Ontology Of Man, Seen By Different Philosophers

Ontology of Man, Seen by Different Philosophers
The philosophy of man is an intricate and multidimensional
system involving complex problems rationalized by theoretical ideals.
In writing the Oration on the Dignity of Man, Giovanni Pico della
Mirandola approaches this study universally, wherein, humanism and the
worth and dignity of the populace is affirmed. Saint Augustine's
Confessions attempts to explain the truth and philosophies of man, but
does so with a different approach, referring to man as a product of
society self–consciously misdirected by his soul. These philosophies
share some similarities while also differing from one another; however,
both share a common purpose: to explain the philosophy of man. This
essay will proceed to juxtapose and integrate the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Pico Della Mirandola is fortunate in that he is living in an era
that gives him the ability to bridge the past to the future with the
help of Guttenburg and Press. Previously, books were scarce, but the
discovery and establishment of the printing of these books created the
ability for information to be transferred and shared in Europe (History of Printing). This different
approach granted an abundance and variety of information and finally allowed these citizens to be
able to think and believe in what they chose. What is most important here is that people of
demographics, wealth, ethnicity and gender were given access to the same material. One can
measure the gradual increase to the citizen's access of knowledge parallel to the rising popularity of
humanism. These opportunities created an accord of optimism. Unlike

Saint Augustine, Pico was able to expand beyond theology simply due to
his access to a greater vat of texts and historical events.
Each philosopher has a varying approach to theology, but both
are based on the belief of Christianity. However, where Augustine
believes in the falling of Adam and Eve (where Adam was the one who
committed the original sin), Pico illustrates that one will "fashion
[one]self to [a] form [one would] prefer"(10, Oration). He declares that Adam, in fact, did not create
sin and it was simply his free
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Classical Music: The Life Of Beethoven
The Life of Beethoven When someone thinks of classical music, one name often stands out among
the rest: Beethoven. Ludwig Van Beethoven is often referred to as one of the greatest composers and
pianists of all time. He grew up in and around music. He was active between the Classical and
Romantic musical eras. His piano work was performed on many different, but as his instruments
improved, his playing and composition did as well. His most important pieces were the works he
composed within the last ten years of his life, during which he went deaf (A&E Networks
Television). Beethoven was involved with music starting at a very young age. His father put a lot of
time into his musical teachings. His father hoped to sculpt a child prodigy, much like

Human Nature, By Jean Jacques Rousseau And Thomas Hobbes
The notion of human nature has always been historically debated. Explores, philosophers, and
writers have always come to argue on what is considered to be barbarism, savagery, and civilized.
These constructed categories have put a label on people who do not share the same ideas as one
another. These different views of human nature have come to propel change and have come to
revolutionized human history. Jean–Jacques Rousseau, Michel de Montaigne, and Thomas Hobbes
all differ on their ideas of human nature, but they also share common ground. For some of these
men the practices of different cultures are categorized as savagery, and for others it has been viewed
as noble savagery. Their ideas however have allowed society to view different perspectives of
human nature. These perspectives have classified human nature as a way of life, or as an obstacle to
what is consider to be the good life. Their ethnographic resources provide a glimpse to all the
different cultures and their value to society and history.
Cannibalism in many Western societies is usually frown upon or illegal; however, for a tribe located
in Antarctic France which is now known as Brazil, cannibalism is considered to be a norm. For
many Western thinkers this cultural practice of cannibalism would be an act of savagery, but for
Michel de Montaigne this cultural practice is categorized as noble savagery. Montaigne reverses the
egocentric belief in the superiority of western culture in his work "Of Cannibals." His

Who Is Pierre Bourdieu Define High Status Culture?
Pierre Bourdieu was interested in how elites reproduced themselves from one generation to the next.
High–status culture emphasizes classical art, music, dance, etc. Bourdieu defined high cultural
knowledge that ultimately redounds to the social advantage . To make his words strong enough I
made my own research in one of the classical example that can prove the cultural gap between
population of people in different society level.
For example, on particular piece of music we can draw some conclusions. During the semester in
class I learnt musical composition written by Franz Shubert, "Der Leiermann". This music is
performed in German language and was dated in early nineteenth century during the Romantic
period . This composition and music in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Started with the hall I saw completely opposite class of people. In way of how they dressed, manner
of speech and way how people way acted at New York Philharmonics gave me the idea of this
cultural gap that Bourdieu was mentioned. By the appearance of the audience I could determine
about where people working. By their etiquette I could guess educational status. Of course it can be
very subjective information, but it how it is looks like from first at the first glance. When Bourdieu
high cultural ultimately rebounds as one of the social advantage I think that good example can be
"dress for success". That the cultural knowledge can pay off. "Café Wha?" compare to New York
Philharmonic, jeans to business suit, compare associate degree to bachelor or masters, pop and R&B
compare to western classical music. Another interesting similarity can be a work of Henri Bergson
about time and music. how time is different for people when they are doing their favorite activity
and how long can be the same our spending on something hated. Bergson contrasts his experienced
time with the conceived as external to us. Coming back to Shubert's "Der Leiermann" we can use
this theory in

Socrates, Plato, And Aristotle : The Age Of Philosophy
Ancient Greece is known as the time of philosophers, with many of the world's most influential
philosophers and theologians being of this time. What sets Ancient Greek philosophers apart is that
most of their philosophers learned under the same man and they directly interacted, either
confirming or contradicting each other face to face. They were all taught by each other in a direct
chain of ideas, leading to a kind of evolution that lead to many strong and tested ideas that spread
throughout all of Europe, many of which still survive today. The cultural efflorescence of Ancient
Greek theology is due to the evolution of ideas throughout the philosophers Socrates, Plato, and
Aristotle. Out of all of these philosophers, one stands out as the origin of Greek philosophy, often
being called the father of philosophy itself. Socrates is one of the most famous philosophers of all
time, both because of his own work and the fact that he directly taught many other great
philosophers, including Plato and Antisthenes, the founder of cynicism. He developed a
revolutionary method of teaching that made him famous throughout all of Ancient Greece and still
survives today, named the Socratic Method. This style of was framed around questions rather than
answers, and students were taught to question all information given to them and to reach
conclusions entirely on their own. It was not uncommon for Socrates to ask questions on subjects he
knew nothing about, such as astronomy and foreign

Herakles And Athena Attic Analysis
The piece of art that I selected was Herakles and Athena Attic Red Figure made during 490–470 BC,
during the Greek Archaic Period which is from 800–479 BC. Therefore, the art arose during the
Late Archaic Time Period and Greeks started to shift more to the Classical Period. During the
Archaic Period, there was a vast change in Greek language, society, art, architecture, and politics
due to trade. Dates vary by every historian and there is some flexibility with the time periods. Even
though the pottery was made in the Late Archaic Period, the civilization began to change and
because of that, many believe that the Greek mythology played an important role between both time
periods. The Classical Period is more well–known due to "tragedies, comedies, histories, legal cases
and more surviving in the form of literary and epigraphic sources." ... Show more content on
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They were scholars "who taught courses in various topics, including rhetoric, a useful skill in
Athens." (Violatti) Due to people being charged to go to a Sophists' school, only high class citizens
could attend. Due to the economical and political changes throughout this time, the Sophists
represented a new political era because of their educational understandings. Another philosophical
character, Socrates, who were among the Sophists, however, they did not charge. Philosophers
usually focus on the physical world and the nature of it. Whereas, Socrates focused on moral and
psychological questions. "His methodology sought to define key questions such as: what is virtue?
what is patriotism? what do you mean by mortality?." Basically, instead of focusing on the world
around them, he started to focus on people and their understandings. Due to his questioning of life,
he was put on trial several times and was offered an escape or a poison. He chose the poison and
ended his life. Socrates left behind his philosophy with others who added onto the future
philosophical

