Lathe Machine Manual

1. LATHE MACHINE
G R O U P 1

2. LATHE MACHINE

3. LATHE MACHINE
• Is a machine tool that rotates the workpiece
on its axis to perform various operations such
as cutting, sanding, knurling, drilling,
or deformation, facing,turning, with tools that
are applied to the workpiece to create an
object with symmetry about an axis of
rotation.

4. • Are used
in woodturning, metalworking, metal
spinning, thermal spraying, parts reclamation,
and glass-working. Lathes can be used to
shape pottery, the best-known design being
the potter's wheel. Most suitably equipped
metalworking lathes can also be used to
produce most solids of revolution, plane
surfaces and screw threads or helices.
LATHE MACHINE

5. TYPES OF A
LATHE MACHINE

6. • Most frequently used lathe
• Heavy duty
• power drive for most tool movements
• Size range 12”x24” to 24”x48” - can be larger
CENTER LATHE

7. • A bench top model usually of low power
• used to make precision machine small work pieces
BENCH LATHE

8. • Look like engine lathe
• Greater accuracy
• More versatility
• Wider range of speeds and feeds
TOOL ROOM LATHE

9. Turret Head
• - Capable of performing multiple cutting operations on
the same workpiece (Turning, Boring, Drilling, Thread
cutting, Facing)
• - Turret lathes are very versatile
TURRET LATHE

10. • It is production lathe
• Used for light duty work
pieces
• Small in size as
compared to turret lathe
• It also have turret that
replaces tailstock
• Multiple tools set to
machine part
• Still may require some
operator skill
Turret Head
CAPSTAN LATHE

11. • Hydraulic attachment used to copy the shape of a part from a
master.
• lathe that has the ability to follow a template to copy a
shape or contour.
• Machine tools with attachments
• Capable of turning parts with various contours
• A tracer finger follows the template and guides the cutting
tool
Tracer piece
TRACER/COPY LATHE

12. An automatic lathe is a
lathe (usually a
metalworking lathe)
whose actions are
controlled automatically.
Although all electronically
controlled (CNC) lathes
are automatic, they are
usually not called by that
name, as explained under
"General nomenclature".
The first kinds of
automatic lathes were
mechanically automated
AUTOMATIC LATHE

13. • Computer controlled
• Wide variety of process
capability
• multiple axis
• Indexing and contouring
head
• On- line and off- line
programming available
• Computer Numerical
Controls (CNC)
• Equipped with one or
more turrets
• Each turret is equipped
with a variety of tools
• Performs several
operations on different
surfaces of the work
piece
NC controller
Machine Unit
CNC LATHE

14. Cross
Slide
APRON
Half Nut
Lever
Friction-
clutch
Control
Lead
Screw
Bed
TAILSTOCK
Carriage
Hand
Wheel
Tailstock
Spindle
Clamp
Feed
Change
Lever
Tool Post
Compound
Rest
Saddle
BED
WAYS
Motor
Drive
Gear
Box
Feed
Reverse
Lever
HEADSTOCK
Spindle
Nose
PARTS OF A LATHE MACHINE

15. 15
LATHE BED
• Heavy, rugged casting
• Made to support working parts of lathe
• On top section are machined ways
– Guide and align major parts of lathe

16. 16
LATHE BED

17. 17
HEADSTOCK
• Clamped on left-hand end of bed
• Headstock spindle
–Hollow cylindrical shaft supported by
bearings
• Provides drive through gears to work-holding
devices
–Live center, faceplate, or chuck fitted to
spindle nose to hold and drive work
• Driven by stepped pulley or transmission
gears
• Feed reverse lever
–Reverses rotation of feed rod and lead screw

18. 18
HEADSTOCK

19. 19
QUICK-CHANGE GEARBOX
• Contains number of different-size gears
• Provides feed rod and lead-screw with
various speeds for turning and thread-
cutting operations
–Feed rod advances carriage when
automatic feed lever engaged
–Lead screw advances the carriage for
thread-cutting operations when split-nut
lever engaged

20. 20
QUICK-CHANGE GEARBOX
Top View

21. 21
CARRIAGE
• Used to move cutting tool along lathe
bed
• Consists of three main parts
–Saddle
• H-shaped casting mounted on top of lathe
ways, provides means of mounting cross-slide
and apron
–Cross-slide
–Apron

22. 22
CARRIAGE

23. 23
CARRIAGE

24. 24
CROSS-SLIDE
• Mounted on top of saddle
• Provides manual or automatic cross
movement for cutting tool
• Compound rest (fitted on top of cross-slide)
– Used to support cutting tool
– Swiveled to any angle for taper-turning
– Has graduated collar that ensure accurate
cutting-tool settings (.001 in.) (also cross-slide)

25. 25
CROSS-SLIDE

26. 26
APRON
• Fastened to saddle
• Houses gears and mechanism required to
move carriage or cross-slide automatically
• Locking-off lever inside apron prevents
engaging split-nut lever and automatic feed
lever at same time
• Apron handwheel turned manually to move
carriage along lathe bed

27. 27
APRON

28. 28
AUTOMATIC FEED LEVER
• Engages clutch that provides automatic feed
to carriage
• Feed-change lever can be set for
longitudinal feed or for crossfeed
– In neutral position, permits split-nut lever to be
engaged for thread cutting
– Carriage moved automatically when split-nut
lever engaged

29. 29
TAILSTOCK
• Upper and lower tailstock castings
• Adjusted for taper or parallel turning by two
screws set in base
• Tailstock clamp locks tailstock in any position
along bed of lathe
• Tailstock spindle has internal taper to receive
dead center
– Provides support for right-hand end of work

30. 30
TAILSTOCK

31. LATHE OPERATIONS
Turning: produce straight, conical, curved, or grooved
work pieces
Facing: to produce a flat surface at the end of the part or
for making face grooves.
Boring: to enlarge a hole or cylindrical cavity made by a
previous process or to produce circular internal grooves.
Drilling: to produce a hole by fixing a drill in the tailstock
Threading: to produce external or internal threads
Knurling: to produce a regularly shaped roughness on
cylindrical surfaces

32. LATHE OPERATIONS
32

33. STANDARD OPERATING
PROCEDURE
1. Ensure the main power is turned off when doing
Total Preventive Maintenance.
2. Know where the emergency stop button is located
on your machine before operating.
3. Practice good house keeping, return tools to the
proper location after use.
4. Try to eliminate long, stringy chips when
machining as they can be easily caught up in the chuck
and cause personal injury, always exercise proper chip
control.
5. Know machine speeds and feeds, if you are unsure

34. 6. Make sure cutting tools are used properly and for their
intended application.
7. Do not try and fix the machine if there is a problem, ask your
supervisor to contact plant maintenance.
8. Ensure that auto stops are set before starting a job. Make sure
cutting tools are centered and securely fastened.
9. Ensure the lathe you operate and tooling is used with respect at
all times.
10. Never use compressed air to clean the lathe, as small particles
may become embedded into parts of the machine causing
damage, use a soft bristle brush.
11. Never leave a running (spindle turning) lathe unattended.
STANDARD OPERATING
PROCEDURE