies

19. The Philippines of Rizal’s
Times
• During the times of Rizal, the
sinister shadows of Spain’s
decadence darkened the
Philippine Skies.

20. Instability
of adminis-tration
Evils of
Corrupt
Officialdom
Spain in the
Philippines
Human
rights
denied to
Filipinos
No Phil.
Repre-sentation
in the
Spanish
Cortes
No equality
Maladmi-nistration
of justice
Haciendas
owned by
the friars
Guardia
Frailocracy
civil
Racial
Discrimi-nation

21. Thank You!