easy way to see slides of histopathology

2. i. Hydropic change or vacuolar degeneration appears
whenever cells are incapable of maintaining ionic and
fluid homeostasis.
ii. The first manifestation of almost all forms of cell injury.
iii. Accumulation of water within the cells.
iv. It is one of the early signs of cellular degeneration in
response it is reversible injury

3.  Pallor,
 increased turgor,
 increased in weight.

4.  Cell swelling, cytoplasm contains coarse granules.
 Nucleus not affected in light microscopy..
 Pigmented cast, hyaline cast.
 Other
 The first manifestation of cell injury and is reversible.
 Increasing hydration of the cell due to alteration in ion
transport at cell membrane.

6. Cloudy swelling of the tubules (left two third) and normal tubules (right third).

7.  Intra cellular accumulations triglycerides and other fats in
the liver cells in abnormal amounts may occur within the
cytoplasm of cells under various conditions.
 It produces cell injury.
 It may be constituents of normal metabolism produced in
excess----fatty change (steatosis) .

8. Causes : 1. alcohol abuse
2. protein malnutrition
3. obesity
4. DM
5. anoxia
6. various toxins (ether , choloroform , carbon
tetra chloride .)

9.  Enlarged liver heavy
 Soft in consistency
 Yellow and greasy

10.  Many of the hepatocytes are distended with large fat vacuoles
pushing the nucleus to the periphery (macrovesicles).
 Others show multiple small vacuoles in the cytoplasm
(microvesicles).
 Fat in the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes is seen as clear area.
 Special stain such as Sudan III, Sudan IV, Sudan black and Oil red
O can be employed to demonstrate fat in the tissue.

13.  Most common tumor in women.
 Benign smooth muscle neoplasm
that may occur singly or are multiple.

14. Whatever their size the characteristic whorled pattern
of smooth muscle bundles seen .
Large tumors may develop areas of yellow brown to
red softening(red degeneration).

15.  Graywhite in colour.
 Small nodules to massive tumors that fills the pelvis.
 Sharply circumscribed, discrete, round, firm.
 Mostly found in myometrium of corpus.
 Infrequently involves uterine ligament, lower uterine
segment or cervix.

16. According to location :
In myometrium (intramural)
Just beneath endometrium(submucosal)
serosa(subserosal).

17.  Shows whorls of smooth muscle cells which are spindle-
shaped, having abundant cytoplasm and oval nuclei and
mixed with fibrous tissue.
 The hyaline material appears homogeneous, pink and
glassy.