U.S. Maritime Strategic Operations

U.s. Maritime Strategic Operations
Introduction For over 60 years the Forward Deployed Naval Forces (FDNF) in Japan has served as a
cornerstone for executing U.S. Maritime Strategies in Asia. From the strategies of Deterrence,
Power Projection, and Crisis Response, to the strategies of Littoral Operations and
Engagement, the FDNF has been a key contributor to these missions.
Several commands in the United States Navy operate in overseas outside of Continental United
States (CONUS). These are the different platforms of naval ships such as: Destroyers (DDG), Mine
Counter Measure (MCM), Landing Helicopter Dock (LHD), landing Platform Dock (LPD), Dock
Landing Ship (LSD), Military Sealift Command (MSC), Explosive Ordnance Disposal Mobile Unit,
Undersea Surveillance Detachment, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This was accomplished during a single day during underway in FDNF operation. All of this was
done on time, professionally and most importantly safely without a single personnel or equipment
casualty.
FDNF Operational Requirements
The U.S. 7th Fleet is the largest U.S. numbered fleet (Figure 1), with 60–70 ships, 200–300 aircraft
and about 40,000 Sailors and Marines operating in the region on a typical day (Carr, 2013). There
are more than 48 million square miles (more than 124 million square kilometers) in the 7th Fleet's
Area of Responsibility (AOR). It covers the Kuril Islands in the north to the Antarctic in the south,
and from the International Date Line to the 68th meridian east, which runs down from the India–
Pakistan border. It has 36 maritime countries and the world's five largest foreign armed forces in the
7th AOR (i.e., Russia, India, North Korea, People's Republic of China, and Republic of Korea). Five
of the seven U.S. Mutual Defense Treaties are with countries in the area of Republic of the
Philippines, Republic of Korea, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and Thailand (C7F, 2015).
The FDNF offers two independent striking forces; the USS Ronald Reagan (CVN 76) battle group
and the USS Bonhomme Richard (LHD 6) amphibious ready group. When augmented with
submarines from Submarine squadron FIFTEEN out of Guam, the strike potential is apparent
(Mitchell,
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F3EA Cycle: A Case Study
While deployed during the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT), I served in both Iraq and
Afghanistan. Although Iraq had its own unique complexities, Afghanistan proved to be a
significantly more complicated fight. It included a determined and experienced enemy, austere
terrain, and challenging weather conditions, which combined to present a myriad of complexities
throughout all phases of the find, fix, and finish of the F3EA cycle. During a specific rotation to
Afghanistan in October of 2008, I served as the 2nd squad leader for Bravo Company 1st Battalion,
75th Ranger Regiment. During this combat rotation my platoon executed a mission targeting high
value individuals (HVIs) associated with the Haqqani Network (HQN). Although the mission
seemed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Immediately following the set containment pieces 3rd squad moved to continue clearance of the
objective. The squad was on line as they moved uphill and crested a knoll during the clearance. As
they crested the knoll, backlit by the high illumination, the squad took fire from multiple enemies
firing positions, including a bunker and a machine gun nest. During the initial bursts by the enemy
on the squad, Sergeant Ryan Olech and Specialist Dick Dallas were struck. Sergeant Olech suffered
multiple gunshot wounds to the torso, biceps, and back while Specialist Dallas was shot in the
helmet and body armor. At least one round tore through Spc. Dallas's helmet through his NVG
mount knocking him unconscious. As Sgt Olech lay wounded, unable to fight, Sergeant Kyle
Oswald single handedly returned fire, eliminating several enemies. Spc. Dallas was able to displace
to my location somewhat removed from the immediate fire. As Sgt Oswald continued to engage and
suppress the enemy, my platoon sergeant, SFC Crouch moved to and pulled Sgt Olech from the
immediate fire where he could be treated for his immediate life threatening wounds.
Simultaneously, the isolation and containment elements of the platoon massed fires on known,
likely, and suspected enemy positions in order to facilitate the retrieval of SGT

Marine Air-Ground Task Force
The United States Marine Corps has an illustrious history forged in the trials of combat. Throughout
its history, irregular warfare has and will continue to pose challenges for Marines facing new and
radical enemy forces. The rapid, opportunistic, and flexible capabilities of maneuver warfare
enables Marines to combat ambiguous enemies whose warfighting capability and doctrine is based
on irregular warfare principles. Marine Corps units are organized and equipped to facilitate rapid
deployment and to maximize the potential of each asset available to the Marine Air Ground Task
Force Commanders. As we wage war against our nation's foes, the elements of the Marine Air
Ground Task Force are prepared to provide mutually supporting roles for the ... Show more content
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During this type of warfare, the enemy may have already infiltrated, destroyed, or damaged a
foreign nation's government, essential services or infrastructure vital to the indigenous populace for
survival and governance. Aviation elements accomplish the transport and swift insertion of
personnel, supplies, and materials to assist our forces and to help maintain or rebuild infrastructure.
These activities achieve the overarching effects of building trust and confidence within the local
populace to foster support for our efforts. Additionally, air assets bring tremendous combat power to
the irregular warfare fight. An assortment of ordnance i.e.; precision guided munitions, rapid
insertion and extraction methods, and troop and equipment transport enable our forces to quickly
strike, maneuver and gain the advantage in an irregular warfare engagement. The Aviation Combat
Element also allows both the Ground and Logistic Combat elements to rapidly deploy anywhere in
the world. More specifically the Marine Expeditionary Unit provides a mobile sea based warfighting
unit capable of deploying on short notice. The Aviation Combat Element has the ability to move
those combat forces from ship to shore with an over horizon capability. The ability to quickly move
forces around the battlespace provides opportunities for United States forces to influence the
population by conducting meetings with local leaders and proving our commitment to the people of
the affected country. This capability not only enhances but solidifies the Marine Corps ability to
utilize maneuver warfare principles while engaging in an irregular

Did Desert Storm Represent a Revolution or Evolution in...
On the morning of 16 Jan 1991 images of precision strikes targeting Saddam Hussein's Baathist
regime , brought the employment of airpower to the forefront of global consciousness . Concurrent
with images of the attacks, the world's media were broadcasting press briefings lauding the
'revolutionary' achievements of 'surgical strikes' conducted by F–117A Fighters; a capability that
had only been publically acknowledged for the first time a year earlier . The aim of this essay is to
penetrate the superficial media–derived rhetoric, and seek to determine whether Op DESERT
STORM represented an evolution or a revolution in the employment of air power. To achieve this it
is necessary to examine air power across the entire spectrum of its ... Show more content on
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General Schwarzkopf, in Senate Committee hearings following the war, described that he was often
fed heavily caveated reporting or it was not timely enough . An explanation for this is that the
collection plan was targeted against the problem sets and compartmented in a hierarchical manner in
order to understand the environment against which fielded forces were arrayed. However, there
were many issues in the employment of intelligence in this manner, including timeliness, security
caveat and collection priorities and battle damage assessment . An analysis of elements that
comprised the A2 for Op DESERT STORM suggests that the war represents a continuation on the
spectrum of intelligence technological and doctrinal development that occurred post WW2, through
Vietnam and through the Cold War. The next area that will be considered is the conduct of
operations examining platforms, weapons, and targeting. During Op DESERT STORM whilst there
were 34 members of the UN coalition, the practical contribution by nation varied significantly, both
in their role, capacity and capability . This is a critical factor to acknowledge, as any discussion
about evolution or revolution in airpower has to focus primarily on the US, with the UK, France,
Canada and Italy taken into account albeit to a lesser extent, due to their relative contribution. In
quantitative

