AIDS Dr. Yashika Introduction Causative agent : Human Immunodeficiency Viruses (HIV) HIV belongs to retrovirus family (double stranded RNA). Mode of transmission Sexual intercourse IV drug abusers Blood transfusion Use of contaminated needles Breastfeeding Perinatal transmission Immunopathogenesis Immunological Markers CD4 T lymphocyte count RT-PCR Raised P-24 antigen titre Raised serum β2 microglobulin Clinical Presentation Development of Ab marks the stage of seroconversion aka flu-like syndrome. Acute infection syndrome characterized by fever, skin rash, arthralgia, lymphadenopathy and diarrhoea. This is called seroconversion illness lasts upto 2-3 weeks and gets resolved itself spontaneously. Gynaecological Symptoms Infections of genital tract. Neoplasm of genital tract. Menstrual abnormalities. Fertility and pregnancy are not affected. Diagnosis Detection of IgG antibody. ELISA Western blot PCR Treatment

1. AIDS
Dr. Yashika

2. Introduction
• Causative agent : Human Immunodeficiency Viruses (HIV)
• HIV belongs to retrovirus family (double stranded RNA).

3. Mode of transmission
• Sexual intercourse
• IV drug abusers
• Blood transfusion
• Use of contaminated needles
• Breastfeeding
• Perinatal transmission

4. Immunopathogenesis
Clinical latency
Immune response to HIV
Acute syndrome
Primary infection
3 – 6 weeks
1 week – 3 months
1 – 2 weeks
7 – 10 years

5. Immunological Markers
• CD4 T lymphocyte count
• RT-PCR
• Raised P-24 antigen titre
• Raised serum β2 microglobulin

6. Clinical Presentation
• Development of Ab marks the stage of seroconversion
aka flu-like syndrome.
• Acute infection syndrome characterized by fever, skin
rash, arthralgia, lymphadenopathy and diarrhoea. This
is called seroconversion illness lasts upto 2-3 weeks and
gets resolved itself spontaneously.

7. Gynaecological Symptoms
• Infections of genital tract.
• Neoplasm of genital tract.
• Menstrual abnormalities.
• Fertility and pregnancy are not affected.

8. Diagnosis
• Detection of IgG antibody.
• ELISA
• Western blot
• PCR

9. Treatment
Preventive
• Safer sex
• Male circumcision
• HIV negative blood
transfusion
• Termination of pregnancy
• Avoid breastfeeding
Definitive
• Antiretroviral therapy
• Nucleoside Reverse
Transcriptase Inhibitors
• Non Nucleoside Reverse
Transcriptase Inhibitors
• Protease Inhibitors