Summary Of Happy Like God By Simon Critchley
What makes one person feel happy, may not make another person feel the same kind of feeling. All
people around the world look at and feel happiness in different ways than others. Happiness is
something that is extremely personal and very much varies from person to person. For example,
someone who likes thrills and adventures, such as an extrovert, would reach more energy and
happiness more than an introvert would. Whereas an introvert, would find more happiness and
energy when doing more laid back activities, such as reading a book by a warm window, baking
some warm, fresh cookies, or working out indoors on a treadmill or elliptical, instead of going out
for a run in a park or having a night on a town, in a loud night club. Everyone knows, at least one,
activity in their day to day life that they enjoy or find happiness doing.
In Simon Critchley's passage called Happy Like God, Critchley explains how he read a passage that
he thought was extraordinary and was good enough to write an essay on. The passage was from
Rousseau's final book, Reveries of a Solitary Walker. The passage described the experience of
someone floating on a rowboat on Lake of Bienne, next to the writer's native town, in his native
country. Critchley explains how he thinks this is the closest description of happiness he can imagine.
Ultimately, this would make people assume that Critchley finds most of his happiness from relaxing
activities than crazy, loud and overwhelming ones.
Critchley further goes on, expressing his thoughts on happiness by saying, "Happiness is not
quantitative or measurable and it is not the object of any science, old or new. It cannot be gleaned
from empirical surveys or programmed into individuals through a combination of behavioral
therapy and anti–depressants. If it consists in anything, then I think that happiness is this feeling of
existence, this sentiment of momentary self–sufficiency that is bound up with the experience of
time"(Critchley 560). What he means by this, is that people learn to be happy by maturity, time and
experiences. In the passage, maybe Rousseau likes lying on a boat in the water because perhaps he
had a house near a great body of water and would hear the sounds of the waves crashing onto

The Renaissance Man Essay
As the fifteenth century dawned, Western Europe was changing. The Black Plague and other
illnesses resulted in a significant decrease in the overall population, which resulted in a shift of
power from wealthy landlords to those who worked the land. As great estates were crumbling, they
demanded hourly wages or bought their own land. Cities were growing larger and people were no
longer defining themselves by their family or occupation into which they were born, rather they
were thinking of themselves as individuals with the God–given power to shape their destiny. Such a
rebirth of the ideas and energy of ancient Rome became evident and accepted. The people of this
time period liked the idea of individualism and of building upon the ... Show more content on
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The new evaluation of the individual's worth and the new conception of the individual's relation to
nature, which were to become the central motifs of the Renaissance, can be seen graphically in the
paintings of artists like Piero della Francesca, Donatello, and Michelangelo. The individuals in their
portraits and sculptures were the center of attention and were portrayed realistically, thereby
glorifying man. More specifically, Michelangelo's statue of David portrays man's power and beauty
(David, Spielvogel, 324). Linguists and philosophers also expressed this idolization of man. Pico
della Mirandola, author of the "Oration on the Dignity of Man," wrote that God addressed man
saying, "'Though shalt have the power to degenerate into the lower forms of life, which are brutish.
Thou shalt have the power, out of thy soul's judgment, to be reborn into the higher forms, which are
divine'" (Mirandola, 411). Therefore, man's understanding of his potential as an individual led to an
increased emphasis on humanism in all aspects of Renaissance society. The worldliness, through
which the Renaissance seems to offer so conspicuous a contrast to the Middle Ages, owed its origin
to the spread of the new thoughts of individualism. Art and poetry demonstrated the new importance
of the material world. People were no longer focused on religion and the eternal world; instead they
were focused on power, business relations, money, and

The Enlightenment Ideas And Beliefs Of The Enlightenment
The Enlightenment was a period where many ideas were introduced to culture. Philosophers such as
Locke, Hobbs, Rousseau, Voltaire, and Wollstonecraft worked to usher in new ideas and different
ways of thinking. These ideas and beliefs influenced society in a positive way. Each of these
philosophers had different perceptions and beliefs on how a society should function. What was their
central idea? The philosophers of the Enlightenment believed in equality and freedom and that
society could be improved either economically, socially, politically, or religiously. Adam Smith, a
philosopher during the Enlightenment, believed that each man can pursue economics to make
money for himself. Adam Smith states, "Every man...is left perfectly free to pursue his own interest
in his own way" (Doc C). Smith is explaining that everyone has the freedom to use their own ways
and methods to satisfy their needs and interests. Smith also states, "As every individual, therefore,
endeavors as much as he can both to employ his capital [money] in the support of ...industry, and so
to direct that industry that its produce may be of greatest value; every individual necessarily
[contributes to] the annual revenue of the society as great as he can" (Doc C). This statement
explains that everyone works hard both to support the economy and support themselves. People
shouldn't rely on just their economy to survive. Instead, they should work to both help the economy
flourish and to provide for themselves. He

Summary Of Guy Debord's 'Society Of The Spectacle'
Throughout history there have been many well–known philosophers. Through this paper I will be
discussing the perspectives of philosophers Guy Debord, Michel Foucault, and John Rawls. In Guy
Debord's, "The Society of the Spectacle" he makes critics of technological capitalism. In Michel
Foucault's, "Power/Knowledge" he goes over different types of power and how they are interpreted.
Debord was a situationist international, which meant creating situations or creating situations.
Referring to the several theses in Debord's novel I can say that "the society of the spectacle" "...is
not a collection of images; rather, it is a social relationship between people that is mediated by
images" (Derbord, 12). This shows that it is not only a result ... Show more content on
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Consumable survival must increase, in fact, because it continues to enshrine deprivation. The reason
there is nothing beyond augmented survival, and no end to its growth, is that survival itself belongs
to the realm of dispossession: it may gild poverty, but it cannot transcend it (Debord, 30)." This
explains that the people are consumers of illusions; it blindsides the people from reality and only
allows them to only be aware of what society or social media wants them to know.
In Michel Foucault's, "Power/ Knowledge", there are two chapters titled "Truth and Power" and
"The Eye of the Power". Foucault's conception of power is that power is everywhere. Everyone has
power and has the ability to make use of their power, but often times citizens don't make use of their
power. It seems that they are in fear of those who enforce their power already, which prevents them
to make use of their power. An everyday individual sees power to be in the hands of who the people
have "chosen". We should not always think about power as the private property of government or
state, but rather as an equal common ground for all of those who share the land. It is not the state
that doesn't matter, but the power is bigger than the state; although the state has power, it does not
have all power. A

