1. Cognitive theories
• Associative learning
Computational theory of learning (ACT) by Anderson, the analogy is based on
mind-computer and has three steps:
First you know the information and the organization, then compiled and
eventually adapt and generate new knowledge.
• Schema theory
This learning occurs through schemes such as the name implies. They do not
give the definition; concepts are just joined together and properly arranged so
that it is understandable.
There are 3 types of learning:
The first is growth that occurs when you add new knowledge to expand the
information already had.
Second is to set this initial schema is modified.
Third and last is the restructuring. New schemes are developed from the
original and making changes.
• Restructuring learning
Learning theory of Piaget's equilibration
This learning is accomplished into construct this knowledge and after a conflict,
this means that there must be an accommodation of the existing data with new.
This is not to repeat and copy the information; here you have to give meaning to
the new information.

2. • Discovery learning
In this theory, students must discover their own knowledge in an active
teaching-learning
• Teacher is a facilitator
• You need a proper and timely use of the material
• Prior knowledge
• Vygotsky’s theory
The student must receive inputs from the teacher and he will have to
accommodate to transform them and give them a meaning.
This learning is when there is a new data without knowing that it really is, but to
get to know more we will understand to finally acquire real meaning.
This is generated through teamwork.
Reception learning by Ausubel
Characteristics :
• The teacher to present the class is important to many examples to the
topic clearly.
• The student’s role.- solving problems or recognize examples
• Use of materials
• The knowledge can be applied in the future
• Knowledge transfer
• The teacher is the mediator
• Students are active
Socio-cultural paradigm

3. Theory proposed by Vigotsky
Here the role of the student is active in this way create their own knowledge.
There are two types of learning the broad sense (development) and the narrow
sense (learning data and information) and these two have to be in a balance so
that there is a learning process, in investigations they found that subjects more
progress are those that already have road trip is said to have prior knowledge.
• source: Dra. Magallanes Pérez Elisa, Paradigmas y Enfoques Educativos Tercer Ciclo.