What is Research? Why is research important? KInds of Research

1. Introduction to Research

2. Why is research important?
- Research is needed in the formulation of the coronavirus vaccine.
- Research is widely used in all walks of life to discover new facts,
distinguish truth from lies, and many more!

3. Why is research important? (cont.)
Activity 1 – Matching type
Figure out the correct position of the following discoveries in the
timeline
Pre-historic era
Ancient Era
Classical Era
Medieval Era
Renaissance Era
Industrial Era
Modern Era
Future

4. Pre-historic era Ancient Era Classical Era Medieval Era Renaissance Era Industrial Era Modern Era Future
10,000 BC
3000 BC 800 BC 800 AD 1400 AD 1600 AD 1800 AD 2000 AD
Agriculture Flight Mathematics (Algebra, Geometry) Smelting
Animal Husbandry Gunpowder Mathematics (Calculus) Space Ships
Antibiotics Heliocentric
Model
Nuclear Fission Steam Engines
Hunting and
Foraging
Imaginary
Numbers
Optics Stealth
Computers Internal
Combustion
Plastics Telegraphy
Currency Iron Working Quantum Mechanics Vaccination
Discovered Fire Internet Refrigeration Cameras
Electricity Lasers Robotics Dynamite

5. The advancement of humankind is all thanks to the efforts of the
scientist’s discoveries based on scientific research.

6. What is research?
Research is a scientific process that involves investigation, careful
gathering of data, and correct interpretation in order to nullify,
complement, or add to existing knowledge.

7. What is Research (cont.)
Review of the scientific method:
Formulate
Problem
Gather
Observations
Formulate
Hypothesis
Test Hypothesis
(Experimentation)
Analyze
Results
Make
Conclusions

8. Other Definitions of Research:
Systematic, controlled, empirical, and critical investigation of
hypothetical propositions about the presumed relations among natural
phenomena.

9. Other Definitions of Research (cont.)
Creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of
knowledge, including knowledge of humans, culture and society, and
the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications.

10. Other Definitions of Research (cont.)
Careful, critical, disciplined inquiry, varying in technique and method
according to the nature and conditions of the problems identified,
directed toward the clarification or resolution (or both) of a problem

11. *Similarities of the definitions of research
• Research is a formal, scientific procedure
• Research uses old knowledge as basis
• Research is meant to increase the knowledge and understanding (or
correct misconceptions) on a specific field.

12. Importance of Research
• To discover new facts about a known phenomenon
• To find answers to problems which are partially solved (or unsolved)
by existing methods
• Improve existing techniques and develop new instruments of
products

13. Importance of Research (cont.)
• To discover previously unrecognized substances
• Discover pathways of action to known substances
• To order related, valid generalization into systematized science
• To provide basis for decision making

14. Importance of Research (cont.)
• To satisfy a researcher’s curiosity
• To find answers to queries by means of scientific methods
• To acquire a better understanding
• To expand or verify existing knowledge

15. Types of Research
Types of Research according to Goal:
• Basic (or Pure) Research – formulation or development of new
_____________________theories
• Applied Research – Testing of known theories and principles

16. Types of Research (cont.)
Types of Research according to level of investigation:
• Descriptive Research – relationship of variables
• Experimental research – effects of variables on each other

17. Activity
Determine the purpose of research that may be applicable in the given
scenarios. Explain briefly (not more than 5 sentences) why you say so.
1. A farmer is experiencing a poor harvest. His concerned neighbours
suggest that he use compost to improve the yield of his crops. The
farmer heeds their advice but prudently uses a small plot of land at first
to check whether their suggestions are correct.

18. Activity (cont.)
2. The IATF prohibits backriding (angkas) on motorcycles except if there
is a safety barrier installed. This rule however is unwelcome to the
riding public due to claims that it might cause accidents rather than
serve as protection. The Philippine Society of Mechanical Engineers
conducted a study regarding this matter and warns the government
that the safety barriers interfere with the harmonious aerodynamics of
a motorcycle and might indeed cause accidents.

19. Activity (cont.)
3. Grades of the students of the STE program of General Santos City
High School are declining recently. Many of the teachers suspect that it
is caused by the student’s increased usage of cellular devices,
specifically playing of “Mobile Legends:Bang Bang” that interferes with
their proper sleep and rest periods. In order to test this speculation,
the STE Teachers recommended the parents to strictly monitor their
children when it is time to sleep to ensure that they are resting.
Noticeable improvements were seen in the next grading period.

20. Activity (cont.)
4. The effects of global warming have become very deadly in the recent
years. Because of this, scientists all over the world are racing to find a
new energy source that is clean (doesn’t produce greenhouse gas and
harmful wastes as by-product), safe, and is renewable. Hopefully, the
answer will be found sooner rather than later as climate change will
only worsen with the passage of time.

21. Activity (cont.)
5. One of the many still unanswered science questions is “How did life
begin on earth?”. The generally accepted theory on how the earth was
formed is a very fiery and gruesome process that would make life on
early planet earth very difficult. This leads us to the question, How did
life begin on earth? Current scientific data suggests that the earliest life
forms were the most primitive single celled organisms. But then again,
what are the origins of those cells? A lot of attempts were made to
answer this question and made significant progress but, there is still no
answer that could fully satisfy the scrutiny of the scientific community.

22. Summary
• Research is a scientific process that involves investigation, careful
gathering of data, and correct interpretation in order to nullify,
complement, or add to existing knowledge.
• Research is important to advance human understanding, improve
standards of living, etc.

23. Online Quiz
Directions: Answer the following using MS word. Send your answers to
my email.
• Briefly define “Research” in your own words.
• In your opinion, why do we need to conduct research?
• Enumerate the types of research according to the level of
investigation.

24. Sources
• Research Methods: Principles and Applications (Adanza, 2002) pp. 1-2
• Methods of Research and Thesis Writing (Calderon et.al, 2016) pp. 1-
13
(Other Sources)
• Google Search
• Wikipedia
• Youtube