Joint Force
The United States, throughout the course of its history, has attempted to steady the dynamic global
climate in eras of strategic change. Examples of this abound: post–World War I, the post–Vietnam
Cold War, and even the current post–long war environment. However, it is arguable that no era of
strategic change was more critical to the development of contemporary international security than
the interwar period between World War II's end and the rapid communist advance across the 38th
parallel that initiated the Korean War. Yet similarities exist with our current age, and one would be
remiss to discount the invaluable experiences garnered during such a transformative period in global
history. Comparatively, and based on current concepts and amphibious ... Show more content on
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This propagation greatly enhances the Joint Force's warfighting capability by enhancing the
likelihood that a coalition partner will have trained with a United States' amphibious force or at a
minimum is familiar with joint amphibious doctrine. The Joint Force correspondingly has expanded
its amphibious horizons beyond the simple and established ARG/MEU. Rehearsals for forcible entry
operations currently exist within all three Marine Expeditionary Forces (MEF) at the Marine
Expeditionary Brigade (MEB) level. These exercises, such as DAWN BLITZ, BOLD ALLIGATOR,
and SSANG YONG, effectively always executed in multi–lateral fashion, increase the amphibious
capability sets of the blue / green team while also redoubling a spirit of interoperability between the
United States and its partner nation's forces. The magnitude of such exercises is, of course,
conspicuous since history has displayed that the United States will likely not execute a forcible
entry

Three Key Capabilities Of The United States Air Force
The world has been reached almost to the space age, but how we behave as a human being is not
contemporary enough that the time requires. Terrorist trends, countries' hostile behaviors have been
caused the world in a worse environment. It is so important as a nation to be able protect himself
against all of those threats. You cannot resist such complex issues. You will need to embody a strong
company to be able successful. The United States Air Force is very reliable and efficient tool against
such threats. He has very vulnerable and unique capabilities to be successful, and also issues related
those abilities. In my paper, I will write about three key capabilities of The United States Air Force;
Global Attack, Precision Engagement, Information ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The ability of the Air Force to engage globally, using both lethal and non–lethal means, is vital to
today's national security strategy of Engagement and Enlargement. At present, almost a quarter of
Air Force personnel are deployed overseas at any one time. That is a very difficult effort to
maintain. You must be decisive to sustain that mission as a nation. So you have to do your job very
well. We can give as an example of Desert Storm and Operation Iraq Freedom. In these operations
USAF served very well and accomplished so vital missions. Getting air superiority, close air support
to ground troops, communication control, and reconnaissance were the duties of USAF. USAF has a
precise technology to achieve war goals. PGM bombs and intelligent capability also gave
opportunity to hit time sensitive targets. So with less collateral damage objectives could be
achieved. To be able catch that mission objective airpower is the most appropriate tool; fast, flexible
and maneuverable. Those operations were extremely complicated and large–scale experiences.
Rapid power maneuvers, air superiority requirement and planning framework as a global power
complexity were tested in those operations. Strategic Airlift, Theater Airlift, Air Refueling, Air
Force Combat Aircrafts, Special

George H. W. Noriega
It was 1989. Massive protests left the Berlin wall dismantled. Students occupied Tiananmen Square
in China. Civil war was erupting in Lebanon. George H. W. Bush wins election in November 1989
in the United States. His opponent on the opposite spectrum was Michael Dukakis. Vice President
running partner was Dan Quayle Indiana. He ran promising a kinder, gentler nation. The polls ran
and the popular vote results: 48,886,097, and 426 electoral votes. He lost the reelection however, to
Bill Clinton in 1992. During his presidency, Secretary of the Treasury Catalina Villapando was
arrested and sentenced to prison for, of all things, tax evasion and obstruction of justice. To this day,
Villapando remains the only sitting treasurer to be sent to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
First, a benefit of NAFTA is that it cemented strong relationships among the three countries, which
has important foreign policy implications. Under NAFTA, the United States, Canada, and Mexico
become a single, giant, integrated market of almost 400 million people with $6.5 trillion worth of
goods and services annually. In a speech by Bill Clinton, he explains how the implications of
NAFTA would be profitable. "NAFTA will tear clown trade barriers between our three nations. It
will create the world's largest trade zone and create 200,000 jobs in this country by 1995 alone"
(Remarks on the Signing of NAFTA, 1993). It spawned economical gain and encouraged trade
among the three nations. NAFTA is the largest trading block of its kind with a surplus of job
opportunities rising especially in Canada and Mexico. Another reason NAFTA proved successful
was the rise of exports, and decrease in protection. Export jobs are increasing far faster than any
jobs that may have moved overseas; we want to have more jobs here and the way to do that is to
increase our exports. Bush responds with his reasoning to his justification of exports. "Well, Carole,
the thing that saved us in this global economic slowdown is in our exports. And what I'm trying to
do is increase our exports" (Presidential debate in Richmond, 1992). This quote shows how the
integration of NAFTA, free and fair trade, is the best option to go

F-8b Harrier Essay
"Air power alone does not guarantee America's security, but I believe it exploits the nation's greatest
asset – our technical skill." – Gen. Hoyt S. Vandenberg, Second Air Force Chief of Staff. Over time,
different aircraft types have been used to meet specific demands and specialize in single purposes.
The F–117 Nighthawk specializes in stealth, the A–10 Thunderbolt is designed purely for Close Air
Support, and the F–22 Raptor was created as an air superiority fighter. One function that has been
added to the list more recently is STOVL (Short Takeoff Vertical Landing), and has been
successfully exemplified by the AV–8B Harrier. This platform has been in use since the first version
arrived in 1967, and is looking to be replaced by something ... Show more content on
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It was developed as a multirole aircraft that could replace both the F/A–18 Hornet and AV–8B
Harrier platforms with exponentially better performance in combat effectiveness, maintainability,
and overall efficiency. The B variant is mainly intended to be used by the Marines, since it can
operate for amphibious assault ships and conduct operations similar to the Harrier's, which has been
primarily serviced by the Marines. The main similarity to Harrier missions is the STOVL capability,
allowing the aircraft to land and take off in hostile environments or when shorter landing strips are
available. When engaging enemy forces, it can preform CAS with increased effectiveness than the
Harrier due to a larger payload capacity and much improved stealth and anti–detection
characteristics. Many types of operations await the F–35B in the future. Because of its low detection
stealth capability, it can be used to fly in undetected and eliminate targets from long distances with
precision guided munitions. Because of its numerous advanced electronic warfare systems and
dominant intelligence gathering ability, jamming radar, attacking hostile combat systems, and
supporting aggressive allied movements will be other functions the F–35B is looking to fulfill, all
while staying hidden. It is intended to be a major role player in the MAGTFs (Marine Air Ground
Task

Revolution In Military Affairs
The current concept of Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) is mainly driven by the transformation
of US military to an agile, leaner and more powerful force. This revolution enables the US military
to project their forces integrated with precision strike, space warfare, and information war
operations expeditiously and strategically. In addition, with the modernization of hardware and
equipments, the forces required are greatly reduced. While this revolution have lead to tactical
victories over opposing conventional forces on the battlefield, it is not clear that they have tactical
advantage over non–conventional/asymmetric threats and its contribution towards the stability of
the conflict zone. This study will briefly look into the concept of RMA. Follow by an in–depth
study of Desert storm and Operation Iraqi Freedom to assess RMA effectiveness against
conventional and non–conventional/asymmetric threat. WHAT IS RMAAndrew Marshall quoted
"RMA is a major change in the nature of warfare brought by the innovative application of new
technologies which, combined with dramatic changes in military doctrine and operational and ...
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In the 20th century, three important science–based innovations led to significant technological
advancement. These advancement are also being applied to military options, which are: 1) Nuclear
weapons, 2) biotechnology and 3) information and communication technology2. However, it should
also be noted that technology alone is insufficient to revolutionize military affair. For instance, 50
years passed between the invention of gunpowder and its employment on major battlefield; and the
innovative concept of the Germans using communication technology to integrate land and air forces
in defeating the British who possessed the same technology. Therefore, advances in operational
concepts are just as important as technology

