GEO THERMAL POWER PLANT

1. € NAME- RAHUL SINHA.
€ CLASS- B.Tech(ME-147)
€ SECTION-M4901.
€ ROLL. NO.- B38.
€ SUBJECT- GENERAL PRESENTATION.
€ SUBMITTED TO- Mr. VISHANT.
€ TOPIC ²GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

3. € What is geothermal energy?
€ Geothermal energy- energy that comes
from the ground; power extracted from
heat stored in the earth
¾ Geo: earth
¾ Thermal: heat

4. Direct
€ Small scale uses
€ Heating homes
€ Hot springs
€ Greenhouse heating
€ Food dehydration
plants
€ Agriculture
¾ Crop drying
¾ Milk pasteurization
Electrical
€ Dry steam
€ Flash steam
€ Binary cycle

5. € Earth·s core heat
€ Water ń steam ń drive electrical
generators
€ Turbines
€ Area specific
¾ Geothermal energy is localized

6. € Each uses the heat from underground in
some manner to generate energy
€ Different combinations of water
temperatures create different effects
€ How Geothermal Energy Works

7. € Used for bathing in Paleolithic
times
€ Ancient Romans used it as a
central heating system for
bathing and heating homes and
floors
€ 1892: America·s first district
heating system was put into
place

11. Example of a Power Plant in Larderello Today

12. € 1926: a deep geothermal well was used
to heat greenhouses.

13. € 1960: Pacific Gas and Electric
has first successful geothermal
electric power plant in US at The
Geysers
¾ Turbine lasted more than 30 years

15. € To get the steam and water out of the earth, a hole is drilled using a
drilling rig. We call this hole a well and it is about 27cm wide and
can go down over 2.5km into the earth. It is very expensive to drill a
well and it can cost up to $8 million dollars.
€ When the well is being drilled, a special drilling mud is used to stop
the well collapsing. A metal pipe is then put in to stop it collapsing
when the well is in use. Inside this pipe is another pipe called the
liner. The steam and water travel up this liner.
€ At the top of this well is a master valve used to control the flow and
then a pipeline carries the water and the steam to the power
station.
€ At the Mighty River Kawerau Power Station there is about 8km of
pipeline. The pipe has to be thick and welded together so it can
stand the pressure from the hot steam and water. Bolted on to the
pipelines are valves. These are like very big versions of taps we have
at home. They are used to turn off the steam and water or to slow it
down. The pipelines are also covered with insulation to stop the
heat escaping and also to stop peoplefrom burning themselves.
The pipes heat up to about 180oC.

16. € Water is not used so it has to be separated from the steam.
€ This is done by the separator which sends the water to a re-injection
well that puts the water back deep into the ground
€ This means the water can be reheated and used again. The steam
is sent to the power station. The steam is sent to the turbine and as it
passes through the turbine blades, it makes the turbine spin. The
turbine causes the generator to spin and this is what produces the
electricity.
€ What happens to the steam? Once it comes out of the turbine, it
goes to the condenser. The condenser·s job is to turn the steam
back into water so it can be re-injected back into the ground.
Because the condenser needs to cool the steam to turn it back to
water, water is used for cooling. The condensed water is then sent to
the cooling tower to cool even more. The water needed for cooling
is then used again - recycled ²and the rest is put back into the
ground.

18. It is renewable
It doesn·t cause pollution
Owners of buildings using geothermal have cut 25 to 50 percent off their
utility bills.
No cooling towers, rooftop units, or individual room air conditioning units
are needed, so buildings and schools using geothermal systems look
better.
There·s no fire hazard and no outside equipment that could potentially
hurt kids
Geothermal systems are quieter, more reliable, more efficient, and more
compact compared to regular heating and cooling systems.
Daniel Boone high school saved $33,000 by using geothermal energy.
Geothermal energy costs dropped from $.10 - .16 per kilowatt hour to
$.5 - .8 per kilowatt hour.
The earth under our feet stays the same temperature year round,
whether it·s blazing hot in summer or freezing cold in winter. In summer
the earth is cooler than the air, and in winter it·s warmer. Geothermal
heat pumps cleverly put that fact to good use. They use the earth to
warm buildings in the winter and keep them cool in the summer. They
work so well TVA helps Valley businesses and school systems install them
in their buildings.

19. ‡ 100% renewable
x Earth·s core is always going to be heated
x As long as there is a way to extract the energy
from the heat, the energy will always be
available

20. € Geothermal energy does not
produce any pollution, and
does not contribute to the
greenhouse effect.
€ The power stations do not take up much room, so
there is not much impact on the environment.
€ No fuel is needed.
€ Once you've built a geothermal power station, the
energy is almost free.
It may need a little energy to run a pump, but this can
be taken from the energy being generated.

21. € The big problem is that there are not many places
where you can build a geothermal power station.
You need hot rocks of a suitable type, at a depth
where we can drill down to them.
The type of rock above is also important, it must be of
a type that we can easily drill through.
€ Sometimes a geothermal site may "run out of steam",
perhaps for decades.
€ Hazardous gases and minerals may come up from
underground, and can be difficult to safely dispose of.

22. € Remarkable
difference of
environmental
effects compared to
fossil fuels
¾ Leaves almost no
footprints
€ Most hardware used
to extract
geothermal energy is
underground
¾ Minimal use of
surface
(http://www.geothermal.nau.edu/about/e
nviroment.shtmlNorthern Arizona
University. 2009 Oct 27)

23. € Easy to operate
€ Open up economy
€ Much more efficient
use of land
Power Source Land Requirement
(ac/mW)
Geothermal 1-8
Nuclear 5-10
Coal 19

24. € Fluids drawn from the
deep earth carry a
mixture of gases
€ Pollutants contribute to
global warming and
acid rain
€ Construction of Plants
can adversely affect
land stability
€ Sources may hold trace
amounts of toxic
chemicals/mineral
deposits
€ Loud Noises
€ Initial start up cost
(expensive)
Operation Noise Level (dBa)
Air drilling 85²120
Mud drilling 80
Discharging wells after drilling (to
remove drilling debris)
Up to 120
Well testing 70²110
Diesel engines (to operate
compressors and provide electricity)
45²55
Heavy machinery (e.g., for earth
moving during construction)
Up to 90

25. € Not everyone agrees that geothermal energy
is a solution to our energy crisis
€ Too costly
€ Noise
€ Use of fresh water
€ Land surveying
€ The technology is not quite there
€ Some people just believe that our fossil fuels
will ´neverµ run out
¾ Don·t believe that fossil fuels are finite

26. € Overall, geothermal appears to be a
sound solution to energy needs
€ Geothermal energy has the ability to
expand
€ Few environmental effects
€ Very cost efficient
€ Geothermal is RENEWABLE

27. € ASK.COM
€ GEOTHERMAL EDUCATION SOCIETY.
€ GOOGLE.COM
€ WIKEPEDIA.ORG
€ WWW.GEOHEAT.OIT.EDU
€ http://www.darvill.clara.net/altenerg/fossil.htm
€ http://www.umich.edu/~gs265/society/fossilfuels.htm
€ www.worldenergy.org/wec-
geis/publications/reports/ser/geo/geo.asp
€ http://lsa.colorado.edu/summarystreet/texts/geothermal.htm