The Importance Of Traffic Laws

The Importance Of Traffic Laws
Laws are rules that bind all people living in a community. Laws protect our general safety and ensure our rights as citizens against abuse by other
people, organizations and by the government. Laws exist at the local, state and national level. There are laws that protect the rights of citizens such
as the Bill of Rights that protect our freedom of speech, religion and the press. There are laws that protect people from discrimination of race, gender
and age and disabilities. There are also rules and laws to ensure safety on the roads. Laws that protect citizens on the street are known as traffic laws.
Traffic laws have developed over time to help facilitate the orderly and timely flow of traffic safely. There are a number of reasons traffic laws are
necessary such as safety, to reduce the number of fatalities and injuries on the roads. According to the national safety council, an estimated 40,000
people died from motor vehicle crashes in 2016 a rise of 6% from 2015. The national safety council suggests that lower gas prices and increased
motor mileage coupled with risky activities while driving such as texting, playing with the radio and speeding are responsible for the rise in fatalities
and injuries. Most people recognize that driving and vehicles can be dangerous for everyone on the roads including passengers, pedestrians, cyclists;
it is imperative that all drivers abide the traffic laws. Many people become careless drivers and become desensitized to
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Communication Of Vehicles And Vehicle To Infrastructure...
INTRODUCTION:
The evolution of wireless technologies in modern days helps to utilize these kind of technology in many applications like vehicle safety application, a
wireless data communication between the vehicles and also between the vehicles and other infrastructure.
The objectives of vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to infrastructure communications are to avoid the vehicle crashes, to examine the technological issues
that may affect this short range communications, characterise the communication needs of particular vehicle security applications, to monitor the
vehicles that breaches the law etc. according to the reports in coming 30 years there will be a 60 percent increase in traffic on the freeways people
spending lot of time and cost for gasoline and other things due to the traffic jams. vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to other infrastructure can help in
avoiding this. my project focus on the communication of vehicles with each other and with traffic lights and other infrastructure understanding the
purpose of saving time by reducing the travelling time and also to avoid the vehicle crash.
DESIGN and APPLICATIONS:
An inbuilt chip is provide to each vehicle that updates itself every second. the chip contain a storage component that can store the information received
within certain time, sensor, GPS and computing element.
Every neighborhood have its own particular vehicular base station(VBS) so that at whatever point a vehicle approaches in a specific VBS, that

The Impact Of Internet On The Field Of Traffic Management
Abstraction
Internet of things is the interconnection of embedded computing elements which can be uniquely identified and can be accessed from anywhere on this
earth, anytime. The interconnection of these embedded devises is expected to bloom automation in almost all the fields. The future of internet aims at
connecting all the physical things from bicycles to cars to planes, all of these things taking active participation in the exchange of information – about
themselves and about their surroundings. Internet of things will give us access to all the information about a particular thing leading to different
innovative services and increase the efficiency and productivity of the people and products. This paper studies the Internet of Things, the architecture of
Internet of Things, the elements in Internet of Things and the related technologies, the applications, the current scenario and the future scope. Also, in
details regarding the application of Internet of Things in the field of traffic management is reviewed in detail.
Introduction:
Today, we have cloud– the digital universe of information freely available to us. The current estimate of the amount of information is 4000 Exabyte
in size . A good analogy is 4000 Exabyte is roughly equivalent to a stack of books from the earth to Pluto and back, 80 times. We only began to create
that less than 20 years ago. Devices like cell phones, iPads allow us to access this information from anywhere on this earth, anytime.
Internet

Motorcycle Safety In The United States
Studies have shown that motor vehicle and related crashes are the primary cause of death among Americans, especially those aged 1–34 years old.
Contributing to the death toll are alcohol, speed, and other various driver behaviors as well as the kinds of vehicles people drive, and the roads on
which they travel. In this context, traffic safety is a major public health issue for all motorized regions of the world [1]. More influentially, crashes
involving motorcycles are substantially more severe in terms of injury than those that do not. Statistics show that motorcycles comprise of only 3% of
registered vehicle in the US, while only accounting for less than 1% of all vehicle miles traveled [2]. Although the motorcycle presence is miniscule on
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Extensive studies have considered the role of public policies in reducing fatalities among passenger car occupants, but not amongst specific types of
vehicles, specifically, motorcycles. Also, it is worth a note that research on the impact of socioeconomic factors in road safety have received very
few to little emphasis within the US. For example, Tsai et al sought to fill these gap by looking at the effect of both socioeconomic factors and public
policy on highway safety in the US [6]. This study confirmed that it is important to consider the influence of socioeconomic and public policy factors
on highway safety. Additionally, research involving these factors in specific relation to motorcycle safety were found to be very limited. Most research
relevant to this topic focused only on helmet use which is only a miniscule portion of what this study intends to incorporate. However, one study did
attempt to model the effect of public policy on motorcycle safety, but limitations existed within the dataset and the study itself which was conducted on
a macro–level [7]. Therefore, this section will introduce the factors that were found to be significant in previous research, and will define a new series
of factors to study the relationship between these predictors and the dependent variable, crashes

Vision Zero
Vision Zero policies have proved effective in the United States. Minnesota, Utah and Washington State, traffic fatalities have fallen steadily since the
introduction of Vision Zero–style programs in the early 2000's; a 43% reduction in Minnesota, 48% reduction in Utah and a 40% decrease in
Washington. While traffic fatalities nationwide are falling, largely due to improvements in emergency/trauma care and vehicle enhancements such as
airbags, fatality rates in Vision Zero states fell over 25% faster than the nation since 1997.
This report investigates existing city Vision Zero policies and programs in other cities in the United States and abroad. This memo will examine the
academic research that evaluates these policies effectiveness saving lives, then identify ways in which the city can work towards eliminating road
fatalities and serious injuries. It is recommended that the city make safety the explicit goal or the primary outcome of the street transportation system.
In order to do so, the city should adopt as its guiding "vision" a commitment that no one should be killed or seriously injured on Philadelphia streets.
The city must also find new conduits of communication with the city's diverse communities about the goal of improved ... Show more content on
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This analysis draws largely on the work of Leah Shahum, a fellow with the German Marshall Fund, who spent several months these cities and others to
conduct firsthand research into their approaches.
First, a disclaimer: What the Swedes – and to a lesser extent the Germans – call Vision Zero, the Dutch call Sustainable Safety. While there are many
similarities to what can generally be termed a "safe systems approach" to transportation, there are more differences than I realized between their efforts.
The four main takeaways are as