Airpower Impact On The United States Air Force
From the early age of airpower development in the United States, airpower theorists, and advocates
believed and prophesized, that airpower can win the war by itself. Turning back to the age prior to
the independence of the United States Air Force (USAF) as a service, airpower advocates
emphasized that bomber will always get through and that it will produce decisive blow to the enemy
and win the war. Moreover, they argued that airpower alone could win the war quickly without the
need to employ other services, that it is cheaper because bombers replace large force employment
costs and precisely hitting only important targets avoids collateral damage. That promise of the early
airpower advocates continued to be the core belief of the new independent United States Air Force
after 1947. Looking its promise over the past 70 years the airpower gradually advanced toward its
fulfillment and with rapid technology advances, that the USAF is highly dependent on, airpower
finally achieved its promise. The airpower proved to end wars more quickly and save lives of
solders, to cost less in order to achieve military and political objectives, and to avoid collateral
damage with its precision capabilities. Nevertheless, implications of achievement of promise can be
that airpower can be used as a mean of political objectives that can severely limit or misuse
airpower's capabilities. At the early ages of the employment, the airpower gradually started to
achieve its promise through its

Tactical Assault Group
One of the biggest challenges facing modern society is in the area of security, especially as it
patterns to terrorism. The dynamics and severity of attacks on innocent citizens of different
countries around the world continues to change over the years. In Europe, the frequency of terrorist
attacks is also spreading to different countries. In fact, the 2017 Europol European Union Terrorism
Situation and Trend Report concludes that more than 142 terrorist operations were reported across
the European Union in 2016 alone. Also, the attacks caused the death of more than 140 people and
about 378 more people were injured.
Since terrorist attacks have been on the rise while taking dynamic and extreme turns, different
countries of the world have created ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Special Reconnaissance (SR) adopts intelligence gathering and surveillance. This is the
gathering and verification of important information about potential plans or intentions of terrorist
groups and organized criminals. In addition, other relevant pieces of information such as
hydrographic, geographic and meteorological features of a location are utilized in predicting the
activities of terrorists.
Another operational technique used by the TAG unit is Precision Strike. This operation utilizes
sophisticated technology, mines, precision guided munitions, standoff weapons and other munitions
to capture or kill a target such as a criminal, hostage taker or terrorist. The operation is usually
accompanied with tactics such as raids or ambushes and are usually small in scale.
Special Recovery Operations (SRO) are also special operations utilized by the TAG units to rescue
hostages or equipment from terrorists or hostage–takers. This operation could be carried out
overseas or within the country, and they are usually high–risk

Warfighting Practices In The Military
Sometimes the military's strongest supporters will become its biggest obstacles to progress. That's
very true once their passion is grounded in reminiscences of warfighting practices currently
overtaken by time. A case in purpose is that the contestation encompassing retirement of the Air
Force's A–10 Thunderbolt II, a plane formed throughout the warfare with one mission in mind:
providing shut air support to forces on the bottom. At the time, troopers were querulous that the Air
Force wasn't sufficiently committed to shut air support, therefore the service came up with a plane
that did solely that – a slow however extremely survivable tank killer engineered around one in
every of the foremost deadly cannons ever mounted on Associate in Nursing craft. ... Show more
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however that was 1976, and lots has modified throughout the intervening years. Back then, friendly
forces lacked precision–guided munitions and digital knowledge links, to not mention concealment.
Enemies lacked agile, portable air defenses. the next look of these and different innovations has
remodeled warfare, creating slow, single–mission military science craft just like the A–10 antiques.
Don't attempt to tell that to the plane's defenders on Capitol Hill although, as a result of they read
Air Force plans to interchange the 40–year–old planes with one thing newer as betrayal bordering
on

America 's War With Unlimited Resources Essay
After the Wright brothers embarked on the first sustained, heavier–than–air, man–powered flight
aboard the Wright Flyer. Airplane soon had been used for the war fighting. Some airpower pioneers
started to advocate the new technology with great influence and unlimited potential to future
warfare. As the new technology apply to different country with different school of thought, the way
to employ airpower started to develop into several different model. Early British and Italian military
theorists like Trenchard and Douhet who believed that civilian morale would collapse with the
bombing of industrial center. US General Mitchell believed the airplane can easily destroy the Navy
battle ship in lower cost.
The idea of airpower can wage the war in cheaper, quicker and more humanely way is prompted by
the development of technology. In spite of this, several historical case studies and evidence shows
the technology along cannot effectively employ the airpower. In fact, the resources are limited, no
country can fight the war with unlimited resource. Then the sound strategy plays an important guild
line to control the limited resources and gave the military leader the coherence objectives to achieve.
That is to say, we cannot effectively employ airpower without the back up of technology, but the
lesson learns from World War II, Vietnam war and war in middle east shows the play mort important
role than technology. We also can use it as a guild line to prepare for tomorrow's war

Global Unification through Handheld Technology Essay
Global Unification through Handheld Technology "Handheld technology: is it the greatest invention
since sliced bread?" (Lewis 1). Whether or not these technologies will be remembered as one of the
greatest inventions of all time is yet to be determined, but handheld technologies are definitely
changing the way people access and work with information. Handheld technologies were first
created to help make some of life's current tasks simpler and faster to complete. Two of the main
handheld technologies are the Global Positioning System (GPS) and the Personal Data Assistant
(PDA). The first thought that spring to one's mind when GPS is mentioned is usually that it is a fast
and easy way to find where one is located. Similarly, the first ... Show more content on
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Four GPS satellite signals are used to compute positions in three dimensions and the time offset in
the receiver clock" (Dana 1). So, GPS was created by the U.S. Department of Defense for the
purpose of locating enemies for the U.S. military.
Although the GPS was created for the U.S. military, ordinary citizens are currently using it for
several other purposes. These were not initially thought of as being functions for the GPS, though.
As Sam Nitzberg said, "The Global Positioning system (GPS) was developed by the US military in
order to better effect its many missions. GPS can be used to effectively guide and provide
navigational support to military vessels, combat aircraft, covert action teams, and missile systems.
What was not predicted when GPS technologies were being developed was how GPS would
eventually be incorporated into civilian aircraft systems, automobiles, personal GPS systems which
plug into computers equipped with mapping software, and personal handheld GPS units for hikers
or other recreational use. It is not necessarily always possible to work on technologies and
understand what their ultimate use will be" (3).
Just as some of the current uses of GPS could not be guessed, the current uses of PDAs are yet to be
determined. As was mentioned earlier, the PDA is a good way to organize one's personal
information and

