Acid-base balance through different mechanisms inside the body

1. Physiological Acid-Base Balance

2. Acid-Base Balance
 Normal pH: 7.35-7.45
Acidosis
Physiological state resulting from abnormally low
plasma pH
 Alkalosis
Physiological state resulting from abnormally high
plasma pH
Acidemia: plasma pH <7.35
Alkalemia: plasma pH >7.45

3. Maintenance of Acid-Base Balance
1. Buffer Systems:
• Carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system
• Phasphate Buffer System
• Protein(Hb) Buffer System
 2. Elimination of some ions through kidney
 3. Through the respiratory system

5. Carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system

9. Elimination of some ions through
Urine
• Most effective regulator of pH
• The pH of Urine is normally acidic( near 6.0)
- Hydrogen ions generated in the body are
eliminated by acidified urine
• Can eliminate large amount of acid
• Reabsorption of bicarbonate
• Excretion of ammonium ions
• If kidney fails, pH balance fails.

10. Elimination of some ions through
Urine

11. Balance through respiratory centre