The Technology of Red-Light Running Camera Enforcement
Although there is an enormous amount of controversy concerning the use of red–light–running cameras, the bottom line is with proper
implementation, this technology shows promise in reducing fatality rates and increasing public safety. Red–light–running camera enforcement is a
relatively new technology. The cameras where implemented for use in the United States in the 1990s. The technology is available to help reduce a
substantial problem that causes injuries and fatalities after a person enters a signalized intersection when displayed a red light in their traveled
direction. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) has defined the term "red
–light–running" in Issue Brief 6 as "the act of entering, and
proceeding through, a signalized intersection after the traffic signal has turned red." (Federal Highway Administration [FHWA], 2009 (6), p1) While
the FHWA is a proponent of this technology, controversy has been driven by claims from opponents who cite privacy issues, maintenance concerns, and
claims that the intervals for yellow/amber signals have been shortened for the sole purpose of generating funds for the states and municipalities that use
the technology. Looking back at the history of the traffic signals, authorities that control them and some recent studies may allow for a better
understanding of the cameras and their use today. With the introduction of the automobile, traffic safety quickly became a Red–Light–Running Cameras

Colonel John Stapp's Impact On Aviation
"For once you have tasted flight you will walk the earth with your eyes turned skywards, for there you have been and there you will long to return."
This quotes date back to the 15th century which informs us that aviation was thought off back to the middle ages. To this day, many aviators
contributed to aviation in many different aspects. Throughout the past century, aviation has progressed significantly. "airplanes were starting to fly
higher and faster thanks to new streamlined fuselages and powerful jet and rocket engines." (Teitel, 2015). Unfortunately, there was not any adequate
safety measures provided for pilots and passengers which were prone to dangerous crashes. It was not till Colonel John Stapp, a decorated Air Force
flight surgeon, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Meaning that emergency ejections and crashes proven to be dangerous than ever. Colonel John Stapp created high powered sled called the Sonic
Wind No. 1 that could deliver supersonic like speeds to orchestrate the situations that Chuck Yeager exhibited. At his first attempt, he managed to
reach a speed of 421 miles per hour which earned the title as the "Fastest Man on Earth." That was a success to him but now his primary concern is
protecting pilots during ejection. Stapp calculated the maximum stress that a pilot should withstand during a crash and then simulated the run. Stapp
feared that the rapid. deceleration may results blindness. Stapp's lung collapsed and his eyeballs were pulled out from his sockets along with bleeding
in the eye. Stapp was fortunate enough to have windscreen attached onto the sled for extra protection along with the helmet otherwise it may have
resulted in a much tragic injury. "During that event, Stapp broke the land speed record when he reached 632 mph, earning him the title fastest man on
Earth. He also set a new record for G–forces (46.2 Gs) a human has ever voluntarily withstood" (Kane

How Transport Engineering Improve Inter Urban Goods Movement
CV3311 Transportation & Highways
Coursework 2: Transport Engineering Technical Essay
How can transport engineering improve inter–urban goods movement?
Nashwa Hassanaly
Student number : 090038812
Content
Abstract3
Introduction4
I. Traffic planning strategies4
1.1 Inter urban travel4
1.2 Road freight4
1.3 Rail freight5
II. Transport planning5
2.1 Congestion5
2.1.1 entrance ramp controls on motorways6
2.1.2 traveller information systems7
2.1.3 Incident management8
2.2 Night deliveries8
2.3 Joint deliveries9
2.4 Driver training9
2.5 Create and Publish a Comprehensive Truck Routing Map.10
2.6 Implement Intelligent Truck Traffic Management10
2.7 Develop Intelligent Lane Utilization Programs.10

2.8 Truck Lanes on or Adjacent to Highways.10
2.9 Move Freight on Rapid Transit.11
2.10 Mutlinodal connectivity11
Conclusion12
Abstract
During the 1920s and 1930s, Britain saw a movement of its inner–city industries moving out to adjacent sites which lead to Britain's road network to be
redeveloped.
Britain's first motorway , the 13 km Preston bypass was opened in 1958, and following this the Goverment planned to improve 6750km of road to at
least dual carriageway standard to form strategic inter–urban network for England. This network was marked as a national commitment, which would
enhance road safety, be easily connected to all major centres of population, promote economic growth and regional development.

Traffic Camera Monitoring Systems: Safety vs Privicy Essay
In the past decade, American citizens have seen an increasingly common sight: the onslaught of electronic monitoring devices being placed at traffic
lights and intersections with the sole purpose of recording driver behavior to issue citations; all in the name of safety. The proliferation of these traffic
safety cameras, which has spread in unprecedented numbers to ever–smaller towns, is undoubtedly controversial, and has sparked much debate
between citizens, police departments, federal agencies, and civil rights groups. Besides the debate of whether or not the cameras, and the citations that
are issued to the registered vehicle owner based upon the recorded information, are constitutional, (or whether they simply constitute an Orwellian...
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According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, disregard for traffic signals is a large contributor to traffic deaths and injuries.
The 2007 Safety Facts report shows 2.4 million reported crashes at traffic intersections for that year, which resulted in approximately 8700 fatalities
and 770,000 injuries. Of these fatalities, 883 involved a crash in which a driver ran a red light, and an estimated 165,000 people are injured each year
by red light runners (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2007). According to The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, about half of
those killed in red–light running crashes are those drivers that run the light. However, the remaining casualties are innocent drivers or pedestrians
(Insurance Institute for Highway Safety). Public support for camera monitoring stems largely from fear of other drivers and the natural human fear of
uncontrollable events; and the statistics support these concerns. For example, Old Dominion University conducted a nationwide survey in which
one–third of the respondents indicated they personally knew someone who had either been killed or injured in a crash attributed to a driver running a
red light (Old

Smart Traffic Light Management System Essay
Smart Traffic Light Management System (STLMS)
Until 1912, human traffic policemen often used a complex whistle system to direct traffic. The system was confusing and ineffective. It was boring but
also dangerous. Thesedays, traffic lights are safer, more consistent, but are they smarter? [Scott Harrison, Shelby Grad, 2014]
Visibly, pre–programmed traffic lights are inflexible and do not adapt to the rapid changing traffic situation causing damage to the economy and to the
environment. During peak hours vehicles and pedestrians need equal chances to pass, while at off–peak times there's no need to stop. Compared to
classic traffic lights, smart traffic light takes into consideration the traffic situation and triggers the lights to react as needed in a timely manner. Simply
because all the traffic lights will be connected to each other through a communication platform. This will keep a fluent traffic in the entire city. While
some cities have already adopted some forms of intelligent Traffic management systems that enhance their over well–being, DC's roads get busier and
busier. Among the benefits from implementing a smart traffic management systems, reducing traffic jams and delays. Estimations indicates that the
waiting time for the lights to change green could be reduced by over 28% with the introduction of smart traffic lights and that CO2 emissions could be
cut by 6.5%. Another asset for using such a system, it can also reduce car accidents and overall drivers'