Sun Tzu On Nature And Character Of 21st Century Warfare
Sun Tzu on the Nature and Character of 21st Century Warfare
Sun Tzu understood the nature of war as "the province of life or death," and a "matter of vital
importance to the state."1 I agree. In my own experience, war awakens your primordial instincts and
strips you of your self–rationalizations. Sun Tzu defined the character of war when he wrote, "water
has no constant form, there are in war no constant conditions."2 Accordingly, Sun Tzu's principals
of war offer a framework adequate to explain the nature and character of 21st century warfare,
which I rationalize as a near–continuous battle of ideologies fought through asymmetric means to
advance the values and interests of state and non–state actors.
I predicated my assessment of 21st ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Then, on October 7th, President Bush announced operations in Afghanistan were underway. In his
address to the nation, President Bush enumerated the demands given to Taliban leadership as, "close
terrorist training camps; hand over leaders of the Al Qaeda network; and return all foreign nationals,
including American citizens, unjustly detained in your country." It was clear "none of these demands
were met," as President Bush announced military strikes were underway in Afghanistan. This
concludes the first element of contemporary evidence.
This assessment begins with Sun Tzu's principal of war – national unity or "Tao," as a frame of
reference to contextualize the first characteristic of war – political objectives. Tao is predicated on
the "moral influence that causes the people to be in harmony with their leaders."9 Specifically, I
assess the degree of national unity achieved in the wake of the September 11th

The Crench Revolution And The French Revolution
The French Revolution (1789) introduced great social and political changes. In the European
warfare it incorporated significant changes; rather than monarch against monarch, war became a
fight between nations, namely nationalism. Intense nationalism influenced citizens to accept great
personal sacrifice, included military service, for the commitments and objectives of the State. The
Napoleonic model, epitomized in the writings of Jomini and Clausewitz, masterly managed the rise
of nationalism to succeed in warfare. Perfectly applied the Clausewitz's trinity: "the first of these
three as¬pects [violence] mainly concerns the peo¬ple; the second [chance] the commander and his
army; the third [rational purpose] the government." In the advent of the First World War (WWI), the
huge increase of the European industries supposed a vast growth in iron and steel production.
Moreover, the technological advances in explosive shells and artillery, the improvements in
communications, and the steady professionalization of armies and their leaders posed radical
changes to the character of war. Although firepower and technology contribute to the carnage and
the calamitous number of fatalities, the nature of the war continued unchanged. The interwar period,
military strategists sought to find an approach that would avoid a repetition of the bloody trench
stalemate in the First World War. Many of them recognized the potential of armored warfare. J.F.C.
Fuller claimed that the tank could

Technology In Ww2
The United States should focus primarily on the pursuit of technological advantages in order to
preserve a decisive edge in warfare. Technology alone will not win wars, but without employing
current technology the United States will find itself at a significant disadvantage in warfare.
Throughout history, several technological advances have given an edge to nations engaged in
conflict, leaving their adversaries to adjust or risk a significant disadvantage. Over the last three
centuries, technology and the industrial revolution have changed the face of war and the world.
During the 19th century rifling of weapons enabled soldiers to shoot further with more accuracy
increasing the standoff distance at which armies could engage. There were also industrial ... Show
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Locomotives and the use of rail enabled armies to move and resupply more quickly, the speed of
feet no longer constrained movement. Steam power, along with iron building materials and better
cannons, changed naval warfare. Improving ships led to further technological advances in order to
counter the advantages of the iron clad fleets, such as submarines.
There are multiple examples of technological advances that enhanced or changed warfare during the
20th century. Machine guns are most often associated with World War I. Heavy employment of
machine guns during the First World War changed the fighting tactics employed in the ground war.
Military tacticians had not had the opportunity or the need to redevelop tactics based on the
employment of machine guns causing a stalemate between the forces and costing both sides millions
of lives. Militants eventually used armored vehicles to counter the effects of the machine gun
standoff. The first tanks were rudimentary, but development would continue throughout this century.
World War I also saw the introduction of air power, enabling behind the line attacks on enemy
headquarters, rear areas and

Operation Instant Thunder Research Paper
International Baccalaureate Extended Essay Operation Instant Thunder and the Persian Gulf War
1990–1991 Alexander Brooking Candidate Number: 001829–0003 Research Question: To what
extent did the success of the coalition forces during the first gulf war rely on the events of operation
'Instant Thunder'? Word Count: 3586 Abstract This essay deals with the bombing campaign, more
commonly known as operation "Instant Thunder", conducted by coalition forces during the first
Gulf War from 1990 to 1991. It undertakes an investigation of the decisions made by the coalition
forces during the individual phases of the campaign attempting to explain and justify the bombing
campaign on the nation of Kuwait. The investigation deals with the ... Show more content on
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At Coalition airfields and on board Coalition warships all across the Gulf region, the first hours after
midnight 17 January were marked by activity with a new sense of urgency. The initial attack
packages marshalled south of the Iraqi and Jordanian early warning and ground control intercept
(GCI) coverage. By employing modern stealth capabilities the coalition forces intended on targeting
a specific Iraqi radar dish, which would, unless destroyed, alert Iraqi air defence of the impending
assault. The entire coalition attack armada moved north, comprising of hundreds of aircraft from
many different nations and services, proceeded into hostile airspace at 2:10 am, Baghdad time .
Eight US Army AH–64 Apache helicopters led by two US Air ForceMH–53 Pave Low helicopters
destroyed Iraqi radar sites near the Iraqi–Saudi Arabian border which could have warned Iraq of an
impending attack, hence providing the coalition forces with an initial advantage. Shortly after the
operation was authorised and the initial assaults on airfields in Western Iraq begun. These airfields
were targeted on the basis that they were the quintessential first response of the Iraqi army and by
effectively destroying them the coalition forces hoped to obtain the advantage with air superiority.
Coupled with the assault on these specific airfields, a large US led squadron began to bomb the Iraqi
city of Baghdad , which was to act as a diversion, which resulted in the small Iraqi air forces
currently deployed to return to Baghdad in an effort to counter the coalition bombing campaign.
These attacks were met with little resistance, which can be attributed to the successful planning and
delivery of Phase. 1 can be attributed to the coalition forces ability to effectively survey

Post War Constitution Essay
Background
United States' formal occupation of Japan began to end with the implementation of the 1947 Post–
War Constitution. The new constitution, founded on liberal and democratic institutions, also called
for military restriction, similar to the post–war constitution adopted in Germany. Chapter II,
Renunciation of War, contains the famous peace clause, Article 9. Article 9 states, "Japanese people
forever renounce war as a sovereign right of the nation and the threat or use of force as means of
settling international disputes" and that "land, sea, and air forces, as well as other war potential, will
never be maintained." The geopolitical landscape at the time was already starting to revolve around
the bipolar power structure of the Soviet Union versus the United States. In a region where several
atrocities and war crimes committed by Japan defined the war for many, the world needed
reassurance of a docile Japan and long–term stability in Asia. In 1954 with the support of the ...
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All of these states were subject to the devastation of the Second World War and history warns them
to be wary of a militaristic Japanese, especially after the reinterpretation of Article 9 and related
laws bypassed the Diets. In fact, opposition parties of the Liberal Democratic Party symbolically left
the room as the vote for these laws took place. At the same time, a poll showing 56% of Japanese
citizens opposed the recent security laws. Shortly afterward, both the Chinese and South Korean
ministries released statements on the laws' passages. China expressed doubts about Japan's peaceful
development and lashed out at Japan's creation of the "Chinese threat." South Korea asked that
Japan respect the sovereignty of the Korean Peninsula and expressed hopes for transparency in
further action. South Korea will not accept unilateral moves in the

