Transboundary Water Management Workshop held in Johannesburg, South Africa from April 29-30, 2014.

1. Climate Resilience Infrastructure
Development Facility
Support to infrastructure
development in SADC

2. What is CRIDF?
Climate Resilience Infrastructure
Development Facility;
DFID’s new infrastructure support
programme in southern Africa;
Delivering water related infrastructure in SADC
Countries, building climate resilience for the poor;
“Peaceful and climate resilient management of
shared water resources in SADC for the benefit of
the poor.”

3. Being implemented by;Being implemented by;
In association with;

4. An introduction to SADC
The Southern African Development Community
15 nation block in southern Africa
- 12 mainland, and 3 island States.
281 million people
Botswana
GDP varies widely – wealthier
south, rapidly developing north.
South Africa’s economy is
2x the rest of SADC combined.

5. Water in SADC
Rainfall varies widely – from
+2000 mm/a to < 100 mm/a.
15 Transboundary Basins hold 70%
of surface waters.
5% of available water used.
Water availability varies over time
and space.

6. Lead from SADC’s Vision for Infrastructure
Development;
Infrastructure development is seen as a central and key
pillar to SADC’s RSAP III delivering on;
Equitable and sustainable utilisation of water for
social and environmental justice and regional
integration and economic benefits for present and
future generations.

7. CRIDF Strategy informed by demand
and climate vulnerability context:
Working with SADC and RBOs to respond
to demand for investments;
Differentiating between well watered
(northern) basins and water stressed
(southern) basins;
Pursuing a specific strategy in each basin
–improving climate resilience according
to context;

8. Zambezi:
Orange:
Small scale storage and irrigation projects;
Enhancing and maintaining natural storage
infrastructure; and
Introducing the ‘water, food, and energy’
nexus in policy.
Stretching available resources further, and
equitable sharing of the saved water; and
Introducing strategic peace dividends into
Basin Planning

9. Virtual Water
flows
4.14.14.14.1 km3333
1.21.21.21.2 km3333
Data Sources: Mekonnen and Hoekstra (2011), SADC States & CRIDF
Dry south
Wet north
8.98.98.98.9 km333313.513.513.513.5 km3333
14.814.814.814.8 km3333
17.417.417.417.4 km3333

10. Hydro north (uses 17%)
Thermal south (uses 83%)
Source: Southern African Power Pool (Musaba 2010)
74.3 % Coal
20.1 % Hydropower
4.0% Nuclear
1.6 % Gas / Diesel
97% domestic demand & 3 % bilateral trades
Growth in demand > 5%

11. 6.540 GWh/yr
8.280 GWh/yr
Virtual Water in
electricity trades
Data Sources: ESKOM, SAPP, CRIDF – Year
2012/2013
1,936 Mill m3/yr (6%)
11.76 Mill m3/yr (3.5%)

12. Source: World Bank 2010, Zambezi IWRM Strategy 2008, Beilfuss 2012
Drought of 1992:
Reduced generation
loss of U$ 102 million.
Drought of 1992:
Reduced generation
loss of U$ 102 million.
From 1981-2001 no overflow
from Kariba Dam.
From 1981-2001 no overflow
from Kariba Dam.
Drought of 1992:
Reduced generation
loss of U$ 102 million.
From 1981-2001 no overflow
from Kariba Dam.
+ 2,300 MW Inga III+ 2,300 MW Inga III+ 2,300 MW Inga III Evaporation off
hydro reserviors:
= 11-16% of MAR
Evaporation off
hydro reserviors:
= 11-16% of MAR
Evaporation off
hydro reserviors:
= 11-16% of MAR
Climate Change:
Firm Power down 43%
Average down 25%
Climate Change:
Firm Power down 43%
Average down 25%
Climate Change:
Firm Power down 43%
Average down 25%
Installed Hydro:
5000 MW (10%)
Planned:
additional 13000 MW
Installed Hydro:
5000 MW (10%)
Planned:
additional 13000 MW
Installed Hydro:
5000 MW (10%)
Planned:
additional 13000 MW
The Zambezi

13. Source: World Bank 2010
Cooperating on hydropower:
Increase generation by 23%
Cooperating on hydropower:
Increase generation by 23%
Cooperating on Irrigation
and hydropower
Expanding irrigation:
• Potential 184% expansion
• Firm Power decrease 21%
• Average decrease 9%
Expanding irrigation:
• Potential 184% expansion
• Firm Power decrease 21%
• Average decrease 9%
Expanding irrigation:
• Potential 184% expansion
• Firm Power decrease 21%
• Average decrease 9%
Moving 30,000 ha of irrigation:
• 0.03 km3/a in Zambia, 0.08 km3/a in
Mozambique (if sugar).
• Firm Power increase 2%
• Net Present Value U$ 140 million
Moving 30,000 ha of irrigation:
• 0.03 km3/a in Zambia, 0.08 km3/a in
Mozambique (if sugar).
• Firm Power increase 2%
• Net Present Value U$ 140 million
Moving 30,000 ha of irrigation:
• 0.03 km3/a in Zambia, 0.08 km3/a in
Mozambique (if sugar).
• Firm Power increase 2%
• Net Present Value U$ 140 million

14. The Orange-Senqu
> 85 % of water used in Power
Generation in South Africa
from the Orange-Senqu
≈ 280 million m3 at high
assurance (2% of total use)

15. Water in energy:
Move towards sovereign security and
regional surplus through investment in
generation and transmission infrastructure
and bilateral agreements
Provide for growing rural demand through
micro- and mini-hydropower
When water is available ramp down
thermal- and ramp up hydro-power
In drought ramp up thermal- and ramp
down hydro-power.

16. Water in agricultural products:
Establish variable assurance of supply
based on usufruct rights
Manage energy and irrigation
conjunctively and regionally
For regional companies;;;;
• When water is available ramp up
production
• In drought ramp down production,
and meet demands through regional
trading