The Effect Of Traffic On Major Cities By Running A Few...
Traffic Lab
ITEC 201 In this lab we will examine the impact of traffic on major cities by running a few test simulations as well as examining data on the topic.
Please answer the following questions in detail.
1.What are some major challenges you feel cities face when dealing with and handling large amounts of traffic? What could be some potential solutions
that could minimize some traffic congestion?
When dealing with handling large amounts of traffic, cities may experience a higher incidence of accidents or speeding cars due to road rage. Cities
also deal with risking driver safety because some drivers may be tired from long hours at work and do not have enough energy to stay awake
throughout the hours of traffic on the road home every day. Traffic congestion not only affects car drivers, but it may also delay the trip of those
who get to places on the bus and in taxi cabs as well. On city roads, traffic congestion may lead to the death of many pedestrians by car accident
because drivers may become impatient and outrageously try to run red lights or not stop at the crosswalks. Also, the running engine in the high traffic
may lead to high rates of air pollution. Some potential solution are to build bridges or streets around the city that are made mainly for public
transportation services such as the city bus or taxi cab in order to reduce the number of frustrated drivers on one road. Also, cities may also arrange for
road construction to be done at times when the

Essay about The Rise of Distracted Driving in the United...
Introduction One of the biggest rites of passages in the United States at the age of 16 is obtaining a driver's license. The freedom to roam the open
road and explore the world around you in most cases is a joyous occasion. At 16, a young inexperienced driver is constantly conveyed that driving is a
privilege and one must use caution or that privilege will be taken away. However, over the past few years one of the growing problems in United States
not only affects young drivers but drivers of all ages. Distracted driving is a growing problem in the United States that affects not only people of all
ages but race, and gender as well. In 2011, 3,331 people were killed in crashes due to distracted driving (National Highway Traffic Safety... Show more
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Literature Review The Crashworthiness Data System is a random sample of collected data by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
of reported crashes (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration). The collection of data identifies how an accident took place, the age of the
person involved, variables of attentiveness, ethnicity, and gender. The data summarizes distracted driving into three main types visual, manual, and
cognitive (Distracted Driving, 2013). Visual distraction is when a driver takes his or her eyes off the road (Distracted Driving, 2013). Manual
distraction is defined as taking your hands off the wheel, while cognitive is taking your mind off the road (Distracted Driving, 2013). As previously,
stated, distracted driving is becoming an increased problem in the United States year after year. Risk factors One of the reasons why distracted
driving is so important is the ability to identify risk factors that are associated with it. According to the CDC high school students who participate in
distractions like texting while driving will be twice as likely to get in the car with a drunk driver and five times more likely themselves to drive drunk
(Distracted Driving, 2013). The belief is that if the student participates in one unsafe practice that it opens the door to other unsafe habits (Distracted
Driving, 2013) Many authors have investigated the risk

Traffic Congestion At Janta Crossing Essay
пѓ For last four year, We are known about traffic congestion at Janta crossing which is at Vidhya nagar to GIDC road and NH
–48 (ANAND–
SOJITRA HIGH WAY, which connect to SAURASTA).
пѓ Reason behind it have many key features are there which are
1)Tirupati HP petrol pump
2)SBI bank (branch of GIDC)
3)ELECON group
4)Vegetable market
5)GIDC main entry road
6)AMAR Maruti car show room and service station
7)CNG gas station
8)Glossary and snack shops
9)Vidhyanagar railway station Therefore, Traffic problems occur at this junction. During peak hours many times traffic conjunction problem occurs. It
has being observed that time is getting wasted and people don't reach on time to their destination to solve this problem we have selected this project.
Which cause many flow of vehicles in different direction at once.
пѓ Traffic congestion is no fun for anyone, but it's deadly for public transport. When buses and trams are stuck in traffic jams they fall behind schedule
and, because this means that more people will be waiting at the next stops, they fall even further behind schedule leading to bunching and compounding
delays. Bunched buses and delays make public transport unattractive for customers and increase operational costs, so congestion impacts on public
transport must be eliminated whenever possible.
пѓ Traffic Data Collection and projections thereof of traffic volumes are basic requirements for planning of road development and management
schemes.
пѓ Traffic Data forms an

Malaysia's Smart Tunnel
Executive Summary This report will discuss the infrastructure management of the Storm Water Management and Road Tunnel (SMART) of Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia. This tunnel was built mainly to cater to the reoccurring flash floods that happened in the area, and to act as an alternate traffic route.
It began construction in 2003 and was operational early 2007. A structure of such magnitude required in–depth designing and precise construction
methods to ensure that the structure would be able to fulfill its desired purposes. As such, the structure has indeed proved worthy of being able to not
only provide a solution to the flash floods, but also act as an alternate route for traffic heading from and to the city. An... Show more content on
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Levels of Service |Asset services can be acknowledged for meeting |Significant services will be evaluated, adopted by| | |its required level of
performance |the local government, made known to the | | |Service delivery time has been identified |stakeholders, well monitored and publically | | |
|reported on its services and standards | | | |Significant services are planned based on the | | | |levels of services | |3. Managing Growth |There is

Why Do People Use Red Light Cameras?
A red light camera is a type of traffic enforcement camera that captures an image of a vehicle, which has entered an intersection in spite of the traffic
signal indicating red. Since they automatically photograph vehicles that run red lights, the photo is evidence that helps authorities in their enforcement
of traffic laws. Generally the camera is triggered when a vehicle enters the intersection after the traffic signal has turned red. Typically, a law
enforcement official will review the photographic evidence and determine whether a violation occurred. A citation is then usually mailed to the owner
of the vehicle found to be in violation of the law. These cameras are used worldwide, in countries including: Australia, New Zealand, Canada, the
United Kingdom, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, in New York State, the Vehicle andTraffic Law permits red light cameras only within cities with a population above 1 million,
Rochester, Buffalo, Yonkers, and Nassau and Suffolk Counties. In Florida, a state law went into effect on 1 July 2010, which allows all municipalities
in the state to use red light cameras on all state–owned right–of–ways and fine drivers who run red lights, The name given to the state law is the Mark
Wandall Traffic Safety Act, named for a man who was killed in 2003 by a motorist who ran a red light. Suppliers of red–light cameras in the US
include American Traffic Solutions of Scottsdale, Arizona, which is 1/3 owned by Goldman Sachs.
In February 2012, St. Louis Circuit Court Judge Mark Neill officially declared the red light camera ordinance in the city of St. Louis void. On 9
August 2012, the Cary, North Carolina town council voted to end their program. New Jersey had to renew the Red Light law by the state legislature
in early 2015 and did not do this, making the use of red light cameras illegal in the state