Science, Technology and America’s Military Essay
Science, Technology and America's Military When it comes to the latest and fastest computers there
is one place that all that technology can be found, the United States Military. There is no doubt that
the U.S. Military is one of, if not the most technologically advanced armed forces in the world.
"Over our countries development we have changed from a "grind it out" fighting machine, to a more
advanced, rapid tactical corps to meet the different battle situations found in today's world."[1] This
transformation has taken place largely in the last century with the advancement of computer
technology helping to reshape the battle field to our advantage. Our nation is constantly looking for
the advantage during conflict, and for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The simulators used today are extremely accurate as to the limitations of people and equipment, and
as advances in technology improve so do the simulators, as they become more and more realistic.
Computer game technology is also responsible for these improvements; today's video game
consoles have many times the computing power than the military's simulators a few years ago.2 The
army has even developed its own video game based on the simulators it uses for combat training.
Americas Army is more than just a shoot–em–up game; it is built to portray a real soldiers life,
everything from basic training to choosing a career. According to one of the games designers, Lt.
Col. Casey Wardynski, the game took over two years and around $8 million dollars (USD) to
develop, but the main point of the game is education of real Army life, and is said to be the most
realistic game ever developed. Simulators cannot however depict every aspect of military life,
dealing with other team members, salty commanders, and there is nothing to simulate being cold,
tired and hungry at the end of the day. All in all however, simulators are a vital part of today's
military training and operations. In the near future, if it is not already possible, I would not be
surprised if a simulator can be developed for any situation by simply inputting a given situation, and
the soldiers will be able to use the simulator before going into the actual combat situation.

Five Tenets Of Management
Derrick Majchszak
Mr. Michael Kimmel
Management 3318
23 March 2016
Five Tenets of Management The business world is a far different place in the beginning of the 21st
century than it was at the beginning of the 20th century. Globalization is occurring at an ever–
increasing pace. The speed with which people can communicate and with which people and goods
can travel has fundamentally altered the perception of distance. People of different cultures are
finding it easier than ever to move for work. Businesses are finding that the diversity of their
workforces are increasing at a rapid rate. Management and leadership have to be able to change and
adapt for a business to be successful in this swiftly changing environment. The best way for a
business to succeed is to implement a Total Quality Management approach that strictly adheres to
five principles, otherwise known as pillars. Total Quality Management (TQM) is not a new
management style, nor is it an Asian management style. The roots of TQM can be traced back to
two Americans, William Deming and Joseph Juran. American organizations were not interested in
learning new management techniques, so Deming and Juran traveled to Asia. The Japanese,
desperate for a recovery after WWII, latched on to the roots of TQM and grew it into the
management style that TQM is recognized as today. The last few decades have seen TQM labeled
an Asian management style because the Japanese and other Asian countries became so adept at
utilizing TQM's

Technology, Serbians, and Albanians in Power over People...
Everything comes with pros and cons, and so are technology and utilization of air force. However,
there are many incidents where people only remember the advantages while neglecting the side
effects those brought. One of the famous incidents is Kosovo war that is known to bring human
rights to people who are deprived of it due to their different ethnicity, but we cannot simply
conclude that the Serbians were the aggressors and Albanians were the victims. Similarly, on the
one hand, the superior technology acquired by the NATO and the US demonstrated that technology
means power to achieve what they want. On the other hand, the technology that people developed
can bring disaster to people by increasing the death rate during the war and ... Show more content
They reduced their cost by using the air force, and they saved RAF from its greedy rivals, the army
and the navy. More importantly, it kept Iraq and its oil in the British sphere at lower cost than any
other method, and it helped the Iraqi regime too. Although the use of air force is controversial, it is
still cheap and effective way to panic and defeat the enemies. In both cases, the advancement in the
technology, the air force, enabled them to be superior to their enemies and easily panic and achieve
its main goal. These wars indicate that war enabled people to achieve what they want in faster and
more efficient manner than before. Although air force is an effective way to drive the enemies out,
they still have side effects and disadvantages just like everything else. Both incidents coincide in the
idea that the technology though helped to end the war faster, it made more casualties. In case of
Kosovo war, Gibbs stated before the attack of NATO, the death rate of all soldiers and civilians
were about 2000. However, the number skyrockets when NATO starts its bombing campaign. Since
the Serbs cannot defend against the superior technology, they relieved their anger to the Albanians.
Moreover, the technology led to more casualties of both soldiers and the civilians. The technology
also made the war longer. The air strikes made the Albanian military to move its base and aggravate
them instead of giving up. Headrick had same perspective

Tactical Air Force
CAS was an important mission during WWII. The synergistic effect of the tactical German aviation
as part of the blitzkrieg was one of the main innovations in war. However, this was the result of the
experimentation and training, much of which occurred during the Spanish Civil War. In the same
way, Russian Tactical Aviation developed ground support capabilities that were important to stop the
German invasion. On the American side, as a result of the performance of the Tactical Air
Command (TAC), the independence of the Air Force was related to its ability to provide close air
support to the Army when deemed needed. The National Security Act of 1947 gave the Air Force
the responsibility of providing close air support for ground forces. However, ... Show more content
Prior to Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF), this was not a big
issue as there was a specialized platform, the A–10, which provided the preponderance of CAS
sorties with aircrews experienced in CAS procedures. During OEF and OIF, this situation has
changed dramatically, and the differences in training evidenced the

The Cuban Missile Crisis And The Space Race
The 1960's had an important impact on the United States through the Cuban Missile Crisis and The
Space Race. The 1960's was once called the "Decade of Peace, Love, and Harmony." This decade
was right in the middle of the Cold War which lasted from 1947 to 1991. During this time period,
there were many changes to Government's, New form of Politics, and a lasting battle between
countries to reach their goals. After the 1960's ended, there were a long lasting effects that still last
until today in the year 2016. The two events in history that still affect America today is The Cuban
Missile Crisis and The Space Race. Both of these events were life changing events that changed the
way that countries viewed each other. The Space Race lasted from ... Show more content on
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The Cuban Missile Crisis began when the United States had a spy plane fly over Cuba and noticed
that on the island were Nuclear tipped missiles owned by the Soviet Union. The Cuban dictator
known as Fidel Castro, became close to the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union leader, Nikita
Khrushchev and the President of the United States John F. Kennedy both agreed that if the United
States does not invade Cuba, the missiles would be removed from both Cuba and from the country
of Turkey. "There is one point on which I want to give you new information right away, I have
refrained from doing this until now; but today an attempt is being made to frighten all mankind by
propagating the idea that Cuba, and in particular I, might provoke a nuclear war, so I feel the world
should know the true story of the missile emplacement" (Castro). During this crisis, Fidel Castro
and the Soviet Union almost started a nuclear war at one of the most important parts in history. But
way before the crisis happened, Castro said that there were warnings coming of an invasion. "Six
months before these missiles were installed in Cuba, we had received an accumulation of
information warning us that a new invasion of the island has being prepared under sponsorship of
the Central Intelligence Agency, whose administrators were humiliated by the Bay of Pigs disaster
and by the spectacle of being ridiculed in the eyes of

