2. 1897 Late Qing Dynasty Hundred Days of Reform- 1989 Emperor Guangxu launches the Hundred Days of Reform, revolutionizing education and refining the government system Boxer Rebellion - 1900 Outraged members of the Yi-Ho Tuan, better known as Boxers, instigates a rebellion to overthrow the Manchu rule and eliminate Christian and European influence 2 year old Puyi is declared China’s Emperor - 1908 The toddler is hailed as Emperor Cixi’s successor, but regent Prince Chun makes major conservative changes, and dismissing capable leaders Full Scale Rebellion- 1911 After civilians were shot and killed, a full scale rebellion erupts in Wuchang with the support of the New Army, and forms a temporary Republic government, with Yuan Shikai as their leader. Manchu’s Step Down from ‘Dragon Throne’ – 1912 Prince Chun and Emperor Puyi deliver the Edict of Abdication, and declare China as a constitutional Republic. Yuan Shikai becomes President after a long struggle for power with equally popular Sun Yatsen. National Assembly – 1913 -14 One of the major assemblies of the newly formed republic, held for elections for positions in the parliament, but Yuan Shikai declares himself dictator of China, and the assembly is disassembled Twenty-One Demands - 1915 Japanese leaders demand China’s ports, trade, railways, and other important assets through threatening an outbreak of war if China fails to meet those demands. China agrees to all demands. Rise of the Warlords in divided China – 1916 After end of Yuan Shikai’s Presidency (1912-16), chaos ascended in China as individual governors and generals raised armies that fought for power 1927
3. 1909 Revolutionary Movements/ Paris Peace Conference – 1919 Failure at the Paris Peace Conference stirs uproar throughout China, students begin strikes and boycotts on the 4th of May. Many protest for a in favor of the New Tide, revolutionary ideas of freedom and rights. Begin of Russian Involvement, and The Three Principles - 1922 & 1924 Newly formed Russia responds to Sun Yatsen’s call for help, and marks beginning of Russian involvement. The Guomingdang party presents the Three Principles, representing freedom, democracy and livelihood. Death of Sun Yatsen, Begin of the March to the North – 1925 to 1926 Sun Yatsen dies of cancer and his brother-in-law is given the role of uniting China. With the support of the public, he trains 500 officers to lead the invasion to extend the Guomingdand influence to bring a revolution to China. Communist-Guomingdang relations deteriorate in fight for control –late 1920’s -1930 After they conquer much of China, the two parties struggle for influence as they hope to extend their power of the remaining provinces Guomingdang forces execute and kill Communists is a fight for Guangzhou and Shanghai. Unification of China - 1928 After the March to the North, Chiang Kaishek takes command of the Guomingdang, forming alliances with warlords FengYuxiang and Yan Xishan to take over Manchuria. Guomingdang reestablishes itself as the most powerfulforce in China, National Government is formed. Extermination Campaigns- 1930-1934 Chiang Kaishek initiates the Extermination Campaigns, an attempt to kill all the Communists. Five campaigns were launched, and all failed because despite being outnumbered, Mao’s clever military tactics of ambushing the Guomingdang succeeded, but millions of peasants killed in the process. Jiangxi Soviet- 1930 Jiangxi Soviet was a province under the control of the Communists, they gained support and raised the powerful Red Army, and establishes the Land Laws and disciple rules for the peasants. 1939
4. 1919 Japan continues to control Manchuria -1927-1928 Japan continues to expand control in Manchuria, taking ports, mines, railways, minerals, factories, and when their power is at risk, they order the assassination of Warlord Zhang Zuolin. Last and Fifth of Chiang Kaishek’s Extermination Campaigns- 1933 After four failed attempts in the Extermination programs, German military strategist used an successful but slow ‘blockhouse strategy’ to starve and siege Communist territory. The strategy was of great effect, and killed 60,000 soldiers of the Red Army. Manchurian Incident – 1931 Suffering from the Great Depression, Japan invaded more of China, despite warnings form the League of Nations. League of Nations and China failed to respond, and Japan manipulated Puyi as a puppet Emperor of Manchuria Red Army Boxed and Caged into Jiangxi- 1934 Weakened by the fifth extermination campaign, the Communists were boxed and caged into Jiangxi, and with the Guomindang advancing, Russian leasers led a retreat to the Yanan Soviet, beginning the Long March. Long March 1934-1935 Led by the Russian advisers, Mao, and Zhu, the Red Army treks 9000 kilometers, through snow capped mountains and open grasslands, losing 90% of their men, to reach Yanan. Many died of starvation, disease, thirst and exhaustion, and in battle. The Xian Incident- 1936 After Chiang refused to unite with the Communists to fight the Japanese, he was kidnapped by Zhang Xueliang and eventually persudaded Chiang to join the United Front, to lead the Communists and Guomindang against Japan. Chinese Boycott of Japanese Products- 1936 As Japan continued to conquer more parts of China, the people were outraged. People boycotted Japanese products and halted Japanese shipping and business at the ports. Over 70,000 tons of Japanese cargo was rejected. Japanese Invasion of China- 1937 Almost immediately after the United Front was formed, Japan invaded China, aiming to take over the most valuable areas of China. 1949
5. Want for information? For more information on… 1919- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_Peace_Conference,_1919 Twenty One Demands- http://www.firstworldwar.com/source/21demands.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty-One_Demands Sun Yatsen: http://www.nndb.com/people/902/000092626/http://www.notablebiographies.com/St-Tr/Sun-Yat-Sen.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen Boxer Rebellion- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion Warlord China- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warlord_era The Three Principles- http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/593881/Three-Principles-of-the-People http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Principles_of_the_People Jiangxi Soviet- http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/317219/Jiangxi-Soviet http://www.bookrags.com/tandf/jiangxi-soviet-tf/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiangxi%E2%80%93Fujian_Soviet Guomindang & Communism- http://countrystudies.us/china/21.htm Unification of China http://www.slideshare.net/BCPPJ/unification-of-china-disunity http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_reunification_%281928%29 Extermination Campaigns- http://www.thecorner.org/hist/china/china1928-37b.htm Emperor Puyi- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puyi National Assembly- http://www.fact-index.com/n/na/national_assembly_of_the_republic_of_china.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Assembly_of_the_Republic_of_China