Reduc Road Rage
The article, "Reducing road rage: The role of target insight in advertising for social change", illustrate insights of dangerous expression of anger
on the highway. This is when individuals express anger at another person in traffic. It also state that more road rages are committed in areas of
heavy traffic rather than in rural areas. Research show that 50 percent of people who commit road rage is because of traffic jams, 80 percent claim
tailgating, 82 percent stated being cut off, and 69 percent was due to slow drivers. Men are more likely than women commit road rage where women
may give the finger to show their anger. The reasons for road rage anger include feeling powerless, pressure, and frustrate. This could arise for issues
that... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Moreover, it focus on needed areas that will increase self–management and self– control skills, effective communication and problem solving, high risk
situations within a relapse prevention, and correcting thinking in offenders. Furthermore, it use the recidivism rates in comparing and dropout groups,
which rates was done on non–violent and violent recidivism to see if there was any significant differences. Anger management is effective with
violent offenders and can be assisted in groups, which also include brief duration (Novaco, 1975). In addition, anger management goal is to help
offenders become aware of anger, the triggers, and social skills and relaxation training that can reduce anger and strengthen control for anger. These
different skills are used from the cognitive behavior treatment. Wilson, Gandolfi, Dudley, Thomas, Tapp, and Moore (2013) claim anger management
programs has played a major role in some offenders who has completed them, because there has been reports of reductions in extend feeling of anger.
Moreover, there has also been better coping strategies to help control anger, which could be linked to an increase in

A Short Note On Traffic Signal Systems And Detection Systems
DETECTION TECHNOLOGIES
by
ANMOL SHRIVASTAVA, EIT
Professor Rahim F. Benekohal
Traffic Signal Systems
CEE 517
Spring 2015
TERM PAPER
TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY3
INTRODUCTION5
OBJECTIVES6
IMPORTANCE AND RELEVANCE7
INTSRUSIVE (Inductive Loop)8
Method and Concept9
Features of the system9
Implementation11
Results12
Shortcomings and Limitations12
NON–INTRUSIVE (Microwave Radar)13
Method and Concept14

Implementation15
Results17
NON–INTRUSIVE (Video Detection)19
Method and Concept20
Implementation21
Results22
COMPARISON OF VEHICLE DETECTORS25
SOLUTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS30
CONCLUSION31 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Snow, Fog will affect the system
Video DetectionMonitors multiple lanes and multiple lane for detection
Rich collection of data visual data available
Information gathered at one camera location can be linked to another which makes it a wide–area detection system Maintenance and installation of
camera requires lane closure
Performance affected by inclement weather such as fog, rain, and snow; vehicle shadows; sun glint
A height of 30 to 50–ft camera mounting height for optimum presence detection and speed measurement
Strong winds or vibration might affect the camera
Cost–effective only when many detection zones within the field–of–view are established
Reliable night time signal actuation requires adequate street lighting

Social Technology And The Sociocultural Aspects Of...
Street Traffic, Safety, and Accidents
Ayooluwase E. Akindele
ETEC 562
Social Technology and the Sociocultural Aspects of Learning
2016/10/03
Dr. Giuliana Cucinelli
Street Traffic, Safety, and Accidents
Roads are the backbone and essential modes of transportation, providing many different supports for human civilization. Among the early and
inexpensive technologies available for developing comprehensive traffic, management proposals are Road capacity, traffic sign (i.e. pavement
markings, road sign, etc.), Guard rails, cross marking etc traffic calming, vehicle parking regulations and controls, pedestrian measures, accident
reduction programs, Bus priority measures. As technology evolved, application of Intelligent Traffic System (ITS) was introduced. (Olaogbebikan J.
E et al. 2013). Street lighting also improves safety for drivers, riders, and pedestrians. They concluded that on average the presence of street lighting
reduces the severity of injuries by a factor of 3.
Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) are advanced applications which, without embodying intelligence as such, aim to provide innovative services
relating to different modes of transport and traffic management and enable various users to be better informed and make safer, more coordinated, and
'smarter ' use of transport networks. Roadways are, unfortunately, the scene where preventable urban fatalities take place. Pedestrians unknowingly
crossing busy streets; drivers distracted by their phones;

WE Model Essay
The WE models cover the deterministic prediction of the impact of a range of typical surface treatments on improved surface conditions.
The RD modes can be used to develop probabilistic distress predictions based on the variability found in the observational data. The future used of
probabilistic predictions of RD outcomes will allow road agencies to better quantify the risks involved in managing the pavement infrastructure.
The RD and WE models are installed in the pavement management systems (PMS) of both the state and local government agencies to provide
efficient maintenance allocation and resourcing at a road network level. In the process of developing the RD and WE models, a number of support
tools were also developed such as a tool ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
–The overall condition of the subgrade, to know if it is stable or unstable (reactive).
–Information allowing estimation of the local climate of the road segment. Where it shows annual rainfall and annual minimum and maximum daily
temperature data.
–Valid construction and maintenance history so that the pavement and surface age can be determined.
–Categorization of the type of pavement surfacing
–The thickness of pavement layers and a description of the materials comprising the pavement structure and a declaration of whether some of these
materials are moisture sensitive.
–Inventory data covering the road name or identity number, start and finish running chainage and GPS coordinates of start and finish location, lane
location and width, direction of traffic flow, road classification (local, arterial, sub–arterial, etc.) and classification of location (rural or urban).
–Road use data, updated on a regular basis, covering annual average daily traffic (AADT, vehicles/day), percentage heavy vehicles (%HV) and
classification of heavy vehicles with the estimated equivalent standard axles for each heavy vehicle classification.
Road use data can be captured using a weigh–in–motion (WIM) device or a traffic classification device located near the LTPP site to accurately
estimate the traffic load.

Advantages Of Davao City
According to the National Economic and Development Authority Region (NEDA) XI, Davao City, which has an area of approximately 244,000
hectares, is listed as `one of the largest cities in the world. Because of the city's wide area, it requires various transportation modes for the people to
avail in order to arrive at various places. Among its common public transport vehicles includes jeepneys, buses, tricycles, pedicabs and also those
small 'potpots' or bicycle with sidecars, single motorcycles also known as "habal–habal", as well as taxis and rental cars. Most of these public transport
vehicles have a predefined route in which they should follow in every trip. For the buses, they can operate within and between provinces. On the other
hand, taxis have no defined routes because they can transport passengers to any part of the city. As for the jeepneys, they operate within the city and
their routes assigned by the Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (LTFRB). Because jeepneys are only allowed or... Show more
Davao City is known for many tourists' destinations, thus, lots of tourists visit the place. For some people that are not familiar with the public transit
in Davao City, the possibility of inconvenience and difficulty in choosing a ride is likely to happen.
As what Borromeo (2016) stated, the traffic condition in Davao City can be considered as a crisis and is not far better than the traffic in Metro
Manila. As a daily routine, most of the people are trying to find ways to arrive faster at their destination. When traffic is heavy, taking the shortest
distance is still not a guarantee to have a faster way to arrive at the destination. There are optimal paths that are not necessarily based on distance. For
the optimal route, the cost, distance, speed, and time are being