Stealth Aircraft On Bombing Missions
The advantages and disadvantages of using stealth aircraft on bombing missions are varied, from
their use in conflict to the risks and costs involved in operating such an aircraft. They are beneficial
in restricting the length and time of battles especially when capable of long missions, but at a
substantial cost to both the crew operating the craft and the US Air Force itself. This essay will
explore the long missions the F–117 and B–2 stealth aircraft are capable of, the costs involved in
developing and operating such aircraft, and their efficiency in battle.
An advantage of using stealth aircraft such as the F–117 Nighthawk and the B–2 Spirit stealth
bomber is the capability that these aircraft have to undertake long missions. The B–2 was first used
in 1999 in the Kosovo War, when six aircraft flew a non–stop round journey from their Missouri
base, a mission taking 30 hours. The aircraft are highly automated, from their navigational systems
to their weaponry and attack systems. They navigate using GPS and highly accurate inertial
guidance systems which assist the autopilot functions. Bombing missions are automatically
organised by a digital planning system that can carry out all functions, including release of the
weapons themselves. Laser–guided bombs are used such as a pair of GBU–10, GBU–12, or BLU–
109 penetration bombs, or Joint Direct Attack Munitions (JDAMs). Because of the high level of
automation, and the decreasing cost and size of electronic equipment, it is

Argument And Morality, Ethics, And The Principle Of A...
Throughout its 80–year evolution, politicians, strategist, and military leaders have continually
assessed airpower's dominating capability and how it relates to strategy, morality, ethics,
international laws and norms, and the justified use of force. The ideas and theories of jus ad bellum
and jus in bello are especially relevant to an air campaign because of airpower's aforementioned
crippling potential. However, many scholars also agree that jus post bellum is a subject worthy of
further exploration and one can be certain that airpower will continue to play a role in the aftermath
of war. This paper will address the complex relationship between strategy and morality and the
principles of jus in bello and jus post bellum that should be considered when shaping the potential
effects of airpower in support of a nation's security interests. Martin L. Cook notes that military
officers provide advice and have an input into whether armed conflict is justified, however, it is
ultimately at the discretion of a nation's political leadership to decide if the use of force is warranted
as described in the theory of jus ad bellum. When a nation does decide that war is justified, it must
consider the conflict's strategy and its relationship to morality. Joseph L. Allen speaks to
contradictory positions between these two pursuits. He notes one position as strategists and ethicist
essentially agreeing upon a desired conclusion at the cessation of hostilities. Allen states that the,

The Korean War And The Soviet Union
The Korean War The Korean War is a forgotten conflict in American history in which this conflict
was followed by World War II in 1950. The United States didn't enter World War II until the
Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. World War II has ended resulting in the
United States defeating Nazi Germany, in support of allies of the United States in coordination with
the United Nations. The citizens of America have peace and prosperity now that their G.I.s are
home. However, there is still tension between the United States and the communist Soviet Union.
During the mid 1940s countries that had conflicts with each other have now been resolved. North
and South Korea, one country, only divided by its regions, do not like ... Show more content on
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Equipped with more ammunition and personnel, in which some of the Soldiers on the North side
were from China. North Korea rolled into South Korea and flanked the smaller army with tanks,
heavy machinery and a well planned coordination.
Before the summer of 1950 could begin North Korea has aggressively defeated and man handled
South Korea. The more and more these countries fought, the more tensions flared and the
communist was getting better control. President Harry S. Truman didn't like the fact that the
Communist were acting out of order and wanted to put an end to this "New World Order." President
Truman made a public statement June 27, 1950, that the United States would enter the conflict to
mitigate communist rule under the measures recommended by the United Nations.
During the Korean War, there were multiple types of ammunition used by The United Nations. The
ammunition used consisted of the 105–millimeter (mm), 155–mm, and 8–inch. The 155–mm and 8
inch howitzer used separate loading ammunition, which were composed of four separate
components: primer, propellant, projectile, and fuse. This setup produced many problems
logistically, because the components were delivered and issued separately, which is how they are
issued today. The technological advances today allow swift ammunition issue and delivery, which
gives our Armed Forces the ability to provide continuous live fire and counter fire missions. Today
we have

North Korea Case Study
North Korea (NK) is the greatest Hybrid Threat (HT) to the United States (US) because of NK's
capability of employing missiles, cyber–attacks, criminal elements, Special Operations Forces
(SOF), and conventional forces (CF) to create scalable challenges at the strategic, operational and
tactical levels. Training Circular 7–100 defines HT as, "the diverse and dynamic combination of
regular, irregular, and terrorist forces, criminal elements, or a combination of those forces and
elements all unified to achieve mutually benefitting effects." NK can create strategic diversions,
challenges, and deterrence through the threat of development and/or use of its WMD/missile
program. NK can use missile threats on US territories to provoke offensive ... Show more content on
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Contrary to the US, NK would not be impacted by the loss of GPS. NK uses GLONASS (Russia) or
Beidou (Chinese) positioning systems, which could pose as a jamming and or hacking challenge for
the US. Because of the US's military desiring to have interoperability between US military
equipment and personnel, fighting in a hybrid threat environment could be an issue, due to
connectivity issues. NK's most effective time for conducting cyber–attack operations would be
during an American offensive into NK. This would allow NK's military to execute an element of
surprise against the US's CF. NK's effectiveness of executing missile test and cyber–attacks,
operationally combined with NK's money counterfeit and laundering activities is a threat to the US's
financial and security infrastructures. Given 10 years unchecked, NK's global money counterfeit and
laundering activities have the potential of making US sanctions against missile proliferation
irrelevant. Reporting indicates that "NK is the only government in the world known to run a
counterfeit money operation as a matter of state policy."9 SK's intelligence analysts report that

The Use Of The Armed Forces Is Determined By National...
The use of the armed forces is determined by national military strategy. An important role in the
implementation of the national military strategy in U.S. played airpower. The versatility, speed,
range, high maneuverability, and advanced technology are the distinctive proprieties of operational
and strategic airpower. Over the past 70 years, the entire notion about airpower has met a massive
change in modern warfare. Airpower has evolved into a fighting force with the same rights as other
branches of military power. Even more, the airpower demonstrate during the regional wars since the
beginning 1960 that it became an essential element in planning and conducting a military operation
in order to achieve political objective with minimum loss of human life, and with maximum
effectiveness. Since the beginning of the 1960s, the effectiveness of airpower in military operations
became unquestionable because of its ability to deliver reconnaissance data that is essential for
preparation of battlefield, using high technological munitions that increased accuracy and firepower,
and its airlift capability for rapid project of military power and maintaining the combat readiness in
any corner of the globe.
One of distinction of airpower mission in which it shows high effectiveness is to prepare the
battlefield for future operations that could consist in further action of ground and navy forces in
order to obtain the proposed outcome. One of the main requirements for preparing the

The Lockheed Martin C 130j Super Hercules
As it approaches its second decade of employment, the Lockheed Martin C–130J Super Hercules
has secured its place as an integral part of aviation units around the globe. With a diverse range of
variants, each serving a specialized role, the C–130J Super Hercules's presence in the United States
Marine Corps flies in the form of the KC–130J Super Hercules tanker modification. The
specifications of the KC–130J tanker and its participation in the missions of the United States
Marine Corps will be primary focus of this report. The operational and developmental history, as
well as the immediate future of this platform will be assessed, followed by a detailed inventory and
discussion on the offensive armaments and self–defense mechanizations ... Show more content on
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Dating back to the introduction of the original Hercules in 1954, Lockheed Martin has persistently
continued to demonstrate perpetual enhancements to the performance of the most veteran line of
aircraft platforms in martial history and the transition from the KC–130F to the KC–130J was no
exception. The enhancements to its avionics systems, engines, and the addition of the Harvest
HAWK weapons kit in 2010 has produced a state–of–the–art platform appropriate for modern day
operations. The KC–130J's improvements in speed, efficiency, and overall combat readiness were
demonstrated in the aircraft's participation in many missions undertaken by Marine aviation. Its first
deployment took place in February 2005 with the Marine Aerial Transport Squadron 252 to Al Asad,
Iraq in continued support of Operation Iraqi Freedom by conducting aerial refueling and aerial
deliveries (Oki, 16). The Harvest HAWK weapons system was first put to the test by KC–130Js
deployed with Marine Aerial Transport Squadron 352 in 2010, ordered to provide support for
ground Marines in Sangin, Afghanistan (Flurry, "Marine Corps Teaches Old Plane New Tricks in
Afghanistan"). The KC–130J also played an important role in the operation, Odyssey Dawn as a
part of a pilot rescue mission (Lamothe,