How Did Classical Republicans And The Natural Rights...
1.) How did both Classical Republicans and the natural rights philosophers influence the Founders'
views about government?
In the beginning stages of what we know today as our system of government, the Founders were
combing through numerous sources in order to inquire about past entities and were in constant
debate over how the United States was to be set up and how it was to run more smoothly than
previous examples. The Founders were profoundly interested in the works of two different
ideologies: Classical Republicanism, which was inspired by the political writings of Greek
philosophers, Aristotle and Polybius, and Roman philosopher Cicero; and Natural Rights
Philosophy, which came to the forefront by many political philosophers including ... Show more
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Classical Republicans saw moral education as a necessity in order for the citizens, of usually smaller
and less diverse republics, to engage in civil discourse with their fellow citizens and above all else
to obtain proper habits that would encourage the common good of the republic. The Natural Rights
philosophers, in correspondence with their treatises that stress the importance of the individual, their
inalienable rights, and equality amongst humans, saw education as a necessity in order for the
populace of any given government to be equally equipped for participation in the societal welfare of
the people in case of a tyrannical government. This stress on education in the Natural Rights
philosophy would also lower the chance of an abusive and tyrannical government from arising due
to Locke stating the right to revolution if and only if the needs of the populace are not being fulfilled
by the existing political system. The founders were inspired by both groups to put an importance on
education and a greater importance on preparation for citizenship as they saw it a necessity for the
populace to be informed so a decision over legal matters could be agreed upon however, despite the
inequality in our

Liberal And Liberalism : The Components Of Democracy
Democracy is an ideal that many thinkers have attempted to define. While many agree that
democracy has become the exemplar form of government, there remain many viewpoints regarding
the various components of democracy. Two of these essential components have steadfastly been
liberty and equality. Equality is understood as the equal possession of natural rights to life, liberty,
and the pursuit of happiness. Liberty refers to the freedom that individuals have, that is, absent of
the influence of coercion. This freedom is only limited in that an individual may do as he or she
chooses so long as these actions do not directly harm other individuals. This review shall analyze
the role of liberty and equality as they pertain to liberal and conservative ideologies.
Liberalism is a political philosophy based on the ideals of liberty and equality that grew out of
reactionary means against religious conformity and ascribed status in medieval Europe. Given its
expansive history, it should be noted that there are multiple forms of liberalism. Classical liberalism
emphasizes the role of liberty (sometimes at the expense of social justice), while social liberalism
stresses the importance of social equality (sometimes at the expense of favoring state control).
Thomas Hobbes, a preliberal thinker, stated that "nature has made man so equal..." and that "the
right of nature...is the liberty each man has, to use his own power, as he will himself, for the
preservation of his own nature..."1

Justice: A Critical Analysis: The Concept Of Justice
The Concept of Justice – A Critical Analysis
Introduction
Justice is not a contemporary notion that came into existence through a legal system. It is a notion
that is deep rooted in the history of civilization. In other words justice is a broad concept and each
person has his or her perspective as to what justice really is and they have their own premises on
which they base their ideology. Many scholars have dome commendable work on this topic and
have devised various definition of justice.
Ancient Philosophers
Plato often criticized the conventional theories of justice and he came up with a definition that
"justice is a human virtue that makes a person self–consistent and good. In a societal set up, justice
is a social consciousness that makes ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During this time justice was closely related to politics. In other words, whatever the King decided
was equivalent to justice. At that time there was only monarchy system of government and hence
King was the epitome of supremacy.
1 D.R. Bhandari, Plato's Concept of Justice: An Analysis, J.N.V. University, (July 8,
2017, 12:19 PM) https://www.bu.edu/wcp/Papers/Anci/AnciBhan.htm Medieval Philosophers
When we hit the medieval period then a philosopher named
Augustine developed another definition of justice. In his words
"the cardinal virtue of justice requires that we try to give all people their due."2
Another medieval philosopher, Aquinas, came up with a definition that "justice is that rational mean
between opposite sorts of injustice, involving proportional distributions and reciprocal
transactions."3
In my understanding, this era marked the beginning of inequality between social as well as
economic classes and thus a new approach to justice was required than mere fairness and morality.
They took the foundation as morality, ethics, fairness and equity and added more elements to this

Aristotle's Structure Of Tragedy
Aristotle is one of the greatest ancient Greek philosophers. One of his best works is Poetics.
Aristotle defines what a tragedy is ...etc.(what talks abt) A tragedy consists of six component, which
are listed here in order from most important to least important. Aristotle's structure of tragedy was
interpreted differently by the neoclassical philosopher Corneille. Corneille argued that "Action can
become complete only through several others . . . which, by serving preparation, keep the spectator
in a pleasant suspense . . . leave us in the expectation of something which is to take place in the
following one . . . into the shortest possible period, so that the performance may more closely
resemble reality and thus be more nearly perfect . . .I ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was the home of the great works of ancient Greece and Rome. The term "classical Greece" is
associated to the period between the Persian Wars at the beginning of the 5th cen. B.C. and the death
of Alexander the Great in 323 B.C. Greek drama comes from the songs and dance in the ceremonies
honoring Dionysus at Athens. In the fifteenth century B.C. tragedy developed by three of the
greatest dramatists. They are Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides. They followed Aristotle's
dramatic unity of time place and

Music Makes Children Smarter : Music Essay
Music Makes Children Smarter Music in many ways. has a potential to allure an individual,
especially children, to improve their intellect, when involved in music. Schools and organizations
had researched and estimated that schools with music curriculum, have more graduation and
successful rates than school that do not doesn't have music subjects. Universities have concluded
that a specific part of our brain had a major role that can progress to become intellectual when
exposed to classical music, and later on, was exposed to another conclusion, that classical music,
only has rapid effect in specific amount of time. Professors and theorists dispute with disagreement
that listening to classical music is uncertain and does not necessarily make people smarter. Listening
to other music other than classical, however, was proven to be more effective. Harmony Project is a
nonprofit organization that offers students who who has none to low–income, to play a music
instrument. They are located in Los Angeles, California and their mission statement are "Growth–to
promote the healthy growth and development of children through the study, practice and
performance of music, Community–to build healthier communities by investing in the positive
development of children through music, and Connection–to develop musical ambassadors of peace,
hope and understanding amongst people of diverse cultures, backgrounds and beliefs" (Harmony–
Project).
The Harmony Project research concluded that,