The Pros And Cons Of The Calera Parkway Project
As America enters an era of development in transportation, people are bound to tackle traffic congestions. Today, Americans spend 14.5 million
hours every day in traffic because the roads have more vehicles than they can hold. Heavy traffic is mainly caused by the economy and school
systems as they require people to go to work or school around the same time (Morgan, "The Costs of Highway Congestion"). There are many public
transportation systems that can help reduce vehicles on the road; however, people choose to use private vehicles. People find private cars more
efficient, comfortable, and faster than public transportation. One of the traffic congestions that provoked a dispute sits in the city of Pacifica.
Along the Pacific coastline of California lies the Highway 1, also known as the Pacific Coast Highway, stretching from the northern border of Oregon
to San Diego. The Pacific Coast Highway lies at the edge of the Pacific Ocean that provides the beautiful, natural sceneries. However, Highway 1 is a
four–lane freeway and is busy during peak hours as commuters drive in and out of Pacifica frequently. The reason for heavy traffic on Highway 1, is
because there are more vehicles on the road with a limited amount of space.
The Calera Parkway Project.
To reduce traffic congestion during peak hours, Caltrans introduced a project known as the Calera Parkway Project. Caltrans is theCalifornia
Department of Transportation who manages highways and provides inter–city rail

Causes Of Motor Vehicle Accidents
The Complex Role Introduction In the U. S., injuries that are related to motor vehicle accidents are responsible for the death of more kids and
young adults than any additional one cause alone (The Community Guide, 2014). Additionally, automobile collision is the major reason for death
due to injury for individuals of every age (The Community Guide, 2014). Roughly 33,000 individuals lost their lives from being in an automobile
accident in 2010 (The Community Guide, 2014). This equals to 90 individuals every day. Also, a million other received injuries from motor
vehicle accidents that were not deadly, according to the Community Guide (2014). Each year the expenses associated with motor vehicle accidents
is over 99 billion dollars in lost of production and medical expenses (The Community Guide, 2014). The federal, state, and local government all
play a role in the prevention of motor vehicle accidents. Federal On October 15, 1966, the Department of Transportation was enacted by Congress
(U. S. Depart of Transportation ([DOT], 2015). It was on the first of April in 1967 that the DOT began its first day of officially being in operation
(DOT, 2015). According to the DOT, there mission is to provide service to America by making sure there is a fast, safe, efficient, accessible and
convenient system of transportation which meet the standard for the interests of the nation that are vital as well as enhancing the quality of life for
individuals in America presently and in the

Childhood Safety Regulations
Think about and comment on how child and adolescent safety regulations have changed over the past few decades. Safety regulations have
changed so much over the years. The different things that have changed so much is child safety seats, bicycle safety laws, the age that a child can
be left alone by themselves, and swimming safety. These were not that big of a deal or a problem in the past years. When my parents, were younger
there was no seatbelts in cars. They told me that the seats they were in when they were little has changed a lot in the years compared to what we have
today. But everything is getting better and better for young children. In today's world, we have lots of rules that tell us what we can and can't do, like
the all the warning... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When I was a child you weren't allowed to be left in the car alone till you were at least ten years old. The windows were always left open if I was
left in the car while my mom ran into the store. I wasn't allowed to start staying home alone till I was twelve or thirteen and I had to stay in the
house with the doors locked and not answer or open the door for anyone no matter what. Now in some cases some kids had to be a lot older to be
left alone because they were not mature enough to handle following the rules of being home alone. Today all you hear about now are kids left and
right, a lot of them babies being left in hot cars while the parent runs into the store and them dying from the heat. Also with the many pedophiles in
neighborhoods now, the kidnapping, and robbing of houses cases happening, many parents don't feel safe leaving even there teenagers home

Road Congestion Impacts The Economic Production Of A City
Road congestion impacts the economic production of a city. The Kwinana Freeway Widening Project constructs additional two lanes southbound to
keep up with the traffic flow during peak hour period. The Kwinana Freeway Widening Project shows that urban procurement strategies have been
conducted to achieve consistency, safety, accuracy and efficiency during construction work. Additional items are considered during planning for this
project such as utilities, traffic, property access, surveying, and local authority and residents. For earthworks on the widening project, systematic
approaches have been incorporated to increase time and cost efficiency. Material management have also been included in the widening project, as
segregation and... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These require great procurement strategies, the best earthwork approach and high standard of material management to have a cost efficient road
construction project.
This report looks at the road widening construction project in Kwinana Freeway southbound and its innovations and approach to tackle urban
earthworks in one of the busiest freeways. This section of the freeway has a higher proportion of heavy vehicles and traffic congestion during morning
and evening peak hour periods. This widening project is contracted by Lend Lease Engineering and funded by the Australian Government and the
Western Australia State Government binding with $31 million each. The widening project includes increasing to four lanes, entry ramp at Roe
Highway and an exit ramp at Armadale Road. Additionally, the positioning of utilities such as lighting, drainage pipes, electrical cables and intelligent
transport system to be placed for the upgrade on road infrastructure (Main Roads Western Australia 2015b).
2.0Site Investigation and Preparation
For this widening road project, individual and careful planning is needed for well systematic schedule, minimal costs and safety of the work. The site
layout, sequence of activities and materials that are needed are vital points to include when planning earthworks and is affected to a large extent of the
project. Site investigation is needed for the earthworks to be carried out on the freeway by examining the original and the final arrangement

Improving Travel Request Endeavors : Build Up The Mass...
Vehicular Growth
To coordinate the expanding travel request endeavors have not been made to build up the mass transport frameworks.
On the other hand, the Government of India has allowed the make of autos.
This has brought about colossal increment in the number of inhabitants in autos in the urban communities. The development patterns (MOST, GOI,
1998) of autos at National and City levels are as demonstrated.
The car populace in India has expanded from a simple 0.3 million in 1951 to more than 45 million in 2001. The enrolled bikes constitute about 70% of
the vehicle populace in every one of the urban communities. More than 90 percent of the vehicles are situated in urban focuses.
4.5 Passenger car Unit
The Traffic volume and capacity of roadway facilities under mixed traffic flow is difficult to estimate under mixed traffic flow, unless the different
vehicles classes are converted to one common standard vehicle unit. It is common practice to consider the passenger car as the standard vehicle unit to
convert the other vehicle classes and this unit is called Passenger Car Unit or PCU.
Table 5.1 : PCU For Different Vehicles
Sr. No.Class of VehiclePCU
12 Wheeler0.5
2Auto Rickshaw1
3Car1
4Bus3
5LCV1
6Truck3
7Bullock Cart8
8Bicycle0.5
9Other6
4.6. Data Sheet
Traffic Volume study was carried out at Janta Junction. The survey was carried out by the Students of Civil Engineering Department of FETR on
September 4, 2016
Hourly Variation of Traffic Volume