Observer Fires Essay
FM 3–09.30
Final Draft
CRC
Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Observed Fire and Fire Support at Battalion Task Force and
Below
FINAL DRAFT
31 May 2001
FM 3–09.30 (6–30) Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Observed Fire and Fire Support at
Battalion Task Force and Below
DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
ARMY
HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
Preface
The purpose of this field manual (FM) is to provide a source for the most current essential
information about fire support at the battalion task force and company team levels and discuss the
technical, operational, and organizational aspects of observed fire procedures. The doctrinal
foundations for this ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Distribution is unlimited. ________ *This publication supersedes FM 6–20–20, 27 December 1991
and FM 6–30, 16 July 1991
i
FM 3–09.30 (6–30) FINAL DRAFT
____________________________________________________________
__

Chapter 3
COMPANY TEAM FIRE SUPPORT......................................................................... 3–1 Fire Support
Team .................................................................................................... 3–1 Preparation for
Operations........................................................................................ 3–5 Vehicle Employment
Options.................................................................................... 3–7 Observation
Posts..................................................................................................... 3–8 Company Team Fire
Support Planning Using the Troop Leading Procedures ...... 3–10 Required Products

American Deception Case Study
Serbian Deception: NATO and US Air War
In the exploration of the art and craft of Deception and Denial operations, there have been many
times where a low tech force has been able to overcome a force that has more technology. In the US
and NATO air war during Operation Allied Force, the use of air power was countered by the Serbs
through deceptions seen in the past. In this paper, the exploration of the use of these techniques as
well as the background of their use will be shown. The use of their low tech D&D techniques will
be shown and the lead up to the Air War. In 1999 the US and the NATO campaign of Operation
Allied Force was started in order to force Serbs to remove from Kosovo, as well as quell their
aggression from Mar 24 1999 to June ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many of the sorties initially had a low flight rate, with 50% being cancelled during the first portion
of the campaign due to the weather being too bad. The bad weather plus the high altitude led the
crew not being able to either fully engage the targets or not engaging period due to the target being
concealed or being unable to visually confirm the target due to the weather. (Strategic Comments, 1)
In the use of NATO aircraft, the weather was a large impact to their guidance systems that
ultimately led to many of the potentially good targets to slip while all of the decoys being engaged.
(Strategic Comments, 2)With little or no ability to detect these decoys and deception used from the
media outlets by the Serbs, the Serbs were able to employ an age old countermeasure to defend their
weapon systems and their intentions, while being able to manipulate the actions of their enemies.
Within the future context of Air War's and utilizing air power solely without ground forces could
lead to a similar instance where the enemy is able to use the bias and preconceived ideas against
their target. The Serbs had the ability to use their actions against them, with the fear of losing
aircraft from the SAMs that were potentially on ground made the aircraft stay high in order to stay
out of range of the SAM's. With this the Serbs were able to ensure that the

The American Interests At Risk
Threat Assessment Analysis
The American interests at risk
Since the post–occupational period of Japan in 1952, United States troops and military bases
throughout the Okinawa Prefecture, and parts of mainland Japan, have been essential to assure
peace and stability within Japan as well as East–Asia. Located in the East China Sea,
Okinawa Prefecture is Japan's southernmost prefecture, comprised of 160 islands of which 50 are
inhabited by ~1.5 million residents. The island of Okinawa is 68 miles long and 19 miles wide.
The geostrategic location of Okinawa makes it the favored location to stage United States military
bases to reassure Japanese security as well as provide a platform for United States force projection
in Asia. Located ~454 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Intent
Over the last decade, the People's Republic of China have taken an aggressive military approach to
reclaim the Senkaku Islands from the Japanese.
In 1971, the PRC claimed the Senkaku Islands, colloquially known in China as the Diaoyus,
In 2003, Chinese officials initiated a territorial dispute with the Japanese government questioning
the sovereignty over the Ryukyu Islands. The territorial dispute was first announced in the
communist party newspaper, the People's Daily, where Li Guoqiang and Zhang Haipeng, prominent
academics at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, challenged the Japanese sovereignty over the
Ryukyu Islands, most notably Okinawa. Specifically, Guoqiang and Haipeng argued that the
Ryukyu Islands had previously been a Chinese vassal state, that had been conquered by the Japanese
Empire due to the Qing Dynasty's inferior military capabilities and are therefore the inherent
territory of the PRC. Similarly, this sentiment was echoed by Luo Yuan, a Lieutenant General in the
People's Liberation Army, stating that the Ryukyu Kingdom had paid tribute to the Chinese empire
in 1372, half a millennium before they were annexed by the Japanese government.
In 2016, the People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) announced that it would organize regular
exercises throughout the western Pacific, including the Ryukyu

The War in Vietnam Essay
The United States would enter the Vietnam War, in which the tactics of the enemy would not be
familiar to them. Guerilla warfare became a problem for the allied forces and then the US would
introduce aircraft into the war. The role of airpower changed operations for the US and showed their
air supremacy. Even with all the success in the air that the US and South Vietnam had, this would
not be enough to win the war.
The war in Vietnam was fought from 1954 through 1975, between the communist North Vietnamese
with the help of the National Liberation Front as known as Viet Cong or guerillas against the South
Vietnamese and American troops. The war was a brutal one for American troops, due to the inability
to maneuver freely through the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ground forces had help from the air, since nearly 75 percent of the sorties were in support of them.
Also the During a six month period, the allied forces would fly over 15,000 sorties, while dropping
over 14,000 tons of bombs on targets in North Vietnam, in order to take out their "primary lines of
communication and military facilities." Also the United States would be using airpower to fight
against guerilla warfare and this would be difficult knowing that the enemy would use the jungle as
a sanctuary. The Viet Cong ability to conduct raids and ambushes would be hindered after the
United States would use aircrafts to spray industrial weed killer, in order to destroy the Viet Cong's
ability to hide in trees and brush. The effects of the defoliation tactic caused havoc on the Viet
Cong's operation and morale. The Viet Cong was believed to not be able to overrun or defeat the
South Vietnamese government, due to the use of airpower and other tactics. Over 120 light
observation planes, as known as Forward Air Controllers were used to track the Viet Cong
throughout South Vietnam. Also they were used to facilitate jets and bombers to the necessary
location for "direct and controlled airstrikes." Minimal government villages or outpost were taken
by the Viet Cong, since the "airpower could thus be directed against the attackers." Another plane
that was effective was the B–52 bombers and they were able "to increasing degree against widely
deployed Viet