Essay on Wright's "The Orrery"
Joseph Wright was born and raised in Derby. After becoming an accomplished painter, he eventually
took the name of Wright of Derby when he moved to Liverpool. He took liking to the nickname to
set himself apart from Richard Wright, an already established painter in Liverpool. Although he
became known for the work he did in Liverpool, his realistic paintings were greatly influenced by
his humble home in Derby. Though he was well known in Derby for being a talented portraitist, his
works in Liverpool far surpassed the portraits he painted for middle–class citizens.1 He intricately
portrayed scenes of brilliant thinkers in their studies with the atmosphere of his humble hometown.
A Philosopher Lecturing on the Orrery was the second of three ... Show more content on
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It is not by accident that Wright used the lamp to take place of the sun in the model being explained
by the philosopher. The lamp symbolizes the sun of our solar system. Just as our sun illuminates the
dark corners of our solar system, the lamp illuminates the room in the painting.
It is clear that the main focus of the painting is to be on the light source. But after the viewer
recognizes the light source, their attention is drawn upward to the man in the bright red garments.
His garments are well groomed, yet they are not lavish. This gives the idea that he is a man of the
middle class. The position of this man immediately makes the viewer realize that he is the second
most important focus of the piece. By the way he is positioned higher than the other people in the
portrait, as well as in the middle of the group, and closest to the philosopher, one could assume that
he is the man that organized and funded the assembly of people gathered around the orrery. Without
the man in the red garments, this scene would never have taken place.
Once the viewer carefully examines the man in the red garments, it becomes apparent that his eyes,
nor his mind, are focused on the light source that the other members of the assembly are infatuated
with. The viewer follows his eyes and locks on to the man in bluish gray garments. His garments,
too, indicate that he is a part of the middle class. The fact that he is

Socrates : An Intelligent Classical Greek Philosopher And...
Individual Creative Paper
Socrates was an intelligent classical Greek Philosopher and the father of Western thought. He was a
brilliant teacher, full of questions, annoying to some, and a very wise man. He was born in Athens
Greece, in (c. 470–399 B.C.E.) (Archetypes of Wisdom, 95) Little is known about his life, but what
we do know through the writings of his students, especially Plato, is that Socrates had a unique
philosophy and charisma, that is still highly influential today.
Socrates was born to Sophroniscus a sculptor, and mother Phaenarete, a midwife.
(www.biography.com) Because he was not from a royal family it is assumed that he most likely
received an ordinary Greek education. Learning his father's craft from a young age and following in
his profession it is believed Socrates worked as a sculptor for several years prior to devoting his life
to his true love, and passion, philosophy.
He married a woman named Xanthippe and they had three sons.( Archetypes of Wisdom 100) His
wife was not a happy lady with his philosophy career and she did not believe he was a reliable
provider for their family. "By all means, marry. If you get a good wife, you'll become happy; if you
get a bad one, you'll become a philosopher." ( Socrates) I think this quote provides a humorous yet
truthful idea of the relationship between the Socrates and his wife Xanthippe. Socrates valued the
well–being of his community and friendships, he fought courageously in the Military, lived a simple

The Dividing Lien of Plato's Allegory of the Cave Essay
Plato's allegory of the cave, located in Book VII of The Republic is one of the most famous
allegories in which he has created. This simile touches base on a number of philosophical ideas
which Plato developed over the progression of The Republic (Plato, G.M.A Grube, 1993), the most
noticeable being the dividing line. The dividing line is the point between the world of ideas where
we live and the world of the forms which is in the heavens. This allegory of the cave helps people
understand the theory on which philosophy is based. It is also in this Book where the education of
the guardians is outlined. We are asked in Book VII of The Republic to imagine a group of people
sitting inside a cave, with their hands and feet bound. It is by ... Show more content on
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When the prisoner turns his head towards the light of the fire his eyes hurt him and he is confused
because he is unable to see the objects of the shadows he had been subjected to his entire life. It is
because of this pain and confusion that the prisoner wishes to return to the life that he is accustomed
to, and the reality he knows, the world of the shadows. We are asked to envision the stubbornness
displayed by this prisoner to leave the world of the shadows, a stubbornness which causes him to be
dragged into the sunlight. Upon seeing the light of the sun the prisoner is temporarily blinded,
unable to see anything around him, blinding him more than when he was a prisoner of the cave.
Eventually the prisoner's vision adjusts and he is able to see more clearly. His mind will first be able
to recognize the shadows, then moving on to reflections of objects in the water, and lastly the
objects themselves. This new sight leads the prisoner to question the colours and objects around
him. He questions what it is that causes him to being able to see all the things he can, compared to
only seeing poor reflections of objects in the cave. The prisoner eventually concludes that it is the
sun which illuminates all around him and is the source of his sight. This now knowledgeable
individual remembers the others who are still trapped in the cave ignorant to the wonders which lay
outside of it. He considers him self lucky to

Silanoin
The sculpture was made during the Late Classical Period, which was the era that had an increased
motion in expressive art during the 4th century. The sculptors of the 4th century Late Classical
period developed Classical sculpture from idealized, life–like, stoic statues to depicting narratives
and figures in less ideal states (Boundless, 2015). This period begins with the ending of the High
Classical Period and with the start and end of the Peloponnesian War from 431 to 404 BCE leaving
Sparta victorious. Thebes also undertook the role of leadership which unfortunately did not do so
well with Greece, which had weakened the state land, suffering such a loss that the citizens of
Greece eventually gave up themselves to the Macedonian King, Phillip ... Show more content on
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Born in Athens, Greece in 428 BCE, Plato had limits of primary sources to use while growing up, so
in place of that he was always surrounded by scholars and historians which shows an emphasis
within his own writings (Biography). The curriculum he would have been taught was a range from
Cratylus, Pythagoras, and even Parmenides. It is believed that these teachings have had a great
influence of Plato's study of metaphysics and epistemology (Biography). His parents were to be
very important figures as well. His father was Ariston, who was a descendent from the kings of
Athens and Messenia, and his mother Perictione, who is believed to be related to Solon, who was a
Greek statesmen in 6th Century BCE. As Plato got older he experienced two events that changed his
life before he knew it which were meeting his teacher Socrates, the great Greek philosopher, and the
Peloponnesian War where Plato himself was a part of for five years. Soon after the war ended, Plato
had considered to uphold a career in politics, but sadly the death of his mentor turned him away
from the idea and decided to turn to his profession he continued to do throughout his lifetime, which
is to study life and philosophy. He traveled to several parts of Italy and Egypt for 12 years,
searching and studying forms of mathematics and astronomy and the different ways human kind
perceive to what they believe life is. As Plato got older, he founded the

Kant And Jean Jacques Rousseau
Public discourse has commonly been known as the communication of diverse claims between the
public backed by reason and substantive argument. This exchanging of views often happens
between both those who agree with one's sentiment and those who disagree. Since the beginning of
civilization, humans have been given the responsibility of finding a reasonable outcome at the end
of an argument with somebody of opposing views. Through deliberation, both sides of the argument
articulate their reasoning for their views and attempt to find such reasonable outcomes. At times, a
middle ground is unattainable between the two and tension grows. At this point, distinct guidelines
need to be set in regards to the extent in which individuals can exert ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Each person has their personal role in maintaining the common good for those around them and thus
should fulfill it. He believed that fulfilling this task and contributing to society would create
happiness for the individual which would overcome self interest. If those who pursued their
personal interests rather than those of the common good, then they would be seen as selfish and face
consequences.
Rousseau believed that each person obtains a "natural repugnance to seeing any sentient being,
especially our fellow man, perish or suffer," (DeLue and Dale 190) and that this only changes due to
pity and selfishness. Rousseau did not take kindly to those who were seen as selfish and following
self interest. He stated that a society "can banish him [a person who violates citizen norms] not for
being impious but unsociable, for being incapable of sincerely loving the laws and justice, and of
sacrificing his life, if necessary, for his duty," (DeLue and Dale 202). For those who do not pursue
the concept of the common good and question the way of society, they are subject to be removed. A
society in which people contest the civic norm is not one acceptable to Rousseau.
Counter to Jean–Jacques Rousseau, Immanuel Kant believed that people should be entitled to
individual freedom and personal interests. Kant aligned with enlightenment thinkers Locke and
Hobbes and was an advocate for rights protecting intellectual freedom. Kant believed that a civil
society required

