1 Problem Statement It is impossible to avoid an increase in traffic congestion in huge metropolitan areas that are expanding, such as those found in New York City and other major cities across the world. Congestion during rush hour is an inevitable consequence of how modern societies are organized (Lu et al.). It results from people's widespread desire to pursue specific goals, which invariably leads to overloading already-existing roads and transit systems daily. The vast majority of Americans in New York City who are on the move during peak commute times do so in their own cars. all forms of public transportation lack the comfort, speed, privacy, and convenience of privately owned vehicles. The global trend toward private automobile ownership directly results from rising per capital incomes, leading to an exodus from public transportation and other less convenient options. Because of many people drive their own cars on the road, despite the New York City government efforts to alleviate the problem, traffic congestion continues to get worse. This is something that is universally despised. It presents a substantial challenge for public policy, frequently leaves commuters feeling irritated and helpless. Although it's possible that governments may never be able to remove traffic congestion completely, there are a number of steps that states and municipalities can take to alleviate the problem. The primary mobility problem we face is that too many people want to move simultaneously every day. In order to keep the economy and educational institutions running smoothly, it is important that individuals go to work, school, and do errands at around the same time. It would be disastrous for our economy and way of life to abandon that fundamental requirement (Lu et al.). Every big city in the world faces the same issue. In my research plan, I will use the New York City as my target organization and New York State Department of Transport especially the engineering division as the agency to deal with the congestion during the rush hour. Background Agency Culture In 1967, New York state department of transportation (NYSDOT) was formed. It is a department of New York state government responsible for the operation and development of mass transit systems, railroads, highways, ports, waterways and aviation facilities in the US state of New York. They also develop the transportation policy for the New York state. NYSDOT coordinate with the transportation and ensure all customers who live in New York have an efficient, safe, and balanced transportation system. The New York state department of transportation engineering division have the responsibility of addressing the challenge of congestion that has been reported in their desk. The New York state department of transportation engineering division is receiving the detailed report that argues that New York City is not doing well when it comes to the traffic flow especially during peak hours and this is wh.

1. 1
Problem Statement
It is impossible to avoid an increase in traffic congestion in
huge metropolitan areas that are expanding, such as those found
in New York City and other major cities across the world.
Congestion during rush hour is an inevitable consequence of
how modern societies are organized (Lu et al.). It results from
people's widespread desire to pursue specific goals, which
invariably leads to overloading already-existing roads and
transit systems daily. The vast majority of Americans in New
York City who are on the move during peak commute times do
so in their own cars. all forms of public transportation lack the
comfort, speed, privacy, and convenience of privately owned
vehicles. The global trend toward private automobile ownership
directly results from rising per capital incomes, leading to an
exodus from public transportation and other less convenient
options. Because of many people drive their own cars on the
road, despite the New York City government efforts to alleviate
the problem, traffic congestion continues to get worse. This is
something that is universally despised. It presents a substantial
challenge for public policy, frequently leaves commuters
feeling irritated and helpless. Although it's possible that
governments may never be able to remove traffic congestion
completely, there are a number of steps that states and
municipalities can take to alleviate the problem. The primary
mobility problem we face is that too many people want to move
simultaneously every day. In order to keep the economy and
educational institutions running smoothly, it is important that
individuals go to work, school, and do errands at around the
same time. It would be disastrous for our economy and way of
life to abandon that fundamental requirement (Lu et al.). Every
big city in the world faces the same issue. In my research plan, I
will use the New York City as my target organization and New

