obesity and cvd is a burning topic of todays time , million of people suffer from this worldwide, due to lifestyle and bad food habits . In this ppt it is shown that how probiotic help in preventing obesity and cvd with mechanisms and their clinical study data and product available in market

1. Presented by:
Upma Verma
PhD 2nd yr.
EFFECT OF PROBIOTICS IN OBESITY AND CVD

2. DISEASES DUE TO OBESITY

3. Types of obesity

4. Body mass index

5. Hormones responsible for obesity

7. Bacterial community in individuals
Andoh et al ,. 2015

8. Antimicrobial
activity
Colonization
resistance
Immune effects
Adjuvant effect
Cytokine
expression
Stimulation of
phagocytosis by
peripheral blood
leucocytes
Secretory IgA
Antimutagenic
effects
Antigenotoxic
effects
Influence on
enzyme activity
Enzyme delivery
Mechanisms for probiotic functionality

9. Mechanism of Probiotic in prevention of obesity
FXR - Farnesoid X receptor ; TβMCA- tauro –β-muricholic acid
FGF15- fibroblast growth factor ;CYP7A1- cholesterol 7 – alpha-hydroxylase
GPR43 – g protein receptor

10. Meta analysis

11. Mazloom et al ., 2019
Meta analysis

12. Mazloom et al ., 2019

13. Study showing variations of blood lipid concentration in probiotic and control
Yen et al ., 2019

15. • FMT is a safe
therapeutic option that
has the potential to alter
the hosts gut microbiota
and possibly alleviate
metabolic dysregulation.
• However, the
uncertainty of the
viability of FMT in
treating obesity
necessitates the need
for further studies and
controlled clinical trials .

16. Products available in market

18. Coronary heart disease (CHD)
Peripheral arterial disease
Cerebrovascular disease
Rheumatic heart disease
Deep vein thrombosis
Congenital heart disease
Pulmonary embolism
Cardio vascular disease

19. CVD
Blood
pressure
Diabetes
Imbalance in
the oxidative
processes
Inflammation
markers
High levels of
plasma lipid
conc.
Obesity
Risk Factors Contributing To CVD
Cardiovascular
disease (CVD),
responsible for an
estimated 16.7
million deaths
worldwide, is the
leading cause of
global mortality
and morbidity

20. Dizziness
Impairment of balance
Aphasia (difficulty speaking)
Loss of vision
Paresis (weakness)
Transient visual loss in one eye
Chest pain
Signs and symptoms

21. Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance that's found in all cells of the body
Our body needs some cholesterol to make hormones, vitamin D, and substances
that help us to digest foods

24. Romano et al., 2015
Choline is a water-soluble nutrient essential
for human life
Gut microbial metabolism of choline results in
the production of trimethylamine (TMA)
Once TMA is absorbed by the host, it is further
metabolized by flavin monooxygenases 1 and
3 (FMO1 and FMO3) in the host liver to
generate trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO)
Gut microbiota and CVD

25. Romano et al., 2015
Human studies have established that the levels of TMAO in
serum are positively correlated with impaired renal function,
colorectal cancer, and cardiovascular disease (CVD)
TMAO exacerbates atherosclerosis in a genetic knockout
mouse model, in part by promoting forward cholesterol transport
and by inhibiting reverse cholesterol transport
TMAO exacerbates impaired glucose tolerance, obstructs
hepatic insulin signaling, and promotes adipose tissue
inflammation of mice maintained on a high-fat high-sugar
diet

26. Role of probiotics in CVD
Probiotic bacteria
have been investigated
for their clinical
efficacy in lowering
LDL-C by
consumption of yogurt
enriched with
Lactobacillus
acidophilus
BSH activity of
selected probiotic
bacteria is associated
with probiotic
cholesterol-lowering
properties in
preclinical and clinical
trials
Probiotics influencing
bile acid binding of
FXR and decreased
inward cholesterol
transport through
ABCG5/G8 and/or
NPC1L1

27. Bile Salt Hydrolase Activity
BSH activity is responsible for the
deconjugation
of bile acids.
Hydrolysis of the amide bond of the
conjugated
bile acid and liberation of the
glycine/taurine moiety from the
steroid core
Microbiota has been shown as responsible for the elimination of sterols, with
the intestinal flora promoting cholesterol catabolism in conventional, as
compared to germ-free animals

28. Action of Probiotics On Bile Salt Biosynthesis
FXR - Farnesoid X receptor
FGF 15/19 – fibroblast growth
factor
CYP7A1- cholesterol 7 – alpha-
hydroxylase
GCA- glycol cholic acid
GCDCA- glycol
chenodeoxycholic acid
hBAT - human bile acid–CoA:
amino acid N-acyltransferase
TCA-tricarboxylic acid TCDCA -
tauro chenodeoxycholic acid
Joyce et al ,. 2015

29. Action of probiotic in preventing atherosclerosis

30. Meta analysis

31. Rui Mo et al ., 2018
Effect of probiotic on hypercholesteraemic adults : characteristic for trial

32. Rui Mo et al ., 2018
Effect of probiotic on TC and LDL-C

33. Products available in market

34. Conclusion
for obesity
Most prominent effect of probiotic on
host metabolism from human studies
are reported basically for
Lactobacillus gasseri (LG2055) ,
Lactobacillus plantarum A7
Meta-analysis found that probiotic
supplementation could improve lipid
metabolism, particularly by reducing
TC and LDL concentration in obese or
overweight people.
FMT needs further validation for
confirming its efficacy to treat obesity
Conclusion
for CVD
probiotic products are effective in
lowering TC and LDL-C levels and
that the effect would be more
beneficial in mildly
hypercholesterolaemic patients and in
long-term intervention.
6 week long probiotic intervention
was statistically more effective in
decreasing TC and LDL-C than short-
term (<6- week) intervention
Strains of L. acidophilus, L.
plantarum, and L. reuteri significantly
decreased serum TC. L. plantarum
and L. helveticus significantly
reduced serum LDL-C.