Classical Liberalism Is A Political Philosophy Originated
Classical Liberalism is a political philosophy originated in the 18th century based on the idea of
individual liberty created to preserve an open and accepting, and open–minded society. Classical
liberalism is very solemn when advocating for the value of freedom in which emphasizes the
importance of religion, speech, press, assembly, and markets which includes free trade market
capitalism, and economic liberalism. Up until around the 1900s, this ideology was commonly
known as Liberalism, however, it's now important to classify it as "Classical Liberalism" mostly in
English–speaking countries. Worldwide however, Liberalism is a wide–ranging term that can also
be associated with private property and designated with social, instead of social, ... Show more
John Locke, an English philosopher, shared some of the same ideas that Hobbes possessed. Locke
believed in the power of a government to preserve freedom, but he also believed in overthrowing
any government that violated a citizen's rights, and as a solution, getting a new government
competent for the duty of serving the people. Locke also believed in freedom by nature. "Everyone
has a natural right to life, liberty, and property." Locke believed in men preserving their own "civil
interest," by those he means life, liberty, health, and the possession of land, money, houses, and such
things. He believed that all men are free by nature, and that "no private person has any right in any
manner to prejudice another person in his civil enjoyments." Locke also believes that God gave men
the world to make use of it, therefore he values so much the right to property.
Another philosopher from the 17th century, and who made an impact on how political economy
works is Adam Smith, one of the major philosophers of the Scottish Enlightenment. Smith is
considered as one of the source of classical liberal commitments, reducing state regulations on
economic life and trade. He was very powerful with his argument, he believed

Utopian Collectivism
Often times in liberal societies the wealthy take all of the money, leaving the middle class and the
poor with nothing. The text chosen for source one emphasizes the fact that the wealthy and
corporate elite need to take care of the poor, that it is their responsibility to ensure the common good
is being met. It explains how higher classes have a collective obligation to help those who are in
need. This idea corresponds with having a collective responsibility; a strong principle of
collectivism. The ideas given in the text are collectivist ideas, describing how it is a responsibility of
the rich to work for the common good, not just their own good. This mimics another principle of
collectivism: collective interest. The author of the source does not explain the ridding of the social
classes, but they outline the ideas of the upper class making sure that classes lower than them are
being taken care of. The source does not describe government involvement, which is why the source
mirrors the ideas of Robert Owen and Utopian Socialism. Owen believed that it was the factory
owners job to take sure that their workers were treated with proper care and consideration. This puts
an emphasis on a great responsibility of the rich working towards the collective good, just as the
source described above. In contrast, many capitalists would likely disagree with the notion, because
it puts restraints on the economic freedoms they hold so dearly. Capitalists believe in pursuing your
self

How Did Greek Oligarchies
Greek had four political systems. Monarchy, Oligarchy, Tyranny, Democracy. Monarchy– During
the Mycenaean period (c. 1400–1150 BCE), most city
–states were ruled by monarchies, a system of
government where one person–the king or queen–has the power to rule. Monarchy comes from the
Greek mono
, meaning one, and archos, meaning leader. Monarchies in Greece were hereditary.
Kings often had many advisers and officials from the upper class to help them make decisions.
Depending on the city
state,8ers had varying amounts of power. Oligarchy–The natural isolation of
the Greek city–states meant they each developed independently. Eventually, the people overthrew
the kings, and around 800 BCE they established oligarchies, or governments where only a few
people hold power. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Tyranny– Although some city–states remained oligarchies well after the Persian Wars, by the 600s
BCE people in many city–states disliked the oligarchies enough to seek another form of
government. Usually, these powerful individuals were people in the military. These men used a
variety of means to gain control, from political tactics to violence. After removing the oligarchs
from power, many of these men established themselves as the absolute rulers of their respective
city–states. This meant they had complete control of all aspects of government. Democracy–
democracy was a system of direct democracy in which participating citizens focused directly on l
egislationand executive bills. Participation was not open to all residents: to vote one had to be an
adult, male citizen, i.e., not a foreign resident, a slave or a woman, and the number of these "varied
between 30,000 and 50,000 out of a total population of around 250,000 to 300,000" or "no more
than 30 percent of the total adult

Classical Liberalism VS Classical Conservatism Essay
Are you Republican or Democrat? Maybe you are Conservative or Liberal? What do these terms
mean and how did they begin? Classical Conservatism is defined as "a political philosophy
emphasizing the need for the principles of natural law and transcendent moral order."(Frohnen,
Beer, and Nelson, 2006) Classical Liberalism is described as "a philosophy committed to the ideal
of limited government and liberty of individuals including freedom of religion, speech, press,
assembly, and free markets." (Hudelson, 1999) These two ideas have shaped our philosophies and
parties for centuries to come. These philosophies were made possible by many bright men of the
time like Edmund Burke, John Adams, John Locke and Adam Smith. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Edmund chose the Whigs because of their "freedom under law, balancing orders, and religious
tolerance." (Kirk, 1953)During this time he became one the leading men in the Whig party. (Clark,
2000) Edmund Burke was praised by both the conservatives and liberals of the nineteenth century.
Yet, Burke is now known as the philosophical founder of conservatism. (Heywood, 2003)(Lock,
2006) One reason he is a founder of conservatism not liberalism because he favored reform of a
society. (Kirk, 1953) Like Edmund Burke was the philosophical founder of conservatism, John
Adams was the founder of conservatism in the United States of America. (Kirk, 1953) John Adams
was born on October 30, 1735 and died on July 4, 1826 in Quincy, Massachusetts. John Adams was
an American statesman, diplomat, political theorist, and the second president of the United States.
John Adams was a federalist. The federalists were the first conservative movement in the United
States. (Kirk, 1953) He was also one of the most influential founding Father of the United States.
This was because he played a leading role in persuading the Continental Congress to declare
independence from Britain.(Kirk, 1953)
Many people, including several representatives sought Adams advice, even on how to frame new
governments, local, state, and national. With this John Adams wrote Thoughts on Government.
(Adams, 1776, 1851) Thoughts on Government influenced many state constitutions we see

