8. Why is placebo used in vaccine trials?
The researchers compare the results of the vaccine with those
obtained from the placebo and the placebo-controlled trials are widely
regarded as a standard method for testing the efficacy of new
treatments. The aim of administering a placebo in trial volunteers is to
observe how many people in each group naturally contract the virus
and fall ill.
In the United States, if the number of inoculated volunteers
contracting Covid-19 is at least 50 per cent lower than the number
in the placebo group, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) can
grant the emergency use authorisation. The drug regulator requires
a longer period of study to grant permanent approval to the
vaccine candidates.