The Federal Highway Administration ( Fhwa )
Within the United States Department of Transportation exists an agency called the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) which was created on
October 15, 1966. The FHWA supports State and local governments in design, construction, and maintenance of the Nation's highway system. The
Administration's mainly responsible for making sure that the highways and roads continue to be among the safest and most technologically available
in the world. The FHWA core highway topics are: environmental, federal and Indian lands, highway funding, international, research and technologies,
roads and bridges, road users, safety, and road operations and congestion. In order for the FHWA to cover all those topics mentioned earlier the
administration has many offices one of which is the Office of Operations.
The FHWA Office of Operations provides national leadership for the management and operations of the surface transportation system. The Office of
Operations has many tasks one of which is it reduces highway congestion by better operating the highway network so that it performs better to meet
customer expectations. In order to accomplish this, the Office of Operations initiated programs such as: reducing congestions, improving operations,
creating a foundation for 21st century operations, improving global connectivity by enhancing contents management and operations, and finally
improving mobility and security through better emergency management. The programs begin policies and programs,

Texas Traffic Problems
Austin, Texas has a problem with traffic congestion. The solutions is Mike Heiligenstein and the Central Texas Regional Mobility Authority. The
popular city in Texas is constantly growing; consequently the traffic problems are a significant issue. The traffic problems in Texas can be managed,
but not eliminated. According to the Central Texas regional Mobility Authority,(CMRMA), a technical solution is the key to managing the difficult
traffic congestion. Traffic solutions involve more than the creation of new roads and highways. Mobility Authority strives to create innovative
solutions to manage traffic issues in Austin, Texas. Mobility Authority creator of the Mopac Express lLances dramatically impacts traffic control. Their
innovative

Interventions and Policies for Airline Accident Prevention
The past practice of investigating all accidents and incidents (safety occurrences) is being replaced with a more systematic and selective process. As
aircraft technology and systems development becomes more advanced, air travel perceived as safer and as such, the role of investigating agencies has
evolved. A number ofair safety investigation agencies have policies to help determine their level of response to occurrences by considering a range of
factors such as the severity of the event, the category of aircraft involved, class of operation and public interest. In the majority of occurrences little
investigative effort is subsequently undertaken. Despite this, the recurring nature of many accidents results in recommendations, interventions and
policies which are conducive to accident prevention. Although these can be improved to facilitate greater measurable outcomes and achievable
improvements to aviation safety. When discussing aviation investigation policies, ICAO Annex 13 of the Chicago Convention states 'The sole
objective of the investigation of an accident or incident shall be the prevention of accidents and incidents. It is not the purpose of this activity to
apportion blame or liability' (ICAO, 2001). The overarching documents or guidelines for accident investigation are deliberately non–prescriptive
designed to allow ICAO member states to implement legislation and classification systems they see fit for their industry.
A number of aviation investigation

Traffic Management N Mumbai
INTRODUCTION
Traffic Management is a very serious issue today. Traffic in Mumbai especially is seen as a major drawback for the city. Everyone belonging to
this city of dreams has at some point in their life faced a traffic snarl which has made them wish they lived anywhere else. The core reason for
traffic is the buildup of several problems being neglected over the years. This includes, over population, bad infrastructure, lack of education,
uncontrolled reckless driving etc. I personally feel that using a car for a single person is a luxury if the same car is used for 5 persons travelling, it
makes sense. We have n number of people coming to the same area in their own cars without any accomplices. So, it makes sense to club the people...
в—Џ Granting casual leave, Earned leave, medical leave of the officer of Rank of Asstt.Police Inspector upto Police constable.
в—Џ Signing the bills of medical leave, earned leave, LTC of the officers of the rank of APIs to P.Cs., working in South/Central/East/West/North
Traffic Region.
в—Џ Reviewing the issuance of NOCs after approval of Jt.C.P.,Traffic for competitions, morchas, processions, public awareness campaign, peach
licenses of handicapped persons. Telephone booths, Taxi /auto stands and road markings, hoardings, advertisement campaigns, film shootings.
в—Џ DCP City/Suburban, Traffic to submit their proposals and files to DCP (Hqs), Traffic
в—Џ Scrutinizing the proposal of notifications of the road, re–designing of the junctions, speed breakers, central dividers and submitting them for the
approval of the Jt.C.P., Traffic.
в—Џ Issuance of the NOCs of the proposals of pay and park and DCRs after obtaining approval of the Jt.C.P., Traffic.
в—Џ Attending meeting organized by the Government, Semi–Govt, NGOs and other organisations.
в—Џ Drafting notifications.
в—Џ Educational Training modules for the officers and men of the TCBs.
в—Џ Supervision over the officers and men of the Traffic Institute.
* Dy.Commissioner of Police, City/Suburban, Traffic,Mumbai
в—Џ DCP(City) to supervise the work of South/Central and East, Regions, Traffic, while
DCP(Suburban), to supervise the work of North/West Traffic Regions.
в—Џ To visit

Regulatory Oversight And Recall Of President Lyndon B....
Regulatory Oversight and Recall Congress began to hold high–profile hearings on automobile safety in 1965. In 1966, President Lyndon B. Johnson
signed both the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act and the Highway Safety Act into law. The two bills gave the federal government
authority to set and enforce safety standards for vehicles and roads. The NTMVSA was the first legislation mandating federal safety standards for
motor vehicles. Although the safety standards in the NTMVSA were watered down in response to industry lobbyists, it required important safety
features that the current generation of car drivers would never expect to be absent from a vehicle: "seat belts for every passenger, impact–absorbing
steering wheels, rupture–resistant fuel tanks, door latches that stayed latched in crashes, side–view mirrors, shatter–resistant windshields, windshield
defrosters, lights on the sides of cars as well as the front and back, and 'the padding and softening of interior surfaces and protrusions.'" (History.com)
Also in 1966, two new government agencies–the National Traffic Safety Agency and the National Highway Safety Agency–were created to carry out
the safety programs authorized under the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act and the Highway Safety Act. The two agencies were
consolidated in 1970 and became the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration ("NHTSA"). NHTSA is responsible for reducing deaths, injuries
and economic losses resulting from

Taking a look at Eastlink
Eastlink was aimed to connect the eastern north–south region; it connects the eastern freeway to Frankston freeway. The land of the toll road was set
aside by the government in 1960 to and in 2002 the project was officially accepted in policy.[ K. Wellman, Marcus Spiller, 2012. Urban Infrastructure:
Finance and Management]
By providing 39 Km of motorway, Eastlink allows citizens to travel along the eastern region and save time by bypassing 45 traffic lights. It also carries
a great amount of traffic; therefore, it creates more jobs and economical boost. Eastlink created approximately 15 billion boost to the economy and
1400 employment opportunities were generated during its construction and operation.[ Greeman, A.G,Eastlink: motorway Masterpiece]
Reducing traffic congestion and attracting population to the eastern region were two key objectives of the project. It was aimed to serve as the main
transportation artery of the eastern zone.
Table below shows how traffic on certain roads was influenced after operation of Eastlink.
RoadTraffic revolution
Springvale RoadDecreased 20%
Bulleen RoadIncreased 13%
Park RoadDecreased 13%
Doncaster RoadDecreased 11%
Reynolds RoadDecreased 2% [City of Manningham, traffic report on the effects, alterations and impacts of Eastlink to surrounding and local roads in
the City of Manningham, 2009]
As a part of the project, around 60 wetlands were made to improve and filter water runoffs. Another important objective in the project was to

