MINERAL METABOLISM

2.  MINERALS ARE ESSENTIAL FOR THE NORMAL GROWTH
AND MAINTANCE OF THE BODY.
 DAILY REQUIREMENT - >100 mg {MAJOR ELEMENTS
/MACRO MINERALS }
 < 100 mg { MICRO MINERALS OR TRACE ELEMENTS}
 MINERALS NECESSARY BUT EXACT FUNCTION UNKNOWN
–Cr, Ni , Li , Ba
 Nonessential –Rb, Ag , Au , Bi
 Toxic –Al , Pb , Cd, Hg

3. CALCIUM
 TOATL CALCIUM IN HUMAN BODY IS ABOUT 1- 1.5 Kg
 99 % SEEN IN BONES AND 1% IN EXTRACELLULAR FLUID
SOURCES
 MILK – GOOD SOURCE { COW MILK CONTAINS – 100
mg/100ml OF Ca}
 EGG , FISH AND VEGETABLES ARE MEDIUM SOURCE
 CEREALS ( WHEAT AND RICE ) CONTAIN ONLY SMALL
CONTENT OF Ca BUT MAJOR SOURCE OF Ca IN INDIAN
DIET

4.  DAILY REQUIREMENT OF CALCIUM
 ADULTS – 500 mg PER DAY
 CHILD – 1200 mg PER DAY
 DURING PREGNANCY AND LACATION- 1500 mg PER DAY
 AFTER AGE OF 50 GENERAL TENDENCY OF OSTEOPOROSIS
WHICH CAN BE PREVENTED BY INCREASED Ca INTAKE OF
1500 mg / DAY + VITAMIN D
 ABSORPTION
 TAKES PLACE IN 1ST AND 2ND PART OF DUODENUM
 ABSORBED AGAINST CONCENTRATION GRADIENT AND
REQUIRES ENERGY
 REQUIRES A CARRIER PROTIEN HELPED BY CALCIUM –
DEPENDENT ATPase.

5. FACTORS CAUSING INCREASED ABSORPTION
1. VITAMIN D : CALCITRIOL
2. PARATHYROID HORMONE
3. ACIDITY
4. AMINO ACID – {LYSINE AND ARGININE }
FACTORS CAUSING DECREASEDABSORPTION
1. PHYTIC ACID – HEXAPHOSPHATE OF INOSITOL IS PRESENT IN
CEREALS , FERMENTATION AND COOKING REDUCE PHYTATE
CONTENT
2. OXALATES – PRESENT IN LEAFY VEGETABLES , CAUSES
FORMATION OF INSOLUBLE CALCIUM OXALATES
3. MALABSORPTION SYDROMES – FATTY ACID NOT ABSORBED ,
CAUSING FORMATION OF INSOLUBLE CALCIM SALT OF FATTY
ACID
4. PHOSPATE- PRECIPITATION AS CALCIUM PHOSPHATE . RATIO-
1:2-2:1 [MILK CONTAINS THIS RATIO ]