Enlightened Philosophers (John Locke, Baron de...
John Locke, Baron de Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Jean Jacques Rousseau were all enlightenment
philosophers. Each of these men had a particular view of government, society, and its citizens and
they were all passionate about their works. Locke (1632– 1704) was an English philosopher, his
ideas had a great impact on the development of political philosophy and he is widely regarded as
one of the most influential enlightenment thinkers. Montesquieu (1689– 1755) believed that all
things were made up of laws that never changed. His most famous work, The Spirit of Laws,
outlined his ideas on how government would work best. Voltaire (1694– 1778) was a poet, an
essayist, playwright, historian, and above all, a critic of society. He was a great ... Show more
People always abuse their powers. No matter how small the amount they have, they will push their
credibility to the edge. "Constant experience shows us that every man invested with power is apt to
abuse it and carry it as far as it will go. (The Spirit of Laws) ". As the renaissance came around,
Montesquieu would definitely not have had such a bad opinion of man. As previously mentioned,
the renaissance was a time for prosperity and there was a focus on humanism. Montesquieu believed
that men will abuse any power that they are given but during the renaissance, people were much
different. As for the Protestant Reformation, Montesquieu would probably feel the same way as his
original philosophy. Nobody liked each other during the Protestant Reformation but the liked the
government/ churches even less. There's no doubt that people would abuse their power and the
government should be split in 3 sections. However, during the Scientific Revolution, Montesquieu
would feel the same about the people and probably would view the government the same way.
During the Scientific Revolution, people were recovering from the Protestant Reformation but it
was the abuse of power that put them there in the first place and they needed a stable government.
Jean Jacques Rousseau was similar to Locke in his belief of a government. Rousseau believes that
government is necessary for

Ancient Greek Philosophers
There has been much debate as to what change is, and is not. Ancient Greek Philosophers were not
indifferent to this. The early Greek Philosophers tried to explain what our world is comprised of,
whether it is monism (one true "stuff," or reality), or pluralism (more than one reality, or "stuff").
They then proceeded to try to elaborate and explain how change and motion occur. Heraclitus'
conclusion can be summed up in a quote of his: "One cannot step into the same river twice."
Parmenides and Zeno, unlike Heraclitus, came to the conclusion that the world was practically an
unmovable brick; there is no change, there is no motion. Finally, Epicurus came to the conclusion
that the world was formed from indivisible, and constantly colliding atoms. Heraclitus was a monist.
His interpretation of the one and true reality was fire. This is not to be taken literally, because
Heraclitus believed that the "one' could never be any material thing, but was found in the orderliness
of change. He said fire was "always changing yet somehow is always the same." He believed that
everything is being changed constantly, and this is occurring through a state of flux. By having
orderliness, it becomes possible for the human mind to comprehend the world, instead of it being
entirely chaotic and based on the will of gods. Since the rate of change is constant, an appearance of
permanence exists. Hence, "one cannot step into the same river twice."(Jones 16) At first, it might
appear as if you

The Main Features Of Plato Kallipolis
The purpose of this essay is to find central features of Plato kallipolis justice city. In Republic Plato
represent central political thesis which the main central features is Beauty and Goodness, Justice in
society and in the individual, and Theory of Forms. 'Kalli' means beautiful, also 'best', 'highest' and
'polis' represent as "political entity". Kallipolis it is an ideal city – state ruled by philosopher king
and this political city intended by Plato. In kallipolis city will be justice, as Plato will try to
demonstrate concept such as just city–state it might be found in a political entity such as a city. In
essay will be represent the allegory of the Cave meaning, which represent social life in the ancient.
Plato is unable to tell us ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Only one thing, the developing individual will come to love beauty and shun ugliness even when are
still young and cannot understand the reason for so doing but one will recognize in this Form all that
is beautiful. Another image that Plato uses for the educational process is of a plant witch flourishes
in the right conditions but withers in adverse ones. Possible to say that beauty is defined by and to
the other, is to surround the child with beauty, truth and goodness order to make the growth of
growth of these qualities in its developing self. In reality, the world is not always beautiful, it is
often ugly; and people are not always virtuous, they are often cowardly, intemperate and injustice.
The Theory of Forms are idea of "one over many" it particular instances of justice. Normally it
appears to include at least beauty, justice and goodness as a central example in the Republic, some
very general nations such as Identity and Differences, Being and non – Being, the one and the
Many. Plato ideas could be considered as a sample of the prevailing classical conception. Plato
realizes that the general run of humankind can think and speak. The allegory of the cave is supposed
to explain this in the allegory; Plato likens people untutored in the Theory of Forms to prisoners
chained in a cave, unable to turn their heads. All people can see is the wall of the cave. Behind them

Socrates, A Classical Greek Philosopher
Socrates, born in 470 BC in Athens, Greece, was a classical Greek philosopher and is believed to be
one of the founders of Western philosophy. He lived a good 71 years until his death in 399 BC.
Although Socrates never wrote anything down, we still know quite a bit about him. Everything we
know, we have learned through the writings of one of Socrates' students, Plato. One very famous
phenomenon we learn from Socrates is Socrates' Socratic method. It essentially laid down the
building blocks of Western logic and philosophy and it consists of five steps. The first step is to
make a statement; the second is to then look for exceptions. The third step comes in two parts. It
states that if an exception is found then the statement is either imprecise, or flat out false. Further
comes step four that says that if the statement is imprecise then to revise it. Finally step five is to
repeat. A lot of people were not Socrates' biggest fans, which leads us to the charges and trial of
Socrates. He was put into trial for being impious and corrupting the youth. Although some may
argue that Socrates was an evil, unjust person that led a bad life and was a troublemaker, I affirm
that Socrates led a good and honorable life due to his great wisdom in admitting that he knows
nothing. His awareness of his own ignorance makes him an admirable person. To begin with,
Socrates was quite the character. His soul life mission consisted of using philosophy to achieve
practical results for the

Classical Liberalism vs Classical Conservatism
Classical Liberalism VS Classical Conservatism
Are you Republican or Democrat? Maybe you are Conservative or Liberal? What do these terms
mean and how did they begin? Classical Conservatism is defined as "a political philosophy
emphasizing the need for the principles of natural law and transcendent moral order."(Frohnen,
Beer, and Nelson, 2006) Classical Liberalism is described as "a philosophy committed to the ideal
of limited government and liberty of individuals including freedom of religion, speech, press,
assembly, and free markets." (Hudelson, 1999) These two ideas have shaped our philosophies and
parties for centuries to come. These philosophies were made possible by many bright men of the
time like Edmund Burke, John Adams, John ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(Davies, 1997) Conservatives are mostly for preserving the society instead of a takeover, which
emphasizes stability.(McLean and McMillan, 2009) Viscourt Hailsham a former chairman of the
British Conservative Party described conservatism. "Conservatism is not so much a philosophy as
an attitude, a constant force, performing a timeless function in the development of a free society,
and corresponding to a deep and permanent requirement of human nature itself."(Hailsham, 1959)
Conservatism can be summed up in ten key principles that Russell Kirk sums up in his work the
"Essence of Conservatism."
"(1) Men and nations are governed by moral laws; and those laws have their origin in a wisdom that
is more than human–in divine justice... (2) Variety and diversity are the characteristics of a high
civilization... (3) Justice means that every man and every woman have the right to what is their
own–to the things best suited to their own nature, to the rewards of their ability and integrity, to their
property and their personality... (4) Property and freedom are inseparably connected; economic
leveling is not economic progress... (5) Power is full of danger; therefore the good state is one in
which power is checked and balanced, restricted by sound constitutions and customs... (6) The past
is a great storehouse of wisdom... (7) Modern society urgently needs true community: and true
community is a world away from collectivism... (8) In the affairs of nations, the

