11. Task
• Write a SVO sentence with past tense. 過去形
Communicative Task
Step 2 Step 2
Step 2
to
12. Task
• Feel the telepathy and write a To-infinitival To
不定詞 clause to follow the previous sentence.Step 2
to
13. Task
• Check the result of your telepathy.
• Write a story to make the sentence its
solution (Goal) with your partners.
• with more than 5 sentences.
17. Understanding the paragraph
• (1) Which paragraph do you think is better?
Why?
• ( A / B ) is better because ...
• all of the sentences are about one topic.
• the violin family of instruments
18. Understanding the paragraph
• A is a good paragraph.
• There are several instruments in the violin family. The
violin is the most popular. It is an important instrument
in the classical orchestra. It is also played in jazz and
country music groups. The cello and the viola have the
same shape as a violin, but they are bigger. They are
used mostly in classical music. The biggest stringed
instrument is the bass. It’s so big you have to stand up
when you play it. The bass is played in classical
orchestras, and it is also often played in jazz groups.
19. Understanding the paragraph
• B is not a good paragraph.
• Violins are made of wood. The best old pianos were
made in Germany. Musicians spend a lot of time
practicing. Sometimes they play for eight hours a
day. Most violinists stand up when they play alone.
Taking music lessons can be expensive. The kind of
wood in a violin is important. Many famous
musicians started to study at an early age.
20. Understanding the paragraph
• (2) In this paragraph, the topic is bicycles. What is the
author’s main idea about bicycles?
• In some parts of the world, ...
• a) Bicycles are cheaper than cars.
• b) The transportation without a drop of gas is better.
• c) Bicycles are good for transportation.
21. Understanding the paragraph
• (2) In this paragraph, the topic is bicycles. What is the
author’s main idea about bicycles?
• In some parts of the world, ...
• a) Bicycles are cheaper than cars.
• b) The transportation without a drop of gas is better.
• c) Bicycles are good for transportation.
22. Understanding the paragraph
• (2) In this paragraph, the topic is bicycles. What is the author’s
main idea about bicycles?
• a) Bicycles are cheaper than cars.
• →too specific；狭過ぎ，細か過ぎ，具体的過ぎ
• b) The transportation without a drop of gas is better.
• →too general；漠然とし過ぎ，抽象的過ぎ
• c) Bicycles are good for transportation.
23. Understanding the paragraph
• Topic sentence(トピック・センテンス)
• 書き手が主張しようとしていること(main idea主旨)を述べる
• パラグラフの最初の位置に来ることが断然多い（最後や中
ほどに来ることもある）
• Support sentence(s)(サポート・センテンス)
• 主旨をより詳しく説明，描写したり，例を挙げたり，他の
ものと比較したり，原因や理由を述べたりする
24. Understanding the paragraph
• E.g. (1) A.
• MI: There are several instruments in the violin family.
• The violin is the most popular.
• The cello and the viola have the same shape as a
violin(,)
• The biggest stringed instrument is the bass.
27. Task 2
• ( ) is the best place to live in.
• 空欄を自分の意見で埋めて、エッセイ
を書いてみよう。その主張を裏打ちす
る「実例」をいくつかあげること。
28. Some writing tips
• 1. いる・あるで終わる文章:
• There is[are]/ We have
• 2. 動詞がある文章:
• 使う動詞を考える→主語を考える
• 3. 動詞がない文章: be動詞
29. Some writing tips
• いる・あるで終わる文章: There …/ We have
• 大都市にはたくさんの人がいる。
• There are lots of people in a big city.
• 静岡にはたくさんの自然がある。
• There is a lot of nature in Shizuoka.
• We have rich nature in Shizuoka.
30. Some writing tips
• 動詞がある文章:
• 動詞決め→主語決め→必要な目的語
• 静岡ではおいしい水が飲める。
• 使う動詞を考える: drink→can drink
• 主語を考える: △I→×Shizuoka→You
• You can drink delicious water in Shizuoka.
31. Some writing tips
• 動詞がない文章: be動詞
• 大都市は車で混雑している。
• Big cities are (too) crowded with cars.
• 静岡はのどかだ。
• Shizuoka is a peaceful place (to live).
• Cf. We have peaceful scenes in Shizuoka./You can see
…
