The document discusses how information seeking has evolved from simple lookups to a learning process. It presents a hierarchy showing how lookup transitions to learn, then investigate. Each stage of the learning process like selection, exploration and formulation presents opportunities to help users. The conclusion emphasizes that lookup is just one dimension and search systems should help users explore, re-find, organize, compare, annotate, monitor and collaborate at each step of learning.
4. "The query is satis ed not by a single nal
retrieved set, but by a series of selections of
individual references and bits of information
at each stage of the ever-modifying search."
– Marcia Bates
35. Lookup is only one dimension of search
Learning & investigating are long-term activities
Each step of the learning process has its own set
of challenges & opportunities
Help users explore, re- nd, organise, compare,
annotate, monitor, and collaborate.
36. ✴ Gary Marchionini, Exploratory Search: From
Finding to Understanding, 2006
✴ Carol C. Kuhlthau, Inside the Search Process:
Information Seeking from the User’s
Perspective, 1991
✴ Ann Blandford and Simon Att eld, Interacting
with Information, 2010
✴ Marcia Bates, The Design of Browsing and
Berrypicking Techniques for the Online Search
Interface, 1989
37. From Lookup to Learning
by Tyler Tate, TwigKit
photo by Peter Kaminski