Raphael’s The School of Athens: Classical Philosophers in...
The European Renaissance was the time period after the Dark Ages. In the Renaissance, radical new
ideas like humanism and individualism took foot. Also, art and science were re–embraced for the
first time in Europe since classical times. Art in the Renaissance became much more realistic and
advanced using new techniques such as chiaroscuro (using high contrast to add depth to a painting),
foreshortening (adjusting line length and angle to make 2–D objects look 3–D), and much more
accurate perspective. The new art represented the new ideas of the Renaissance because where
Gothic style art showed things in Theological perspective and had little to do with anything other
than religion, Renaissance art represented new, more secular ideas by ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
(Graham–Dixon, 181) The fresco is 500 × 770 cm. (SME) There are a several places in the fresco
where Raphael was trying to say something with the subjects. All around the fresco, we see people
engulfed in debates and heated conversation, showing that being a thinker like Raphael was can be a
social profession. However, he also shows some of the people in the fresco totally wrapped up in
books, and some of the people look frustrated and sad. Raphael shows us that being a thinker can
often be lonely and can make one extremely frustrated. (Graham–Dixon, 183) In the right side of the
fresco, we see a face poking out from the crowd. This face is Raphael's own, and putting a small
self–portrait in the fresco is a stylized was of signing it. When the Renaissance started, people tried
to rediscover classical ideas. They saw the incredible buildings that the ancient Romans had built,
and they wanted to recreate them. However, they didn't know where to begin. In the dark ages,
nearly all the new ideas that Classical thinkers had found were lost. In the Renaissance, people
wanted to make sure that wouldn't happen again. On the far left of the fresco, we see a man calling
for another man with paper and pen to come and record the new ideas Socrates is sharing. This
represents the preservation of ideas for the benefit of future generations. (Graham–Dixon, 182)
Raphael shows in The School of Athens how the Renaissance is very

Similarities Between Roosevelt And Hayek
Hayek, who is a modern conservative, has the best connection and has the closest ideas to Smith's
classical liberal theory. Roosevelt, who will be mainly mentioned in this essay, who we identify as a
modern liberal; does not share the same viewpoints as fellow classical liberalists once have made. In
Adams Smith's 'wealth of nations', he gives us a basic understanding on his theory about working in
the free market. One specific principle he talks about is the division of labor, a country that creates
international trade. Smith claims: "Thus, upon equal or nearly equal profits, every wholesale
merchant naturally prefers the home–trade to the foreign trade of consumption, and the foreign trade
of consumption to the carrying trade". (Love: 34). To simplify in modern terms, he is saying we
need free trade. Both Smith and Hayek had this similar idea that the "invisible hand" is the best
outcome. The modern conservative, Hayek, proves that his ideas were based upon the teachings of
Adam Smith. Hayek believed in free competition escorted by the division of labor, no monopolies
and limited government intervention. In the spirit of Adam Smith, Hayek emphasized that the
division of labor and exchange are key characteristics of an advanced economy. Both Hayek and
Smith agree that the 'invisible hand' and the ability to pursue your own purpose lead to what they
believe is the best outcome. A point that Roosevelt claims: "I pointed out that, in addition to tax
avoidance, these

Literary Analysis Of Racis Hutcheson
Phil 9029: From Natural Law to Moral Sense James Belford
Dr. Benjamin Hill
Hutcheson Secondary Literature Analysis
Francis Hutcheson's (1694–1746) account of sympathy is highly nuanced and intricate, along with
his philosophy in general. In his account of sympathy, Hutcheson proclaims a variation of
disinterested love and an actual sense of another's meaningful suffering. Many of his contemporaries
within the 18th century Britain misinterpreted this account of sympathy and tried to reduce it to a
psychological egoist account. In his essay Moral Sense and Sympathy, Luigi Turco gives as account
of sympathy throughout this ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hutcheson then defines internal senses as analogous senses, which are given to us by God in order
to cohabitate with others.3 Sympathy then is not merely a passion that is based off of the
imagination, but a sense no different than sight sound and touch. When we reflect, we gain a sense
of pleasures in thinking about people acting in a benevolent way, even if there is no direct benefit to
us involved.4 The narrow Hobbesian account of self–interest is the ultimate principle o the
individual, but benevolence is what governs us as a social body; our moral sense is the reflected
sense that detects that benevolence is virtuous.5 We can therefore find it satisfying to be virtuous
without this satisfaction being reduced to Hobbesian self–interest. Hutcherson's notion of sympathy
is a broader concept that does not equate self–interest and self–satisfaction.
This concept of sympathy was held to be highly problematic by Samuel Clarke (1675–1729). Clarke
agrees with Hutcheson that there is some notion of disinterested moral sense that is responsible for
sympathy, yet he disagrees that this notion is enough; the pleasure from the moral sense and
anticipated divine rewards are also morally relevant features. For Clarke, the love of benevolence is
not disinterested; Sympathy actually involves a delight in the happiness of others and a misery in the

Evolution Phases Of Non Governmental Organizations
Evolution Phases of Non Governmental Organisations in India Dr. Suresh Kumar Bhaker, Assistant
Professor, Management in Haryana School of Business, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science
and Technology Hisar, Haryana Abstract This survey paper highlights the sequential and verifiable
improvement of the Non–Governmental Organizations in India. It additionally assesses how these
associations created amid pre–autonomy and post reliance period and considering the advancement
time of NGOs altogether four stages with evolving parts. Key Words: Non–Governmental
Organizations, Evolution, Phases, Voluntarism, Changing Roles. Historical Background Balmiki 's
Ramayan depicts one of the soonest willful activities as saw today when Ram was leaving Ayodhya
and going to woods, according to his fathers ' request. Individuals sorted out and took after Ram to
take him back to Ayodhya. They were driven by Brahmin who was old to the point that their heads
were shaking (VayaPrakampShir), and their beneficiary was as reasonable as a swan
(hansshukishir). They asked for, and put good and religious weight on Ram to return back. At the
point when Ram did not return and deluded them at the Tamasa, they returned home and in anguish
they sorted out a bandh; markets were shut, no one cooked sustenance on that day, and even the
ladies conveying their first child did not feel upbeat. The national artist Maitheli Sharan Gupt
portrayed this scene in; Saket ' and called this type of dissent "Vinat Vidroh"

The Theory Of Classical Conditioning
Classical conditioning was first observed and developed by a Russian physiologist, Ivan Pavlov who
lived from (1927–1960). The concept of classical conditioning is widely considered to be the most
fundamental form of learning. Even before Ivan Pavlov named the process of conditioning, his work
was considered ahead of his time (Feeser, 2002, p. 24). In fact, Pavlov was presented the Nobel
Prize in Physiology and Nero Medicine for his research on the digestion system of dogs (Feeser,
2002, p. 24). To further his digestion research, Pavlov devised a procedure for surgical procedure
implanting a tube, called a fistula, into animals that were still living. This allowed Pavlov to collect
digestive secretions, and measure them, such as those secreted in the stomach or the mouth (Feeser,
2002, p. 24). This was a monumental first, because up until Pavlov 's advancements, almost
everything that was known about physiological processes was revealed from studies involving acute
(temporary or sacrificed animals) as opposed to operatic preparations (long–term and in living
animals). Pavlov was always interested mainly in the understanding of reflexive occurrences when
food was placed into the mouth and as it passed through the other parts of the digestive system,
including the stomach (Feeser, 2002, p. 27). For example, Professor Pavlov or one of his many
personal assistants would put meat into the mouth of a dog or dogs and then measure the amount of
saliva that passed through a salivary