2. York State Department of Transport especially the engineering
division as the agency to deal with the congestion during the
rush hour.
Background
Agency Culture
In 1967, New York state department of transportation
(NYSDOT) was formed. It is a department of New York state
government responsible for the operation and development of
mass transit systems, railroads, highways, ports, waterways and
aviation facilities in the US state of New York. They also
develop the transportation policy for the New York state.
NYSDOT coordinate with the transportation and ensure all
customers who live in New York have an efficient, safe, and
balanced transportation system. The New York state department
of transportation engineering division have the responsibility of
addressing the challenge of congestion that has been reported in
their desk. The New York state department of transportation
engineering division is receiving the detailed report that argues
that New York City is not doing well when it comes to the
traffic flow especially during peak hours and this is where the
agency has a role to play to handle the problem.
Core Issue
Twenty million people live in New York City, where they are
dispersed in 25 counties in three states. At almost 4,500 square
miles in size, it far surpasses all other metro areas as the largest
in the world. Reducing congestion and making the most of
mobility needs are two of the primary goals of traffic
engineering, which plays a pivotal role in the design and
planning of infrastructure. Moving people and products quickly
and safely is the primary focus of traffic engineering. New
streets, roads, and highways are often designed and built with
input from traffic engineers. It's a vital sub-field of civil
engineering that requires a high level of expertise (Asgarzadeh
et al.). The New York state department of transportation
engineering division agency have admitted that the design of the
road network within the city was done well and the

3. infrastructure quality is high but the challenge of coordination
during peak hours was not much anticipated and it is more of a
planning issues that demands for a technological intervention.
The New York state department of transportation engineering
division agency contends that the greatest difficulty in avoiding
congestion occurs during rush hour, when people are rushing to
go to work, school, and other daytime commitments. The
mornings and evenings tend to be the busiest times of the day,
therefore rapid action is often necessary. As 87.9 percent of
New York's daily commuters use private cars and millions more
want to travel at the same time, the NYSDOT engineering
division has adopted the data that the country's primary
challenge is that its road system lacks the capacity to handle
peak-hour traffic without causing many people to wait in line
(Lu et al.). Congestion is typified by traffic jams, which plague
all fast developing big cities today. New York City's traffic
congestion is among the worst in the world, but fortunately,
American roadways are far superior. According to data
collected by the New York state department engineering
division, rush-hour traffic in the Central Business District is
exacerbated by the concentration of businesses and employment
opportunities in the area.
Present Program
Accelerating traffic flows with the use of Intelligent
Transportation System gadgets is a recent technology that has
been adopted and not fully implemented. The New York state
department of transportation engineering division has a national
program called ITS. ITS represents intelligent transportation
systems. ITS is used for travel smarter, faster, safer and more
convenient by using modern computers(algorithm) and
communications. It uses technologies such as CCTV systems,
electronic message signs, traffic detectors to monitor the road
and collect information on traffic conditions, manage traffic and
quickly provide solutions. The ITS can also help us reducing the
time spend on red lights or waiting on freeways when an
accident occurs. Electronically coordinated signal lights on

4. local streets, variable-sized signage alerting drivers to
upcoming traffic conditions, one-way street layouts, GPS units
in cars and trucks, and radio broadcasts of current road
conditions are all examples of such aids. Existing today, this
technology can be useful on surface roadways and enlightening
on freeways.
Challenge
· Lack of transparency and data privacy when monitor the city
road.
· Lack of coordination between management department and
engineering department in NYSDOT
· Lack of technology algorithm of connecting and monitoring
huge New York City transportation.
· The high cost of technology and complains of stakeholders.
Proposed
Solution
NYSDOT engineering division can meeting together to approach
in getting the best solution to the traffic congestion during peak
hours. Eliminating the cause of congestion, an excessive
number of people trying to use the New York roads. As planned
by civil engineers, alternate routes to the same destination can
help alleviate congestion in densely populated locations. As a
result, drivers will wait in traffic fewer times and be able to get
through on fewer streets. Engineers that specialize in traffic
flow are vital to the public good because they solve pressing
transportation problems. Researching the state of public roads,

