2. Semantics of the Present Perfect “ The continuing present relevance of a past situation.” (Comrie, 1976) “ past” “ present” “ The current relevance” The Present Perfect: The Simple Past: [+ anterior], [+ anterior], [+ current relevance] [- current relevance]
3. 1) Perfect of result A present state is referred to as being the result of the past situation . She has broken her leg. Breaking a leg yields a resultant state where the leg is broken.
4. 2) Experiential perfect Bill has gone to America. Bill has been to America. Bill is now in America / he is on his way there. The past situation in which at least one occasion Bill went to America.
5. 3) Perfect of persistent situation To describe a situation that started in the past but persists into the present. I have lived in Bangkok for seven years.
6. 4) Perfect of recent past I have recently learned that the final examination is to be postponed. Recently, already, at present, up till now, so far, just, lately The current relevance of the past situation referred to is very recent.
7. 4) Perfect of recent past (continue) a) *I have arrived yesterday . b) I arrived yesterday. Specific time adverbials are incompatible with the semantics of the present perfect The general constraint does not hold with combining the present perfect with specific time.
![Semantics of the Present Perfect “ The continuing present relevance of a past situation.” (Comrie, 1976) “ past” “ present” “ The current relevance” The Present Perfect: The Simple Past: [+ anterior], [+ anterior], [+ current relevance] [- current relevance]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)