Essay on Are Red Light Cameras the Answer?
Are Red Light Cameras the Answer? The automobile's invention revolutionized the American transportation system. It allowed people to move
themselves and cargo from city–to–city and state–to–state in a much faster and efficient manner. Its numbers increased as it gained popularity and
became affordable. This led to the development of road networks both within and between cities. Problems arose in the areas where roads intersected
each other; accidents occurred at these intersections due to the lack in control of vehicular movements. Cities employed people to direct traffic at busy
intersections to address this issue, but eventually the intersections became too numerous to control using this method. The development of automated...
However, this method of traffic enforcement is not without its drawbacks. Intersection monitoring with RLCs is not acceptable because they increase
rear end collisions, suffer legal uncertainties, and effective alternative methods are available.
Background
Red light running is a serious issue in the United States. According to T. Walden and B. Bochner (2011), it is estimated these violations result in over
100,000 accidents and 1,000 fatalities each year. The economic impact is assessed to be over $14 billion dollars annually ("Effectiveness of Red Light
Cameras–Texas Statewide Evaluation," p. 30). Typical costs include items such as property damage, medical expenses, response expenditures, etc. The
monetary costs are significant, but the loss of life is incalculable. N. Elminity and E. Radwan (2008) state that drivers who run red lights are the
primary cause of high–speed angular collisions at intersections ("Issues Related to Red–Light Camera Enforcement Systems," p. 32). RLCs are an
attempt to increase safety and reduce risk at problematic intersections in order to mitigate these costs.
RLCs utilize different triggering methods. According to the Redflex Traffic Systems website, their system uses radar activated cameras to observe
intersections. The radar device mounts on poles at each corner near the traffic signals. This configuration provides coverage of the

Ojt on-the-Job Training
ON–THE–JOB TRAINING
At
CEBU CITY TRAFFIC OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT
(CITOM)
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for
Bachelor of Science
In
Information Technology
Submitted by:
Submitted to:
(Date)
I. Table of Contents
II. Brief History/Background of the company
III. Summary of the OJT Experience
IV. Assessment of the OJT/Practicum Program a. New Knowledge and attitudes, and Skills Required b. Theories actually seen in Practice c. Feedback
that can be given to the company or institution d. Benefits gained e. Problems encountered
V. Appendices A. Company brochure and/or pamphlet B. endorsement letter C. Training Plan D. Signed Waiver form
E. Daily Time Record
F. Quarterly Performance Appraisal
G. Certificate of Completion ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Cognizant to the need for a reliable and efficient traffic control system in Metro Cebu, the City Government of Cebu made representation with NEDA
ICC to realize the deferred traffic signalization project. In June 6, 1989, the City of Cebu and the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH)

entered into a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) for a joint undertaking on the installation of a Computerized Traffic Signal System. Thus, the Metro
Cebu Traffic Engineering and Management (MCTEAM) Project was established in 1989, as the implementing agency of the project.
In 1990, the installation of the Computerized Traffic Signal System was awarded to an Australian firm, the AWA Traffic and Information System. The
traffic system adapted in Cebu City is the fully adaptive Urban Traffic Control System utilizing the "Sydney Coordinated Adaptive Traffic System"
(SCATS), a development effort of the Roads Traffic Authorities of the New South Wales". SCATS operates in real
–time, adjusting signal timings
throughout the system in response to variation in traffic demand and system capacity.
Traffic Enforcement, on the other hand, was left to the Cebu City Traffic Division of the Philippine National Police (PNP). Over the period from 1988
up to present. There has been increasing demand of enforcers employed by the due to the increasing pressure brought about by urbanization through the
economic

Personal Statement For Transportation Engineering
The development of every nation hinges on the effectiveness of their transportation systems. Movement of goods, services and people to and from
work is made possible by transportation systems. The importance of effective transportation systems cannot be over–emphasized. A lot of countries are
facing Transportation problems and my country Ghana is no exception. A trip of about 30 minutes can take about an hour or more due to traffic jams.
This is seriously impacting productivity and has been a topical issue in the country. The situation is the same in Uganda where I currently work. To this
end, Transportation Engineers are needed to design roads/ highways that will stand the test of time, plan effective traffic management systems to reduce
travel... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Given the level of experience I have accrued in my last 3 years both in Ghana and Uganda coupled with my strong academic achievement, I am
confident that I have what it takes to carry out research and contribute effectively to the Civil Engineering Department of the North Dakota State
University and subsequently match the academic standards set by the University.
The graduate students' population at the North Dakota State University is made up of 25% of International Students. I fancy my chances of gaining
admission given my experience and academic achievements coupled with the school's high population of International Students. Also, the course
outline perfectly matched my career prospects and research interests.
Hence, I have decided to pursue my masters at the North Dakota State University because the course structure perfectly suits my career prospects and
also the modern state of the art of the equipments and facilities which aids

Ladakh Road Essay
Ladakh generally remains cut–off from the rest of Indian mainland during winters as these roads gets closed after the start of the winter snow in
November/December and open in end May or June depending on the weather forecast. The Border Roads Organization (BRO) is responsible for
operation and maintenance of these highways. Earlier, these routes used to be closed officially after October 31. However, an account of post winter
opening of Leh–Ladakh Road via Rohtang pass in last five years indicate considerable change in snow fall pattern. For Manali–Srinagar–Leh axis,
there are indications over last 5 years of the snow season starting late in December and continuing till end May. However, in the last winter, secondary
information shows... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The snow accumulation at Zojila pass is generally about 40–60 feet. Some of the captions below provide an account of snow in these regions. In 2017,
BRO provided an annual snow clearance grant of INR 70 per cum for 2 lane roads in altitudes above 2400m. Considering that both these routes fall in
these altitudes, and assuming on average 5 m of snow cover on two 2–lane roads (7 m wide). The cost of snow clearance operations combined for these
two routes (474 km + 424 km) is around INR 2,200 Mn, besides there are additional grants for air support provided to ground staff for airlifting
persons, supplying fuel and spare parts and other things by helicopter. High altitude roads in heavy snowfall areas experience a major drainage
problem during spring thaw. The snow melt water flows with tremendous velocity over the pavement, causing its erosion covered on either side by
snow accumulated on berms during snow clearance operations. The water released by thawing collects in the centre of the pavement and the road itself
acts as a drain. At times, this running snow melt water freezes on the pavement and causes skidding. Thaw water penetrates through the potholes and
crevices in the pavement. When subsequent freezing occurs, this thaw also freezes and expands causing damage to the pavement. This alternative
cycle of road thawing and freezing is one of the major causes of damage to the pavement in snow bound areas. BRO

