Assignment Content https://www.ted.com/talks/amy_cuddy_your_body_language_shapes_who_you_are View the provided video and think back to a busy social area such as; train station, JAG café, restaurant, or classroom and recall your observations of the people who were engaged in communication. Write down as many nonverbal codes as you can identify; be sure to explain the code with a specific example . In an essay of at least THREE paragraphs (at least 5 sentences per paragraph) evaluate what the nonverbal codes tell you about the individuals, their relationship, context, culture, and communication events. Requirements: Times New Roman Font, 12 points Double Spaced Here is the Chapter 4 of Non-verbal Nonverbal communication is all the ways people transmit messages through means other than words. What you “physically” say with your words and what you “symbolically” say without words work together to create meaning. So when you talk to your next door neighbor or the person sitting next to you on the bus and smile, move closer to, shake hands, or roll your eyes influences how he or she  interprets your message.  Like language, nonverbal communication is also related to culture and gender. The meaning of any nonverbal behavior is defined by the cultures of the speaker and receiver. Miscommunication can occur when nonverbal gestures are misunderstood or have another meaning in a different culture. (See video on hand gestures) Nonverbal communication conveys cultural meanings of gender. Men and women use nonverbal communication to express themselves as gendered. Functions of nonverbal communication include supplementing spoken language, regulating interaction, and conveying relationship level meaning. Nonverbal communication may supplement verbal communication by: repeating words, contradicting a verbal message, complementing verbal statements, replacing language, accenting verbal message by emphasizing certain words. Nonverbal cues may also regulate interaction through behaviors like eye contact and body posture. Women tend to use cues to invite and encourage others into conversations. Men tend to use more cues to maintain attention and discourage others from speaking.  Nonverbal communication also is the primary conveyance of relationship levels of meaning. Three primary dimensions of relationship level meaning are responsiveness liking and power. Responsiveness conveys interest in the interaction involvement with others. Nonverbal cues indicating responsiveness include nonverbal cues like inflection, eye contact and open body posture. A lack of responsiveness may be indicated through behaviors like looking around, turning away or yawning. Females tend to use nonverbal behaviors to indicate involvement with others and signal empathy. Women also tend to be more overtly expressive of emotions and smile more. Feminine speech communities teach responsiveness to create affiliation. Liking is the nonverbal relationship level meani.

1. Assignment Content
https://www.ted.com/talks/amy_cuddy_your_body_language_sh
apes_who_you_are
View the provided
video
and think back to a busy social area such as; train station, JAG
café, restaurant, or classroom and recall your observations of
the people who were engaged in communication. Write down as
many nonverbal codes as you can identify; be sure to
explain
the code with a
specific example
.
In an essay of at least THREE paragraphs (at least 5 sentences
per paragraph) evaluate what the nonverbal codes tell you about
the individuals, their relationship, context, culture, and
communication events.
Requirements:
Times New Roman Font, 12 points
Double Spaced

2. Here is the Chapter 4 of Non-verbal
Nonverbal communication is all the ways people transmit
messages through means other than words. What you
“physically” say with your words
and
what you “symbolically” say without words work together to
create meaning. So when you talk to your next door neighbor or
the person sitting next to you on the bus and smile, move closer
to, shake hands, or roll your eyes influences how he or she
interprets your message.
Like language, nonverbal communication is also related to
culture and gender. The meaning of any nonverbal behavior is
defined by the cultures of the speaker and receiver.
Miscommunication can occur when nonverbal gestures are
misunderstood or have another meaning in a different culture.
(See video on hand gestures)
Nonverbal communication conveys cultural meanings of gender.
Men and women use nonverbal communication to express
themselves as gendered. Functions of nonverbal communication
include supplementing spoken language, regulating interaction,
and conveying relationship level meaning. Nonverbal
communication may supplement verbal communication by:
repeating words, contradicting a verbal message,
complementing verbal statements, replacing language, accenting
verbal message by emphasizing certain words. Nonverbal cues
may also regulate interaction through behaviors like eye contact
and body posture. Women tend to use cues to invite and
encourage others into conversations. Men tend to use more cues
to maintain attention and discourage others from speaking.