5. figuring out what's causing issues, and implementing fixes are
all part of their job. The solution is that the traffic engineers
should take the responsibility on the establishment of traffic
lights that facilitate, rather than impede, the free flow of
vehicles and uses the real-data technology in guiding the
motorists in using the less busy roads. Congestion and accidents
are two results of poor traffic lights and the failure to
coordinate the real-data analytic and information sharing to the
drivers. The operation of a traffic signal is not limited to only
directing traffic; in the event of an accident, for example, the
immediate response must be to halt traffic temporarily and
offers alternative routes that are important in easing the flow in
the roads. The engineers have the role of designing traffic lights
that offers the best guidance in limiting congestion in a single
road or lane at a particular time and ensure that motorists reach
their destination on time. If you want your traffic system to last,
it needs to be based on sound engineering that takes these
concerns into account and this is much crucial in involving all
the stakeholders to have a significant solution to the problem.
Intersections and roundabouts on roads typically have
signalized intersections and roundabouts. Code interpretation
allows for the analysis of traffic data for automobiles and
within a technology-enabled traffic network via wired and
wireless connectivity. In order to reduce gridlock, one of the
most effective technical solutions is to upgrade call centers that

6. ensure that the signal that is shared from the traffic lights is
communicated fast to facilitate guidance in the road network.
With the use of engineering and information technology
solutions specifically on the advanced traffic lights, helps in
offering reasonable and reliable solutions.
List of Resources Already Reviewed
· Documents of New York state transportation focus on
congestion information
· The mission and development of NYSDOT
· Information about NYSDOT engineering divisions of how
they eliminating the congestion, researching the state of public
roads, figuring out what's causing issues, and implementing
fixes.
· .Documents on the ITS programs background information
Next Steps
The next steps for the research include conducting interviews to
understand the topic of concern better. The interview
participants include the staff working in the New York state
department of transport (NYSDOT) engineering division. Ask
their feedback and opinions. The other data sources are
secondary sources, which include targeting the reports of the
most successful cities globally, reviewing the intervention they
adopted in managing their traffic, and looking into the
challenges that come with the modern strategies to do it
differently for New York City.

7. Future Research
New York transport department engineering division should
look for lasting solutions for the traffic congestion in the city,
including adopting technology, especially data analytic (Jaffe).
Future research should focus more in involving all the relevant
authorities in the approach to solving traffic congestion and
addressing the problem in a more detailed way. The population
understand the problem better, and their involvement would
give a better outcome.

8. Reference
Barr, Jason. "Solving Traffic Congestion: A Plan for New York
City - Skynomics Blog".
Building the Skyline, 2019,
https://buildingtheskyline.org/traffic-plan-nyc/.
Asgarzadeh, Morteza, et al. “The Role of Intersection and Street
Design on Severity of Bicycle-Motor Vehicle Crashes.”
Injury Prevention, vol. 23, no. 3, 2016, pp. 179–185.,
https://doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2016-042045.
Jaffe, Eric. "Bloomberg - Are You A Robot?”
Bloomberg.Com, 2014,
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-03-
20/the-plan-that-could-finally-free-new-york-city-from-traffic-
congestion.
Lu, Juan et al. "Expansion of City Scale, Traffic Modes, Traffic
Congestion, and Air Pollution".
Cities, vol 108, 2021, p. 102974.

9. Elsevier BV,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2020.102974.
Moynihan, Michael. "The Impact of a Surcharge on Taxi and
For-Hire Vehicle Trips on Traffic Congestion in New York
City: Early Evidence from Traffic Sensors".
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2019.
Elsevier BV,
https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3357893.
New York State Department of Transportation. (n.d.).
Department of Transportation. What is ITS? Retrieved
October 20, 2022, from
https://www.dot.ny.gov/divisions/operating/oom/transportation-
systems/systems-optimization-section/ny-moves/what-is-its
New York State Department of Transportation. (n.d.).
Department of Transportation. Mission and Values.
Retrieved October 20, 2022, from
https://www.dot.ny.gov/about-nysdot/mission