The document discusses the evolution of early hominids from Australopithecus to Homo sapiens. It outlines that early hominid species like Australopithecus were capable of bipedalism and lived 3.6 million years ago. Later species like Homo habilis and Homo erectus began using stone tools and were more intelligent than earlier hominids. Homo erectus was the first to migrate out of Africa to Asia 1.8 million years ago. Finally, Homo sapiens evolved around 200,000 years ago and were classified as modern humans.

1. Tracing Back the Human
Biocultural and Social Evolution
Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics

2. Charles Darwin

3. Charles Darwin
•Darwin’s theory of evulotion and natural
selection declared that species survived through
a process called “Natural Selection,” where those
that successfully adapted, or evolved, to meet
the changing requirements of thier natural
habitat thrived, while those that failed to
evovled and reproduce died off.

4. The Biological and Cultural Evolution
•Ember (2002) explains that one of the most
controversial aspects of Darwin’s theory was
the suggestion that one species could, over
time, evolve into another.
•A species is a population that consists of
organisms’s able inter-breed and produce
fertile and viable offspring.

5. The Hominids
•It is one of the erliest members of the
primate family hominidae, containing
humans, their immediate ancestors, and
close extinct relatives.

6. Early Hominid Tools
Stone Tools

7. Early Hominid Tools
Wood Tools

8. Early Hominid Tools
Bone Tools

9. Early Hominid Lifestyle

10. Early Hominid Lifestyle

11. Early Hominid Lifestyle

12. Early Hominid Lifestyle

13. Early Hominid Lifestyle

14. 4 Physical Features of Hominids
• 1. Body Size – enormously body size
• 2. Relative Brain Size – larger primates usually have
larger brains. Fruit-eating primates tend to have
relatively larger brains than leaf-eating primates.
• 3. Tool Making – only human primates such as apes
use tools, although several species of monkey use
“weapon” like branches, stones, or fruit.
• 4. Language – Only humans have symbolic spoken
language. But early human primates use alarms and
sounds.

15. Australopithecus

16. Australopithecus

17. Australopithecus
•The First Definite Hominid
•Existed 3.6 million years ago
•Capable of climbing and moving trees
•Bipedalism – They have the ability to
walk on two legs

18. Homo Habilis

19. Homo
Habilis

20. Homo Habilis
•Came from Tanzania, Kenya, and South
Africa.
•Known to exist around 2 million years ago.
•Developed tools primarily for their use in
scavenging
•Considered to be the more intelligent and
organized than the hominids

21. Homo Erectus

22. Homo Erectus

23. Homo Erectus
•First found in Java, later in China, and still later in
Africa
•Meaning “erect ape man”
•Evolved after Homo habilis
•Existed 1.8 million years ago
•They moved from Africa to Asia

24. Characteristcs of Homo Erectus
• Their skull was generally long,
low, and thickly walled with a
flat forntal area and prominent
brow ridges.
• They had relatively small teeth.
• They are the first hominid to
have third molars.
• They had prominent, projecting
nose
• They are comparable to modern
humans’ size.

25. Hominidae
Family
Austalophitecus
Homo
Habilis
Homo
Erectus
Homo
Sapiens

29. Homo Sapiens

30. Homo Sapiens

31. Homo Sapiens
•Evolved from homo erectus
•500,000 – 200, 000 years ago
•They were also classified as Homo Sapiens
Neandertalensis or Homo Neandertalensis by
some anthropologist.
•Argued to be the evolved into Humans

32. A) True or False
B) Enumeration
1. What are the tools that early hominids used? Explain the
use of each tool.
2. Enumerate the Four (4) Physical Features of Hominids.
3. Identify the four (4) Hominidae Family. Describe each.
c) Essay
Explain the importance of understanding the biological
evolution of man. (10 points)
Explain the early lifestyle of the Hominids. (10 points)