Photo Enforced-Red Light Camera Controversy Essay
Red Light Cameras, Is their Only Purpose For Revenue? by Maria Protine
CM223–06AU Instructor Ream February 15, 2010 The debate over whether red light cameras are effective or not can cause a great divide among any
group of people. Proponents of the cameras say that they are effective in reducing accidents and those against them are adamant that they are only in
place to increase revenues for local law enforcement. This paper will bring forth facts that indicate that red light cameras are in place to make
communities money and not for reducing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Rispo interviewed professor and chair of health policy and management of University of South Florida College of Public Health who said, "The
rigorous studies clearly show red–light cameras don't work, instead they increase crashes and injuries as drivers attempt to abruptly stop at camera
intersections." (Rispo, 2009) Many drivers who slam on their brakes to avoid the red light cameras have other drivers behind them who are not
anticipating the abrupt stop and who may be following too closely, thus resulting in a rear end collision. Revenues generated from red light tickets is
staggering. A web article written by MSNBC gives these examples: Albany Oregon, population 48,000, issued 1,119 red light tickets for $77,200 in
2008. St. Peters Missouri, population 55,000, 3,203 red light tickets for $235,973. The city issued 14,836 traffic tickets in 2006, but the number
jumped to 21,745 in 2008, the first full year with the cameras. (MSNBC, 2009) Los Angeles made over $4 million in red light violation fines in
2008. (Goldstein, 2009) The Chief of police in Clive Iowa, a Des Moines suburb, says, "With the number of calls for service our city generates, we
can't devote that much time to red–light enforcement," Cox said. "We were missing a lot of violations." (MSNBC, 2009) Perhaps it is the revenue
they are missing that prompted the cameras. When one city sees another making lots of

Plate Recognition Essay
An Implementation of Fast and Efficient Real Time Indian Standard High Security Number Plates Recognition and Detection System of Stolen Cars
using RTOS
1Mukesh Singh Chandel, 2 Ms. Satya Verma
1M. Tech Scholar, 2 Head of Department
1Computer Science, 2Computer Science,
1MATS School of Engineering and IT, Aarang, Raipur (C.G.), India
2MATS School of Engineering and IT, Aarang, Raipur (C.G.), India
1mukesh.chandel08@gmail.com, 2satyaverma@matsuniversity.ac.in
Abstract–In India automatic Indian number plate detection and recognition system have the important role in modern travel and traffic system. Its
helps to monitoring the urban traffic and to recognition the automobile thefts. In this digital modern world large number of vehicles, ... Show more
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I. INTRODUCTION
We see the number of vehicles around us in our daily life and everyone needs it but with the population increase, vehicles increased last decades in
large quantity. But it created disturbances to the human life such as huge traffic, large sound, crime cases accidents, such as stealing of vehicles etc.
and therefore we need management of vehicle. As a result, there is a lot of work going on to improve the transportation of vehicles. Out of these, Indian
car plate recognition system is the most attractive research issue and this result manuscripts discusses some practical aspect of the recognizing number
written on vehicle number plate. A Vehicle Plate Recognition System is a tracking system that identifies the vehicle so that the car is tracked down
through our existing database. Each Number plates are unique for each vehicle, its takes the unique identification of each vehicle all over country. So
its need to be monitor and recognize. We can track number plates in two ways firstly manually and second is automatically. In India traffic police noted
manually the vehicle number plate. It is complex and not accurate reading. But automatic number plate recognition is the fast and efficient based
system. Its helps to track the maximum number of system at a time with an accurate reading. Automatic number plate system uses the image

Automatic Traffic Control Mechanism : A Survey
AUTOMATIC TRAFFIC CONTROL MECHANISM
A SURVEY
Janakiram .M, Vijayarani.S, PG Student, Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore
janakiramuniverse@gmail.com, vijimohan_2000@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
Automatic traffic control is a mechanism that has complicated control and coordination to ensure that traffic moves as smoothly and safely as
possible and also pedestrians are protected when they cross the roads. A variety of different control systems are used to accomplish this. Traffic
control in urban areas is a very critical problem and increasing day–by–day due to increment in number of vehicles and un–expandable traffic
infrastructure. This paper deals with the importance of Automatic Traffic Control and the existing algorithms to control the traffic, sharing signals
between vehicles and traffic signals in the intersection. Particularly, this paper takes all the possible ways to control the traffic and give suggestion to
the future research on this field. No algorithm is available for all type of signals. There is a little bit change to use according to the signal type. But
scheduling algorithms particularly Round Robin and Priority makes it possible for common use. Combination of these two algorithms may make a
more suitable traffic control for all type of signal in the world even at emergency time.
Keywords: Traffic control, Signals, Existing algorithms,

Seatbelt Safety
Teenagers and Seatbelt Safety: Identifying the reasons Why 16 to 19 Old High–School Students Do Not Wear Seatbelt
Melissa Simmons
Research Methodology
Prepared for Soheyl Amini PhD
September 2012
Objectives The aims and objectives of this study include the following: (1) to identify the percentage of teenagers between the ages of 16 to 19 that
do not wear seat belts when in a car; and (2) to identify the reasons why teenagers between the ages of 16 to 19 do not wear seat belts when in a car;
(3) to identify whether there is a correlation between sex and seat belt compliance among teenagers; and (4) to determine whether attendance of a
driver's education class increases seat belt compliance among teenagers. Once this ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Literature Review
According to the literature overall, teens have a lower rate of seat belt use when compared to the general population. Whether they are driving or not,
teens are less likely to wear a seat belt than adults. According to the National Highway and Transportation Safety Administration (2009), "teens
have the highest fatality rate in motor vehicle crashes than any other age group." In 2009 the majority 56% of young people 16 to 20 years of age
involved in fatal crashes were not wearing seat belts (NHTSA, 2009). Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death, accounting for more
than one in three deaths. In 2010, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration found that eight teenagers ages 16 to 19 died everyday from
motor vehicle accidents. (NHTSA, 2010). Compared with other age groups, teens have the lowest rate of seat belt use. In 2005, 10% of high school
students reported that they rarely or never wear seat belts when riding with someone else (NHTSA, 2010). 12.5% of male high school students were
more likely than 7.8% of female students to rarely or never wear seat belts (NHTSA, 2010). African–American students 12% and Hispanic students
13% were more likely than white students 10.1% to rarely or never wear seat belts. In 2010, nearly three out of every four teen drivers were killed in
motor vehicle crashes after drinking and driving and were not wearing a seat belt (Center

The Importance Of Traffic Laws

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