1. BASIC OF RESEARCH
Dr. Gurumeet C Wadhawa
Department of Chemistry
Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil ,College
Vashi, Navi Mumbai
2. Academics – Profession
Questions—Problems
Answers-Solutions
Will it be done soon? Can it be done at less? Can it
Be made safer?
Innovation—Creativity : Thought processes
Efforts-Success-Growth
Success –Reverses
Judgment-Justice
Through---- ----- ---------- ------------
How Science works?
What is its worldview?
How Scientists work?
7. Aesop's Fables : 620 and 560
BCE
History matters:
Postulate,
Hypothesis
Experiment
To know what to change
To know what to change to
How to effect the change
8. INVENTION!
Invention can be thought of as a new manmade
device or process.
An example of invention is the internal combustion
engine invented in the 1800’s.
The internal combustion
engine is used in cars, trains,
trucks, lawnmowers, boats
and many other applications.
9. Matter matters: ~BCE 600
Thales of Miletus: Greek
Explain Nature without reference to
MYTHOLOGY
Basic element of Matter: Water
Studied in Egypt → Pythagoras
Diameter bisects Circle
Kanada: Gujarath
Nibbling food: ‘anu’
Basic element of Matter water, fire, earth, ai
Vegetable → water, Insects →. water + fire
Birds: water + fire +air
‘gurutva’: Objects fall towards earth
10. INNOVATION
*An innovation can
be define as simply
a better way of
doing things or an
improvement to an
existing product or
invention.
Smithsonian
11. 1st Cell Phone
March 6, 1983
Razr 2006
Alexander
Graham Bell’s
Phone
1876
Old Phone
Telephone
13. DISCOVERY
Discovery is the primary process used in science to
uncover new knowledge.
Thomas Edison invented over 1000 patents, but only
made one scientific discovery. This discovery was called
the “Edison Effect”.
14. CREATIVITY
The ability to see a
problem in several
dimensions.
The ability to truly
understand the
problem at hand.
15. PATENTS
Provide inventors with exclusive rights to manufacture a device for a
period of time that has been fixed. (Currently 17 yrs.)
Assigned to individuals, not corporations.
16. TRADEMARKS
Trademarks give an individual or corporation a
right to identify a product with a graphic symbol
that customers can readily recognize for the
quality and service they have earned.
Generally, a trademark has no time limit.
19. INVENTORS
Thomas Edison
Benjamin Franklin
Elijah McCoy
Eli Whitney
Alexander Graham Bell
Henry Ford
20. WHAT IS RESEARCH?
research. 1.a. the systematic investigation into and
study of materials, sources, etc, in order to establish
facts and reach new conclusions. b. an endeavour to
discover new or collate old facts etc by the scientific
study of a subject or by a course of critical
investigation. [Oxford Concise Dictionary]
20
21. Basic Research
It investigates fundamental questions about behavior without
particular reason to study except to acquire a better knowledge of
how these processes occur.
Applied Research
It provides underlying principles that can be used to solve
Specific problems.
It gives ideas for the kind of topics that basic research can study.
e.g. memory for pictures, nerve impulse.
It investigates issues that have implications for everyday life and
provide solutions to everyday problems.
e.g. what types of psychotherapy are most effective in
reducing depression.
23. PLANNING
Statement of the problem
Literature review
Choice of research method
Design of study
Data collection
Analysis of data
Write-up
23
24. CHOOSE A TOPIC
Pick a topic that:
Will be interesting.
You will be able to complete in the required time.
( See handout for timeline.)
25. TITLE
Choose a title that reflects your topic and is in the
form a question
Example: How does caffeine affect the growth of a
plant?
26. PURPOSE
Write 1 to 3 sentences describing what you want to
find out in this project.
Example: The purpose of this project is to find out if a
pea plant will grow taller when given caffeine rather
than water.
27. RESEARCH
Develop 3 questions that you want to answer about your topic.
Try to use various sources for your research.
Suggested sources:
Books
Magazines
Newspapers
Internet
Research should be designed to get background information
about your topic, before you begin your experiment.
28. HYPOTHESIS
Make your guess
Use your research to make an educated
guess about how you think your experiment
will turn out.
29. PROCEDURE
Design your experiment
Design your experiment so that they only test for one thing.
