Chinese OPIUM War

1. The Opium Wars
Dispute between Great Britain and China
By – VIVEK YADAV 韦可
Student Number: 2018071067
Course: Introduction to China
Major: Horticulture (Vegetable Science)

2. Bombardment of Canton

3. Introduction
The Opium Wars were two wars in the mid-19th century involving China
and the British Empire over the British trade of opium and China's
sovereignty.
The clashes included the First Opium War (1839–1842) and the
Second Opium War (1856–1860).
 The wars and events between them weakened the Qing dynasty and
forced China to trade with the other parts of the world

4. Understating of War
Status of opium in China
• It was used as a medicine.
• Opium then mixed with tobacco
so it could be smoked
• Dutch were first to begin trade of
opium
• Chinese government banned
smoking and trade of opium in
1729 due to health and social
issues
Needs of British
• Payment for :
• Tea
• Silk
Pressure to generate more income
Earning money was ultimate
objective
Monopoly in business

5. Opium Addicts (4-12 million)

6. First Opium War (1839-42)
• The First Opium War, fought over
• Opium trade,
• Financial reparations, and
• Diplomatic status

7. Treaty of Nanking (Nanjing) in 1842
Began in 1839 and was concluded by the Treaty of Nanking (Nanjing)
in 1842.
The treaty ceded the Hong Kong island to the United Kingdom in
perpetuity, and it established five treaty ports at
Shanghai,
Canton,
Ningpo (Ningbo),
Foochow (Fuzhou), and
Amoy.
Another treaty the next year gave most favored nation status to the
United Kingdom and added provisions for British extraterritoriality.
Then France secured concessions on the same terms as the British, in
treaties of 1843 and 1844

8. The Signing of the Treaty of Nanjing

9. Second Opium War (1856-60)
• Fought towards
• legalization of the opium trade,
• to expand trade in coolies (cheap laborers),
• to open all of China to British merchants, and
• to exempt foreign imports from internal transit duties.
• France joined the British.
• The war is also known as the "Arrow War", referring to the name of a
vessel at the starting point of the conflict.
• The war resulted in the second group of treaty ports being set up;
eventually, more than 80 treaty ports were established in China, involving
many foreign powers.
• All foreign traders gained rights to travel within China

10. Chinese militia in the Second Opium War

11. Treaty of Tientsin(Treaty of Tientsin was created in July 1858)
• 1860 ratified the treaty at the Convention of Peking Britain, France, Russia and
the United States would have the right to station delegations in Beijing.
• Ten more Chinese ports would be opened for foreign trade.
• The right of foreign vessels including warships to navigate freely on the Yangtze
River
• The right of foreigners to travel in the internal regions of China.
• The Chinese are to be banned from referring to Westerners by the character "yi"
(barbarian).
• Legalized the import of Opium
• China was to pay an indemnity to Britain and France in 2 million taels of silver.

12. Second war at Guangzhou