Baqubah Battle Analysis
The Battle of Baqubah: Army Intelligence Failures By: SFC Stuart C. Fowler July 15, 2015 Abstract
The purpose for writing this paper is to define the Battle of Baqubah in Operation Arrowhead
Ripper. Within an eight year conflict in Iraq, its known that 3rd Brigade (BDE), 2nd Infantry (INF)
Division (DIV) had dropped more ordnance than any other DIV in IRAQ. This will also depict the
bad Intelligence (INTEL) that was given to the maneuver Battalion (BN) on the size of the al–Qaeda
(AQI) in Baqubah. The lack of Intel halted the maneuver BN's operations until the maneuver BDE
plus reinforced the maneuver BN. The purpose of this battle analysis is to discuss how Army
Intelligence failed to give adequate size ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Brigade Headquarters brought 1–23 Infantry, C–52nd Infantry, and the 18th Engineer Company
with it and also gained control of 1–12 Cavalry and a company each from the 3rd Brigade, 82d
Airborne Division and the 2d Brigade, 25th Infantry Division. Several weeks later, Task Force
Regulars commenced Operation Regular Ripper, the last major combat operation of the deployment.
The main focus of the operation was to secure the Old Baqubah neighborhood and provide
momentum for the unit that would assume control of eastern Baqubah as the Battalion readied for
redeployment. The operations brought many improvements in infrastructure and security for the
people of Old Baqubah and kept the enemy on the run. Later on GEN Patraeus and LTG Odierno
personally tracked and recognized the accomplishments of the "Sykes' Regulars". The Officers,
NCO's, and Soldiers of Task Force 5–20 IN of all the accomplishments that they had done. Utilizing
all assets that was given made the mission a success

An Analysis Of The Proportionality Of War Essay
Nick Smith Mr. Britton War & Peace H 18 October 2016 An Analysis of Proportionality In War
There is something rather odd in the way America has come to fight its wars since World War II. It's
unimaginable that we would now use anything even remotely approaching the full measure of our
military power (aside from the nuclear option) in the wars we fight. This seems only reasonable
given the relative weakness of our Third World enemies in Vietnam and the Middle East. But the
fact is that we were forced to take our soldiers out of Vietnam because we had lost, and today,
despite our vast power, we are only slogging along in the Middle East against a hit–and–run
organization that we seem unable to stop. Yet no one, including, very likely, the insurgents
themselves, believes that America lacks the raw power to defeat this insurgency if it wants to. So
clearly America has adopted and has an accurate sense of proportionality. Now, proportionality in
war is defined as "To judge first, the lawfulness in jus ad bellum of the strategic goals in the use of
force for self–defense, and second, the lawfulness in jus in bello of any armed attack that causes
civilian casualties." (Fischer) America has very obviously become a very strong military power
since the start of the 20th century. We fought wars to win, back then, we justified the means with the
end result. Mustard gas, napalm, the nuclear bombs, all used to win the wars at any cost. Since
Vietnam however, the U.S. hasn't actively

Essay On Ethics In War
Technologies and Ethics in War Technologies of Precision Guided Munitions have been put forward
by some scholars and government as ethical solutions the challenges of killing non–combatants in
military operations. USA Presidents Bush and Obama both praised these technologies as having
reduced significantly the number of casualties. Professor Maja Zehfuss (2011: PP543–556) critique
of targeting with Precision Munitions raises several issues that question the confidence placed in the
technologies to reduce casualties of military action. These technologies of targeting with Precision
Guided Munitions (PGMs) have the potentials of helping to conduct "ethical wars" by enforcing
non–combatants immunity. Zehfuss refers to several scholars who ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
As Michael J Boyle (2013) noted, many of the drones ordered by President Obama were run by the
CIA with little or no congressional oversight. Indeed, President Obama in his first term landed more
than six times as many drones as President Bush did throughout his eight years in the office (Boyle
2013). Rather than degrade the insurgency in countries such as Pakistan, Boyles( 2013) argues that
the use of drones and other targeting technologies have the Pakistani government an "uncredible
competitor" for the loyalty of the citizens. The logic that drones target only "militants" or
combatants and do not affect other citizens, he believes is not factual. According to him "while
drones terrify their intended target innocent villagers are also termed of being in the wrong place at
the wrong time ". The greatest danger, however is in the global race for drone technology. Michael
Mayer (2015) states that one potential benefit of the reliance on machines is that military operations
don't have to place personnel in harms may. This, of course, he continues could increase the
"temptation to use military force against opponents with less substantial air defences". The
improvement of technologies especially the creation of Lethal Autonomous Weapons (LAWS) also
raise further ethical questions. Michael C. Horowitz (2016) raise several

Way Of War
Warfare is a relentless pursuit to gain an edge on the opponent and defeat him as quickly as possible
and minimize your own losses. The new American way of war uses massive firepower, excels in
advanced technology, and pursues total victory. Backed by U.S. mighty military power, the new
American way of war has put on impressive shows in wars in Iraq, the former Yugoslavia, and
Afghanistan. The new American way of war is faster in maneuver, armed with sharper precision
firepower, and advanced command and control. This new American way of war, according to Max
Boot, avoids the traditional, industrial–age necessity of overwhelming force in favor of maneuver,
flexibility, and speed, all empowered by greater use of C4ISR, smart munitions, special ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During Operation Desert Storm, it became evident to the world that there was a new American way
of war and it was arguably a new revolution in military warfare. First, it was the speed in which
entire divisions could move so fast they consistently outmaneuvered the enemy. The speed and
mobility in which the US military drove into the heart of enemy lines put the Blitzkrieg to shame.
Complete air–superiority gave US commanders total command and control of the airspace and
denied the Iraqi's the ability to conduct their own ISR. Second, it was the new technological
advancements in night–vision and thermal imaging that gave the US military the ability to truly
"own the night." Night vision and thermal imaging enabled tank commanders to see the heat
signatures of Iraqi tanks hiding the desert in the middle of the night and kill them. The latest
generation electro–optics attached to sniper scopes, helicopters, and special forces troops took the
battle into the night to a level previously unseen in the history of warfare. In addition, advancements
in global positioning systems for navigation, location tracking, and precision guided munitions.
Never before has there been the ability of a military to drop bombs sometimes miles away and be
remotely guided to their target with precise lethality. Enemy government buildings

Operation Noble Anvil Case Study
Tactical and Technological Changes created by Operation Noble Anvil/Allied Force
"The NATO bombing of Yugoslavia is the military operation against the Federal Republic of
Yugoslavia during the Kosovo War. It was the first time that NATO used military force without the
approval of the UN Security Council." The air strikes lasted from March 24, 1999 to June 10, 1999.
The NATO operation code name was Operation Allied Force; the United States called it Operation
Noble Anvil. "The 1999 bombings led to the withdrawal of Yugoslav forces from Kosovo and the
establishment of UNMIK, a U.N. mission in Kosovo."
The bombing killed between 480 and 530 civilians, destroyed many bridges, industrial areas,
civilian political buildings, public buildings, businesses, and military installations.
Background
"Kosovo, an autonomous region in Yugoslavia, was faced with Serbian ethnic and Yugoslavian state
sponsored oppression. Kosovar Albanians were fired in large numbers from government enterprises
and institutions, including banks, hospitals, and schools."
Eventually, Kosovar Albanians felt compelled to starting a low–intensity insurgency against
Belgrade, the Yugoslavian capital, because of the oppression, some ethnic Albanian Kosovars
formed, or directly supported the Kosovo ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"The B–2 saw its first successful combat role in Operation Noble Anvil/Allied Force, all while
striking from its home bases in the continental United States." The B–2 was the only U.S. aircraft
that was able to combine long range (6,000 nautical miles unrefueled), and stealth in a single
platform. The B–2 Bomber's range had allowed NATO to launch sorties from many different
locations. This ability to launch, with stealth capabilities, offers distinct advantages in air
superiority. The ability of the stealth technology to mask the B–2 on radar ensured that the
Yugoslavian forces were not able to detect or, deter the

U.S. Maritime Strategic Operations

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