Comparison Of The Classical And The 19th Century Romantic...
The Classical and the 19th century Romantic Period were eras where many of the most famous
composers and compositions that we know today were born. The Classical Period brought forth big
name composers like Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, CP Bach, and Ludwig van
Beethoven. The 19th century Romantic Period was characterized by composers like Franz Schubert,
Felix Mendelssohn, Robert Schumann, and Edvard Grieg. But, what really were these artistic
periods? What makes them different from each other? And how did the Classical Period inevitably
end and influence the beginning of the Romantic Period? Here we will not only cite in depth
research of both the Classical and the 19th Century Romantic Period, but also pull direct
characteristics of the classical period from Beethoven's "Zärtliche Liebe" and compare it to Grieg's
romantic composition titled "Ich Liebe Dich". Let's begin in 1730 in the birth year of the Classical
Period. The Classical Period was from 1730–1815 and started off with the active Enlightenment
movement that first swept through Europe in the 18th century. It was a time full of intellectual
research and expansion, economic change, and a developing a musical style that would soon be
accepted internationally. There was a shift from strict religious fervor to a more about practical
principles that were focused more on truth, pursuing happiness, natural pleasure, emotional control,
and the common good of people. Social equality was also a main concentration

Why Do We Use Ancient Greek Art
Greece was formed 4,000 years ago; we still use Greek ideas to this very day such as Government,
science, and art. These ideas from helped to developed ancient Greece and to now we take those
ideas that we use in are time. There are some similarities that Ancient Greece and as well modern
times. There are three ideas that we use that ancient Greece used like science, their government, and
art.
Science is important because it explains "physical world in term instead of supernatural causes."
They use mathematics and logical thinking, which was off technology that was used by people
every day in life. The first scientist was Thales Miletus who was called father of science because he
was the first Greek philosopher to explain the seek at physical terms and understand why these
things happen. There are kind of different kind's science like zoology studies of animals, geography
the study of earth and there are a lot more braches of science out there. Science we use in our daily
lives we use the Idea of ancient Greece for our science to discover things every day in our lives,
there are things that we still have not discovered today. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ancient Greece used art for many things in their city–states there were three different kind of art.
Stated in text the three such as archaic period, classical period, and Hellenistic. Archaic period,
which was around 700 B.C to 480 B.C. it was the beginning of pottery and sculptures. The Classical
period is when artist started to make sculptures that are more complex. The time that the classical
age started "the golden age" when Alexander the great was alive. Last a final kind of art that ancient
Greece did was Hellenistic period was a time after Alexander the great died it was when artist
started to sculpt "themes around people and places." Art is the same way now, there statues of
people and places this is how we took something from Greece and use it as are culture now and

Aristotle's Structure Of Tragedy In Ancient Greece And...
Aristotle is one of the greatest ancient Greek philosophers. One of his best works is Poetics.
Aristotle defines what a tragedy is ...etc.(what talks abt) A tragedy consists of six component, which
are listed here in order from most important to least important. Aristotle's structure of tragedy was
interpreted differently by the neoclassical philosopher Corneille. Corneille argued that "Action can
become complete only through several others . . . which, by serving preparation, keep the spectator
in a pleasant suspense . . . leave us in the expectation of something which is to take place in the
following one . . . into the shortest possible period, so that the performance may more closely
resemble reality and thus be more nearly perfect . . .I should be willing to concede that a whole city
has unity of place . . . to make ancient rules agree with modern pleasure."(Three Discourses of
dramatic poetry) The mission of this paper is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was home to the great works of ancient Greece and Rome. The classical period was an era of war
and conflict–first between the Greeks and the Persians, then between the Athenians and the
Spartans–but it was also an era of unprecedented political and cultural achievement. The term
"classical Greece" refers to the period between the Persian Wars at the beginning of the fifth century
B.C. and the death of Alexander the Great in 323 B.C. Greek drama evolved from the song and
dance in the ceremonies honoring Dionysus at Athens. In the 5th cent. B.C. tragedy was developed
by three of the greatest dramatists in the history of the theater, Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides.
The classical followed Aristotle's dramatic unity of time place and action. Classicism in the theatre
was developed by 17th century French playwrights from what they judged to be the rules of Greek
classical theatre, including the "Classical unities" of time, place and action, found in the Poetics of

Kamisar's Argument Against Euthanasia
The right to live one's life on his or her own terms is a basic tenet in the modern world. In American
society, the people are given free reign (within legal and social boundaries, of course) to choose how
to live. They can choose where to go to school, what to learn, what they want to work, when they
want to retire, and so on and so forth. However, when people reach the end of their lives, this right
to autonomy seems to be restricted, especially in those who are terminally ill. This autonomy sees
itself at the center of the debate around the practice of euthanasia, a medical procedure in which a
patient with a terminal or incurable illness is permitted to die in a painless manner ("Euthanasia").
While one might think that allowing one who ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, in the end, what Velleman and Kamisar do not realize is that their argument lies within the
abstract realm. By placing the argument here, it loses context for the patient. Someone suffering
from the terrible pain of aggressive skin cancer is converted to an uncharacteristic subject. By
applying the context of each patient's situation, as Feinberg believes we should, doctors and
physicians will be able to better determine whether not euthanasia is an appropriate option for the
patient. While there may be concerns for medical misdiagnoses or "last–minute cures," these events
are so uncommon that they should not even play a role in the

The Theory Of Classical Conditioning
Ivan Pavlov a Russian physiologist who lived from (1927–1960) first observed and conceived the
concept of Classical conditioning. The concept of classical conditioning is widely distinguished and
understood as the most basic form of cognitive learning. Even before Ivan Pavlov named the
process of conditioning, his work was considered ahead of his time (Feeser, 2002, p. 24). In fact,
Pavlov was presented a Nobel Prize in Physiology and Nero Medicine for his research on the
digestion system of dogs (Feeser, 2002, p. 24). To further his digestion research, Pavlov devised a
medical procedure for implanting a tube, called a fistula, into animals that were still alive. This
allowed Pavlov to collect digestive secretions, and measure them, such as those secreted in a dog's
stomach or the mouth (Feeser, 2002, p. 24). This was a dramatic first, because before Pavlov 's
advancements, almost everything that was understood or known about physiological processes was
revealed from studies involving severe (temporary or sacrificed animals) as opposed to operatic
preparations (long–term and in living animals). Pavlov was always interested mainly in the
understanding of reflexive occurrences when food was placed in the dog's mouth and as it passed
through the other parts of the digestive system, including the stomach (Feeser, 2002, p. 27). For
example, Professor Pavlov or one of his many personal assistants would put meat into the mouth of
a dog or dogs and then measure the amount of saliva

Ontology Of Man, Seen By Different Philosophers

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Ontology Of Man, Seen By Different Philosophers