This PowerPoint contains information about global water also gives information about sources of water and information about factors affecting water supply….

1. Recap: Introduction to
Water
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2. Answer the following questions:
 Where do we get our drinking water?
 Where is it stored?
 Where does the wastewater from all the
toilets go?
 Where does the water from the sinks
and bathrooms go?

3. Stakeholders Revision!
 What is a Stakeholder?
 It is anyone who is involved with your design:
 Client
 Your Instructors
 Competing project designers
 Anyone who helps build the project
 People who will use the project
 A stakeholder is anyone who has a ‘stake’ in
your project.
 They could be involved in the
design, construction, maintenance or use of
your project.

4. Stakeholder Analysis
 We need to make sure that our design meets the
needs of the stakeholders.
 How do we do this?
1) Identify who is involved in your project
2) Access how important their ‘stake’ is.
3) Communicate with them to find out their needs.
4) Ensure your design meets their needs.

5. Global Water

6. Where does the
water come from?
 70% of the earth’s surface is
occupied by water.
 However 97% of this water is
salty
 2% is fresh water locked in snow
and ice.
 Therefore only 1% of the earth’s
water is available for drinking.

8. Distribution of the World’s
Water
How much of the World’s water is fresh &
available?
Our main source of water is groundwater

12. Where does it come from?
 Surface water can
be obtained from
lakes, reservoirs and
rivers.
 Ground water can
be accessed through
wells
 Desalination:
Removing the salt

13. Groundwater
 Groundwater is located
beneath the ground in small
spaces between soil
particles or fractures of rock.
 When the soil is completed
submerged below a point –
at that level is the water
table
 When the space is quite big
it is called an aquifer.
 Groundwater can be
accessed through wells
 Groundwater is recharged
naturally.

14. Groundwater
 Groundwater can be accessed through
wells

15. Revision: Ground Water
Movement of
water through
the ground
/rocks
Storage of
groundwater
Saturated Zone

17. Fact
 We always have the same amount of
water on the plant and in our
atmosphere.
 Water is always recycled...
 Your next drink of water could have once
been drunk by a dinosaur...
For more information on water visit:
http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/watercycleatmosphere.html

18. The Water/Hydrological
Cycle
Rain
Lakes and Streams
Groundwater

19. Water Shortage
Case Study: Mumbai
Population over 20 Million
Primarily collect surface water
2009: City wide cutbacks when
levels in six nearby lakes and
reservoirs used for storage fell
low.

20. What affects water supply:
 Infrastructure
 Pollution
 Irrigation
 Dams
 Tourism and trade
 Wars
 Drought
 Anything else?

22. What affects water supply?
Infrastructure:
In Western cities with
century old pipes, more
than 10 % of water is
often lost to leakage.
In developing
nations, better ways of
delivering water seem to
be on the rise.
 Pipes and other methods now serve some 87% of
the planet’s population (1.6 billion more people than
in 1990)

23. Options for obtaining fresh
water
Some countries have an urban population that use
bottled water as their primary drinking source due to
water shortage.

24. Irrigation
 Irrigation for agriculture consumes 2/3 of
the world’s fresh water withdrawals.
 As the world’s population is
growing, more food is needed, therefore
more agricultural output.
 Therefore we will need more water or
use water more efficiently.

25. Discussion
 Water shortage
 Biggest problem facing the 21st century?
 Reuse, reduce, recycle
 Irrigation
 Rural issues

26.  PDF Copy of
Magazine.
 Available for
download from
internet (april 2010)

27. Local problems/ solution
 What does this mean for us?
 Task: Conduct water assessment of
Pabal.
 Just like yesterday, map out what you
see. Take lots of photos.
 Identify problems to do with water.
 Identify current practices that are
good and bad.
 Where could we solve a water problem
in Pabal?
 Can you think of any solutions?

28. Consider the Design Brief:
 Todesign a water system
that can be used to recycle
grey water.

29. Water terminology!
 White Water:
 Portable, fresh water than can be used for drinking
 Grey Water:
 Left over water from kitchen
sink, bathroom, showers, hand basins, washing
machine etc.
 Black Water:
 Sewage or Wastewater: Any water containing human
waste.