Make sure that you do the same things to all groups of objects
being tested.
Example: If you are testing plants:
Use the same seeds.
Plant all of them with the same soil.
Put them all in the same amount of light for the same amount of
time.
The only thing that should be different about the plants is that one
received coffee and the other water.
30. PROCEDURE
To increase the validity of your experiment
Make sure to keep a control group.
Keep in mind sample size.
The more objects in your sample the more
valid your experiment.
Use multiple trials. (At least three.)
31. PROCEDURE
Write down step-by-step directions on how to do
your experiment.
Do not leave anything out!
Example
32. MATERIALS
Make a complete list of everything you will use in
your experiment.
Tell how many and how much of each object used.
Use metric measures only.
34. MAKE CHARTS AND GRAPHS
Display data using charts, tables, and graphs.
Use the Graph Club or Inspiration program.
Choose the correct graphs for your data.
Bar-comparison
Pie-percentage
Line-change/time
35. CONCLUSION
Write down why you think your experiment turned out the way it did,
include if your hypothesis was supported or not.
Be sure to use the term “ My hypothesis was/was not supported.
Do not say I was right/wrong.
Even when your hypothesis was not supported you gain
information about your topic.
Use scientific reasoning for conclusion.
37. FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS
Tell what variable you would change if you could do
the experiment again.
Tell how you might take your experiment to the next
step.
38. MAKE YOUR BOARD
Start your information on the top left panel of the
board, move down the left panel, across the middle
panel, and from the top down on the right panel.
Place pictures of your experiment on your board.
40. Special Theory of Relativity
- Proposed in 1905 by Albert Einstein, one of the greatest
thinkers in history.
- This equation formed the basics of modern physics.
- This equation says Energy is = to Mass * the Speed of
Light squared.
41. DNA Profiling
- The first use of DNA
in a court case was
back in 1986.
- Alec Jeffrys a
geneticist from England
discovered the
technique in 1984.
- Today DNA is used
extensively in criminal
cases.
42. Discovery of Penicillin
- Alexander Fleming
discovered Penicillin
in September 1928.
- Howard Flory and
Ernst Chain were
able to make his
discovery usable in
1940.
- Penicillin helped fight
infections and saved
millions of lives and
prevented millions of
amputations since its
discovery.
43. The Personal Computer
- The first personal
computer named
the Programma 101
was launched in
1964.
- The SCAMP IBM
computer was the
beginning of the
modern personal
computer.
- Today, everyone
owns a device that
has its roots in the
personal computer.
from tablets to cell
phones.
44. 1) Science Fair Center -
www.sciencefaircenter.com/science_fair_planning.tpl?cart=11249928173913392#1
2) Science Fair Center for nonscientist parents –
www.sciencefaircenter.com/science_fair_basics.tpl?cart=11249928173913392
3) What Makes a Good Science Fair Project?
www.usc.edu/CSSF/Resources/Good_Project.html
4) Discovery School .com – http://.school.discovery.com/sciencefaircentral/
5) Elementary Projects (Grades 4 - 6) - http://www.cdli.ca/sciencefairs/elem.html
6) Science Projects 13.01 -
http://members.ozemail.com.au/%7Emacinnis/scifun/projects.htm#N42
7) IPL – Science Fair Resource Guide - www.ipl.org/youth/projectguide/
8) Successful Science Fair Projects - http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/fair.html
9) Science Fair Prep - www.cyberbee.com/science/prep.html
10) Steps To Prepare A Science Fair Project(Cyber Fair) -
www.isd77.k12.mn.us/resources/cf/steps.html
11) Science Fair Ideas – USGS – www.earthquake.usgs.gov/4kids/sciencefair.html
12) Yahoo – Ask Earl - http://yahooligans.yahoo.com/content/ask_earl/20020123.html
13) Agricultural Ideas for Science Fair Projects -
http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/kids/fair/ideasframe.htm
14) Lycos Search -
http://search.lycos.com/?src=sf&loc=sem&query=science+fair+project+ideas&nlubid=1
15) Science Fair Resource Center - http://www.hallbar.com/sciencecenter.html
16) Science Fair Links - http://www.rcs.k12.va.us/csjh/sciencefair.htm
HELPFUL WEBSITES: THESE WILL BE PUT ON THE
SCHOOL’S WEBSITE!
