3. (1)
Skeletal Basics:
a. Parts = bones, joints, cartilage, marrow
b. Functions:
i. Support
ii. Protection
iii. Movement
iv. Storage for Minerals and Growth Hormones
v. Blood Cell Formation (within marrow)
(2)
Joints:
a. Connection point between 2 bones.
b. Contain cartilage in between to absorb shock and friction.
c. Increase mobility and range of motion.
d. Injuries:
i. Sprain = When you stretch / tear a ligament
ii. Dislocation = When you stretch / tear a ligament pushing
the bone out of socket
(3)
Bone Regions:
a. Axial = Center of the body = Skull, Vetebrae, Ribs, Center of
Pelvis
b. Appendicular = Sides of Body = Upper Limbs, Lower Limbs,
Shulders, Hips
4. (4)
Bone Types:
a. Long:
i. Functions = Weight Bearing + Structure / Support
ii. Examples = Arm + Leg Bones
b. Short:
i. Functions = Increase range of motion
ii. Examples = Wrist and Ankle Bones (Carpals / Tarsals)
c. Flat:
i. Functions = Protect soft tissue like plates of armor
ii. Examples = Sternum, Shoulder Blades, Ribs, Skull Bones
d. Irregular:
i. Functions = Connect and attach muscles/tendons/ligaments
to bones
ii. Examples = Hip Bones, Vertebrae
5. (5)
Structure of a Bone:
a. Compact Bone = Outer Layer = Dense + Solid
b. Spongy Bone = Inner Layer = Porous / Holy
i. Trabeculae = Thin needle-like pieces making the inner
holy part of spongy bone
ii. Gets filled with marrow
c. Diaphysis = Center Shaft
d. Epiphysis = Ends = Covered in Cartilage
e. Epiphyseal Line = At the Epiphyses = Remnant of Epiphyseal
Plate and Adolescent Growth
f. Periosteum = Membrane surrounding Compact Bone on outside
g. Endosteum = Membrane surrounding Spongy Bone on inside
6.
7. (6)
Bone Composition:
a. Organic Parts:
i. Osteoblasts = Bone Cells = Baby Bone Cells that also
secrete Osteoid
ii. Osteocytes = Bone Cells = Mature Bone Cells
iii. Osteoclasts = Bone Cells = Cannibals that eat other bone
cells to get rid of excess / debris
iv. Osteoid = Nutrient Goo = Made of bone cells,
glycoproteins
v. THE ORGANIC PARTS MAKE BONE FLEXIBLE +
RESILIENT
b. Inorganic Parts:
i. Minerals (Calcium, Phospahte)
ii. THE INORGANIC PARTS MAKE BONE HARD AND
DENSE