3. Nonverbal communication also is the primary conveyance of
relationship levels of meaning. Three primary dimensions of
relationship level meaning are responsiveness liking and power.
Responsiveness conveys interest in the interaction involvement
with others. Nonverbal cues indicating responsiveness include
nonverbal cues like inflection, eye contact and open body
posture. A lack of responsiveness may be indicated through
behaviors like looking around, turning away or yawning.
Females tend to use nonverbal behaviors to indicate
involvement with others and signal empathy. Women also tend
to be more overtly expressive of emotions and smile more.
Feminine speech communities teach responsiveness to create
affiliation. Liking is the nonverbal relationship level meaning
that signals whether we like or dislike someone. Nonverbal cues
may include display more overt signs of liking and friendliness
than men. The power or control dimension of relationship
meaning consists of nonverbal cues that display the degree that
we act in control of, equal to, or deferential to others. Men tend
to incorporate more behaviors that signal dominance and control
in conversations through cues such as greater vocal volume,
more non-affiliate touch, and use of greater amounts of personal
space.
Differences exist between women and men’s skill for
interpreting nonverbal behavior. Generally, females are better
able to decode nonverbal behaviors and more accurately
perceive others’ emotions. There are cultural values associated
with nonverbal communication. Western society has a bias
towards favoring masculine qualities, which is indicated
through preferences for masculine nonverbal behaviors. Cultural
beliefs are changeable. They may be altered as we recognize
differences in a nonjudgmental manner and resist restrictive
nonverbal gender prescriptions.
Nonverbal codes
are distinct, organized means of expression that consists of

4. symbols and rules for their use. The five nonverbal codes
include: kinesics, paralinguistics, proxemics, haptics, and
appearance and artifacts.
1- Kinesics
is nonverbal communication sent by the body, including facial
expression, gestures, posture, body movement, and eye
behavior. The body movements consist of four types of
nonverbal gestures: illustrators, emblems, adaptors, and
regulators
.
Illustrators
are signals that
accompany
speech to clarify/emphasize the message.
Emblems
are gestures that stand for a specific verbal meaning.
Adaptors
are gestures used to manage emotion (often unconscious).
Regulators
are used to control conversation.
Facial
expressions also communicate messages, mostly emotion (think
the old saying the “eyes are the window into the soul”).
2- Paralinguistics
are the vocal (oral) aspects of nonverbal communication and
include voice pitch, rate, volume, inflection, pitch, stress, and
pauses. Male and female physiology doesn’t fully explain
differences in pitch. Men tend to use lower pitch, higher
volume, and less inflection to gain and hold attention. Women
tend to use softer pitch, lower volume and more inflection to
appear polite and caring. One study found that stereotypical
perceptions of men and women were related to their vocal
qualities.

5. 3- Proxemics
is the study of how space can serve as a function of
communication. The distance between speaker and receiver
symbolizes physical or psychological closeness. There is an
acceptable amount of space or distance that people are
comfortable with based on their level of intimacy, gender,
culture and relationship (see “Close Talker” video). Proxemics
or personal space and its use, reflect gendered patterns that
reflect society’s values. Space is a primary way that culture
indicates privilege and power. Territoriality is personal space
that we protect from “invasion” by others. Men are more likely
than women to refuse to step back if another steps too close for
comfort.
4- Haptics
or touch is another aspect of nonverbal communication that is
influenced by gender, culture, and level of intimacy. Sons are
less likely to be touched and handled than daughters. When
touched, sons also are likely to be treated more roughly than
daughters. Early childhood relating to touch may account for
later differences between men and women. Females are more
likely to initiate touches to express support, affection and
comfort. Because they are generally larger and stronger than
women, men tend to have higher levels of physical confidence
and are more willing to use physical force.
5- Artifacts
and appearance are personal objects that affect our identity,
how we view ourselves, communicate something about
ourselves, and develop expectations (especially gendered
expectations). Toys demonstrate appropriate behaviors and
activities for boys and girls. Clothing another type of artifact,
defines women and men differently. A third type of artifact,
advertising, reinforces images of women as homemakers or sex-
symbols and men as associated with heavy work, sports and

6. outdoor activities. Women are encouraged to be “attractive”
through purchase of cosmetics and hair products. Some people
use artifacts to challenge cultural prescriptions of masculinity
and femininity.
Understanding nonverbal communication requires an effort to
understand respect and appreciate others’ nonverbal
communication on their own terms. By recognizing and
attempting to understand others’ patterns of nonverbal
behaviors, we may increase appreciation for individual
differences and less rigidly restrict expectations for nonverbal
behaviors. This may also provide a greater range of
communicative options.